VI. Regions of the Vertebral Column: Cervical Region: Atypical Cerv Vert: C2/ Axis/ Epistropheus Flashcards
What names are given to C2?
axis or epistropheus
How many joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?
five
What joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?
facet for fovea dentis, groove for transverse atlantal ligament, attachment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment site for the apical-dental lig.
What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dentis lies above the groove for the transverse atlantal lig. and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed posterior?
lordotic dens
What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dentis lies below the groove for the transverse atlantal lig. and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed anterior?
kyphotic dens
How many joints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?
five
What joint classifications are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?
fibrous (ampiarthrosis) syndesmosis, modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis sellar) and cartilaginous (ampiarthrosis) symphysis
How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C2?
ten
What attaches to the lamina of C2?
obliquus capitis inferior muscle, posterior atlanto-axial ligament, ligamentum flavum
What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facet of C2?
backward, upward, and lateral BUL
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2?
forward, lateral and down FoLD
What muscles attaches to the articular processes of C2?
longissimus cervicis
What is the gender variation for the transverse diameter of C2?
males: fifty-seven millimeters and females: about fifty millimeters
What muscles attach to the transverse process of C2?
levator scapulae, middle scalene, splenius cervicis, longissimus cervicis and intertransversarii
What is the characteristic appearance of the C2 spinous process in humans?
bifid
What is the location for palpation of the spinous process of C2?
in the midline, about two inches below the external occipital protuberance
What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2?
rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidus, rotators and interspinalis muscles
What ligaments attach to the spinous process of C2?
ligamentum nuchae, interspinous ligaments
