Veterinary Science Study Guide Flashcards
Any motion is ___ if an animal does it out of instinct to a stimulus.
Reflexive
___ is one of the two major causes of diseases that does not alter an organism’s DNA.
Bacteria
DES is an example of a ___ that was banned in 1979.
Hormone
Working with animals always involves ___.
Risk
___ is a way to restrain and subdue animals medically.
Chemical restraint
___ is using bodily force to restrain an animal.
Physical restraint
___ is a form of human cancer caused by not caring for your skin.
Melanoma
A trained animal is one whose behavior is ___.
Conditioned
A substance is considered to be ___ if it does harm to an animal or human.
Toxic
Animals can ___ a disease to a human.
Transmit
When a human does not take proper precautions, an ___ is likely to occur.
Injury
An organization that is responsible for safety in the workplace is ___.
OSHA
Certain behaviors that are encouraged repeatedly are called ___ behaviors.
Learned
An animal that is not at ease or uncomfortable might have a ___.
Disease
Animals become uncomfortable and frightened if someone enters their ___.
Flight zone
Diseases that are permanent because they change the genetic makeup of an animal is ___.
Virus
A ___ is a chemical medication used to sedate an animal.
Tranquilizer
Most injuries happen because of human error, also known as an ___.
Accident
An animal’s temperament is referred to as its ___.
temperament
Motherly instincts are also known as ___ instincts.
Maternal
Diseases that can be transferred from an animal to a human are a ___.
Zoonosis
Restraining an animal with a squeeze chute is an example of a ___.
Mechanical restraint
Birthing difficulties are referred to as ___.
dystocia
The naturally occurring hormone ___ can also be given as an injection to stimulate contractions.
oxytocin
The process of giving birth is referred to as ___.
parturition
The antibody filled, first milk that a mother produces is called ___.
colostrum
___ is the condition when to little oxygen and too much carbon dioxide are in the blood.
acidosis
___ is the condition where the uterus falls out of place and protrudes from the vulva.
prolapsing
In cattle, the normal presentation where both front feet are up with one extended a little further than the other with the nose right between the feet is referred to as ___.
anterior presentation
Another term for breech birth is ___.
posterior presentation
The final stage of birth is shedding the placenta and fetal membranes, commonly known as ___.
afterbirth
When the fetus leads with its back feet or hind end, it is said to be a ___.
breech birth
The first stage of parturition is ___.
cervix dilation
The worst outcome of dystocia is newborn ___.
death
One strategy to prevent dystocia is ___ feeding of females.
nighttime
After the birth an antiseptic such as tincture of ___ should be used to treat the naval cord.
iodine
Piglets are often born ___ and need to be given a supplemental iron shot.
anemic
Resistance to disease and infection
immunity
Causing or transmitting infection
infectious
Materials that destroy infective agents such as bacteria and viruses
disinfectant
Material which tends to eat away or consume
corrosive
Loose material such as rock and grass
debris
Devices for stopping bleeding by forcible compressing a blood vessel
tournaquet
Infective agent that results in decreased health in living things
disease
applied externally to the body
topical
An agent that destroys or severely inhibits microorganisms that cause disease
antiseptic
Capable of burning, corroding, or destroying living tissue
caustic
Organism producing disease
pathogen
Free from living organisms
sterile
A device used to place a pill in an animal’s throat
balling gun
The length of time a feed additive or medication must not be given to any animal prior to slaughter
withdrawal period
An animal disease that can be transmitted to humans
zoonotic disease
Tiny plants or animals that may contribute to disease
microorganisms
Joining the edges of a wound by stitching
suture
Able to kill germs, especially pathogenic microorganisms as a disinfectant
germicidal
The use of one’s own strength to restrain an animal in a strategic and humane way
physical restraint
The management of environmental conditions to help prevent health problems
sanitation
A drug which produces insensibility to pain
anesthetic
Potentially contagious and caused by bacteria, protozoa, viruses, fungi, and parasites
infectious disease
Laminitis occurring from animals over-eating grains or lush pastures
founder
Parasite life cycle consisting of egg, larva, pupa, and adult
complete metamorphosis
An organism that lives on or in another organism
parasite
Red blood cell deficiency
anemia
Inherited resistance to a disease is ___ immunity.
natural
Occurs when there is rapid fermentation in the rumen that causes excessive gas production
bloat
Remain alive in the winter
overwinter
Transmittable to other animals
contagious
Parasites that live outside the animal
external parasites
A condition or disorder with recognizable signs and often having a known cause
disease
Single celled organisms, free living, and potential causes of disease
bacteria
Parasites that spend part of their life cycle inside the animal’s body using it as a source of food
internal parasites
Poisons that are produced by certain plants, animals, and bacteria
toxins
Source of food for internal parasites
host
Non-contagious and not caused by bacteria or virus, but can be genetic
non-infectious diseases
An injection of an agent into an animal to prevent disease
vaccination
Toxin or foreign substance that stimulates an immune response
antigen
Acronym for Extra Label Use of Medications
ELUD
An allergic reaction that may occur when an animal is repeatedly injected with a specific medication or a medication similar to one previously administered
anaphylaxis
Proteins in the blood that develop in response to the presence of an antigen
antibodies
The time an animal must be taken off any medication before the animal is sent to market or used to produce milk
withdrawal period
Any watery animal fluid
serums
Immune resistance to disease developed actively or passively
acquired
Immunity acquired by directly transferring antibodies from an animal with the immunity to an animal without it
passive
Substances that counteract a specific toxin
antitoxins
Also known as a shot
injection
Substances that aid the body’s natural defenses to promote recovery or to relive pain
medications
Large pills or tablets
boluses
A cow in heat for a long time
bullers
Cells in the bloodstream that ingest and destroy foreign particles
phagocytes
Immunity that requires having antibodies present in the blood, acquired after being exposed to antigen producing organisms
active
Substances that contain modified-live or killed organisms in their products
vaccines
Remaining medication present in animals
residues
Products used to treat disease or infection once illness occurs
pharmaceuticals
Diseases in their early stages
subclinical
To mount a cow, as another cow, indicating heat
riders
Falling down of an organ
prolapsed
The removal of the tail of an animal is known as ___.
docking
___ is the removal of the tip of the upper mandible of poultry.
debeak
When the testicle is removed through an incision and the spermatic cord is scraped with a knife or clamped with an emasculator, it is known as ___.
lateral incision
The process of removing horns and preventing the growth of horns is known as ___.
dehorning
The castration of male fowl is known as ___.
caponize
The surgical method of castration by which the lower third of the scrotum is cut off with a knife is known as ___.
end-incision method
The removal of the testicles of a male animal is known as ___.
castration
The process by which combs of poultry are removed
dubbing
The soft membrane lining the hoof is known as ___.
laminae
Producers may use ___ to permanently identify their cattle.
branding
___ is the process of removing the wool or fiber from a sheep.
shearing
A bacterial infection that affects the nervous system is ___.
tetanus
Substances that burn or destroy tissue by chemical reaction are ___.
caustics
While trimming hooves, it is important to not cut the ___, which is the soft growing part under the nail or outer hoof.
quick
A method of shearing around the dock , crotch and udder before lambing is ___.
tagging
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
80% of vets are ___.
Women/Female
ELUD
Extra Label Use of Medications
