Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary > Veterinary Nursing Assistant Level 2 Diploma - Unit 1 - Principles of Animal Health > Flashcards

Veterinary Nursing Assistant Level 2 Diploma - Unit 1 - Principles of Animal Health Flashcards

1
Q

What does dorsal mean?

A

the surface along the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the surface along the back called?

A

dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does ventral mean?

A

the abdominal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the abdominal surface called?

A

ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does caudal mean?

A

towards the tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is towards the tail called?

A

caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does cranial mean?

A

towards the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is towards the head called?

A

cranial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does rostral mean?

A

towards the nose (this is a term used when considering the head)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is towards the nose called?

A

rostral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does lateral mean?

A

further away from this line, or away from the centre of the dog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is further away from this line, or away from the centre of the dog called?

A

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does medial mean?

A

closer to this central line, or closer to the centre of the dog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is closer to this central line or closer to the centre of the dog called?

A

medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does proximal mean?

A

closer to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is closer to the body called?

A

proximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does distal mean?

A

further from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is further from the body called?

A

distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can proximal/distal be used to describe?

A

positions on the limb/bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What terms can be used to describe positions on the limb/bone?

A

proximal/distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does palmar mean?

A

the walking surface of the forepaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the walking surface of the forepaw called?

A

palmar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does plantar mean?

A

the walking surface of the hindpaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the walking surface of the hindpaw called?

A

plantar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What can dorsal also be used to describe?

A

The top surfaces of the feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What can the top surfaces of the feet be called?

A

dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When are anatomical directions used?

A

all the time but particularly when using radiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Why are anatomical directions used?

A

so that the team knows which position the animal needs to be in for the correct radiographic view.

also to describe where an injury is or where an incision may need to be made for surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does dorso-ventral (DV) mean in regards to x-rays?

A

The animal is lying on the x-ray table with its dorsal surface uppermost and the x-ray beam will pass through the animal and pass through the dorsal surface first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is it called when the animal is lying on the x-ray table with its dorsal surface uppermost and the x-ray beam will pass through the animal and pass through the dorsal surface first?

A

dorso-ventral (DV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does ventro-dorsal (VD) mean in regards to x-rays?

A

The animal is lying on the x-ray table with its ventral surface uppermost so that the x-ray beam passes through that surface first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is it called when the animal is lying on the x-ray table with its ventral surface uppermost so that the x-ray beam passes through that surface first?

A

ventro-dorsal (VD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does lateral mean in regards to x-rays?

A

the animal is lying on its side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is it called when the animal is lying on its side on the x-ray table?

A

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does right lateral recumbency mean in terms of x-rays?

A

the animal is lying with its right side on the table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does left lateral recumbency mean?

A

the animal is lying with its left side on the table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What does dorso-palmar (D-Pa) mean in regards to x-rays?

A

the animal’s front paw is positioned with the walking surface on the table and the dorsal surface uppermost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is it called when the animal’s front paw is positioned with the walking surface on the table and the dorsal surface uppermost?

A

dorso-palmar (D-Pa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What does dorso-plantar (D-Pl) mean in regards to x-rays?

A

the animal’s hind paw is positioned with the walking surface on the table and dorsal surface uppermost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is it called when the animal’s hind paw is positioned with the walking surface on the table and dorsal surface uppermost?

A

dorso-plantar (D-Pl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are directional terms used for?

A

directional terms are used to describe the positions of parts of the body relative to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are directional terms based on?

A

directional terms are based on a quadruped animal standing squarely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What does dorsal recumbency mean?

A

the animal is lying on its back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How far does the dorsal aspect extend?

A

the dorsal aspect extends along the top of the head, down the back, and the topside of the tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How far does the ventral aspect extend?

A

the ventral aspect extends along the underside of the head, along the belly, and the underside of the tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

At what point in the foreleg does terminology change?

A

carpus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

At what point in the hindleg does terminology change?

A

tarsus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What three parts make up words?

A

prefix

root

suffix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Root Word - Arthr(o)

Meaning

Example

A

joint or articulation

arthritis - inflammation of a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Root Word - Cardi(o)

Meaning

Example

A

heart

cardiology - the study of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Root Word - Chondr(o)

Meaning

Example

A

Cartilage

Chondrocyte - cartilage cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Root Word - Cyst(o)

Meaning

Example

A

Bladder/bag

Cystitis - inflammation of urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Root Word - Derm(ato)

Meaning

Example

A

Skin

Dermatitis - inflammation of the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Root Word - Gloss(o) Lingual

Mean

Example

A

Tongue

Hypoglossal - below the tongue (also-sublingual)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Root Word - Hepat(o)

Meaning

Example

A

Liver

Hepatocyte - liver cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Root Word - Haem(ato/o)

Meaning

Example

A

Haemorrhage - escape of blood from a blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Root Word - Histo(io/o)

Meaning

Example

A

Tissue

Histology - study of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Root Word - Mamm(o)/Mast(o)

Meaning

Example

A

Mammary gland

Mastectomy - surgical removal of mammary gland

Mammogram - radiograph of mammary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Root Word - Metr(a/o)

Meaning

Example

A

Uterus

Metritis - inflammation of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Root Word - My(o)

Meaning

Example

A

Muscle

Myositis - inflammation of a muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Root Word - Neur(o)

Meaning

Example

A

Nerve

Neuron - nerve cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Root Word - Ophthalm(o)

Meaning

Example

A

Eye

Ophthalmoscope - instrument to view inside the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Root Word - Orchi(d)

Meaning

Example

A

Testis (testicle)

Cryptorchid - having an undescended testicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Root Word - Oste(o)

Meaning

Example

A

Bone

Osteomyelitis - inflammation of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Root Word - Phag(o)

Meaning

Example

A

Eating

Phagocytosis - eating of a particles by a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Pneum(o)

Meaning

Example

A

Air/gas/lung

Pneumothorax - free air in the thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Root Word - -pnoea

Meaning

Example

A

Breathing

Apnoea - no breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Root Word - Ren

Meaning

Example

A

Kidney

Renal artery - blood vessel supplying the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Root Word - Rhin

Meaning

Example

A

Nose

Rhinitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Root Word - Trich(o)

Meaning

Example

A

Hair

Trichosis - disease of the hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Root Word - Vas

Meaning

Example

A

Vessel or duct

Vascular - about blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Prefix - A-

Meaning

Example

A

Without/Not

Avascular - without a blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Prefix - Anti-

Meaning

Example

A

Counteracting

Antihistamine - inhibits the effects of histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Prefix - Ante-, Pre-

Meaning

Example

A

Before

Antenatal - before birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

Prefix - Brady-

Meaning

Example

A

Slow

Bradycardia - slow heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Prefix - Cyto-

Meaning

Example

A

Cell

Cytotoxic - damaging to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

Prefix - Dys-

Meaning

Example

A

Difficult or impaired

Dysplasia - abnormal development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Prefix - Ecto-

Meaning

Example

A

On the external surface

Ectoparasite - parasite on the skin surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

Prefix - Endo-

Meaning

Example

A

Within

Endoparasite - parasite within the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Prefix - Epi-

Meaning

Example

A

Upon/outside of

Epidermis - outer layer of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Prefix - Eryth(ro)

Meaning

Example

A

Red

Erythrocyte - red blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

Prefix - Hyper-

Meaning

Example

A

Excessive/increased

Hypertrophy - increased size of tissue or organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

Prefix - Hypo-

Meaning

Example

A

Decreased; deficient; beneath

Hypothermia - low body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

Prefix - Peri-

Meaning

Example

A

Around; in the region of

Peri-anal - around the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

Prefix - Poly-

Meaning

Example

A

Many, much

Polyoestrus - having more than one oestrus cycle per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Prefix - Post-

Meaning

Example

A

After; behind

Postmortem - after death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Prefix - Pyo-

Meaning

Example

A

Pus

Pyometra - pus in the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

Prefix - Tachy-

Meaning

Example

A

Rapid

Tachycardia - elevated heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

Suffix - -aemia

Meaning

Example

A

Relates to the blood

Viraemia -virus particles in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

Suffix - -cyte

Meaning

Example

A

A cell

Erythrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

Suffix - -ectomy

Meaning

Example

A

Surgical removal of

Thyroidectomy - surgical removal of the thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Suffix - -genic

Meaning

Example

A

Causing

Pathogenic - causing disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

Suffix - ia/iasis

Meaning

Example

A

Condition or state

Hypoplasia - incomplete development of an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

Suffix - -itis

Meaning

Example

A

Inflammation

Arthritis - inflammation of a joint

93
Q

Suffix - -oma

Meaning

Example

A

Tumour or neoplasm

Sarcoma - malignant tumour

94
Q

Suffix - -osis

Meaning

Example

A

Disease state

Osteochondrosis - a developmental disease of articular surface

95
Q

Suffix - -ostomy

Meaning

Example

A

Surgical opening

Tracheostomy - opening into the trachea

96
Q

What is meant by acute?

A

Sudden onset or short-term

97
Q

What is the term for sudden onset or short-term?

98
Q

What is meant by adenopathy?

A

Swollen glands

99
Q

What is the term for swollen glands?

A

Adenopathy

100
Q

What is meant by alopecia?

101
Q

What is the term for hair loss?

102
Q

What is meant by amnesia?

A

Memory loss

103
Q

What is the term for memory loss?

104
Q

What is meant by anaemia?

A

Low red blood cell count

105
Q

What is the term for low red blood cell count?

106
Q

What is meant by anorexia?

A

Loss of appetite

107
Q

What is the term for loss of appetite?

108
Q

What is meant by arrhythmia?

A

Irregular or change in hearbeat

109
Q

What is the term for irregular or change in heartbeat?

A

Arrhythmia

110
Q

What is meant by ataxia?

A

Unsteady movement

111
Q

What is the term for unsteady movement?

112
Q

What is meant by bradycardia?

A

Slow heart rate

113
Q

What is the term for slow heart rate?

A

Bradycardia

114
Q

What is meant by chronic?

A

Continues over a long time or long term

115
Q

What is the term for continues over a long time or long term

116
Q

What is meant by distension?

A

Bloated or swollen

117
Q

What is the term for bloated or swollen?

A

Distension

118
Q

What is meant by dyspepsia?

A

Upset stomach

119
Q

What is the term for upset stomach?

120
Q

What is meant by dyspnea?

A

Hard to breath

121
Q

What is the term for hard to breath?

122
Q

What is meant by dysuria?

A

Difficulty urinating

123
Q

What is the term for difficult urinating?

124
Q

What is meant by Edema?

125
Q

What is the term for swelling?

126
Q

What is meant by Emesis?

127
Q

What is the term for vomiting?

128
Q

What is meant by Fatigue?

129
Q

What is the term for tiredness?

130
Q

What is meant by Fibrillation?

A

Irregular heartbeat or other muscles

131
Q

What is the term for irregular heartbeat or other muscles?

A

Fibrillation

132
Q

What is meant by Flushing?

A

Blood to the surface of the skin

133
Q

What is the term for blood to the surface of the skin?

134
Q

What is meant by Haematoma?

135
Q

What is the term for bruise?

136
Q

What is meant by Haematochezia?

A

Passing stool with blood in

137
Q

What is the term for passing stool with blood in?

A

Haematochezia

138
Q

What is meant by Haematirua?

A

Blood in urine

139
Q

What is the term for blood in urine?

A

Haematuria

140
Q

What is meant by hypertension?

A

High blood pressure

141
Q

What is the term for high blood pressure?

A

Hypertension

142
Q

What is meant by Hyperphagia?

A

Excessive hunger

143
Q

What is the term for excessive hunger?

A

Hyperphagia

144
Q

What is meant by Hyperpnea?

A

An increase in respiration rate

145
Q

What is the term for an increase in respiration rate?

146
Q

What is meant by Hypotension?

A

Low blood pressure

147
Q

What is the term for low blood pressure?

A

Hypotension

148
Q

What is meant by Inflammation?

A

Swelling and heat as an immune response

149
Q

What is the term for swelling and heat as an immune response?

A

Inflammation

150
Q

What is meant by Insomnia?

A

Unable to sleep

151
Q

What is the term for unable to sleep?

152
Q

What is meant by Lethargy?

A

Sleepiness

153
Q

What is the term for Sleepiness?

154
Q

What is meant by Nausea?

A

Sickness to the stomach

155
Q

What is the term for sickness to the stomach?

156
Q

What is meant by Polydipsia?

A

Excessive thirst

157
Q

What is the term for excessive thirst?

A

Polydipsia

158
Q

What is meant by Polyuria?

A

Excessive urination

159
Q

What is the term for excessive urination?

160
Q

What is meant by Stranguria?

A

Painful urination

161
Q

What is the term for painful urination?

A

Stranguria

162
Q

What is meant by Stomatitis?

A

Inflammation of the mouth, mouth sores

163
Q

What is the term for inflamation of the mouth, mouth sores?

A

Stomatitis

164
Q

What is meant by Tachycardia?

A

Fast heart rate

165
Q

What is the term for fast heart rate?

A

Tachycardia

166
Q

What is meant by Carcinogenic?

A

Having the potential to cause cancer

167
Q

What is meant by Conjunctivitis?

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

168
Q

What is meant by Hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver

169
Q

What is meant by Carditis?

A

Inflammation of the heart

170
Q

What is meant by Splenectomy?

A

Surgery to remove a diseased or damaged spleen

171
Q

What is meant by Gastrotomy?

A

Surgical incision into the stomach

172
Q

What is meant by Gastrectomy?

A

a surgical procedure where all or part of the stomach is surgically removed

173
Q

What is meant by Dyspnoea?

A

Sudden shortness of breath, or breathing difficulty

174
Q

What is meant by Dysphagia?

A

Swallowing difficulties

175
Q

Why are routine health checks important when caring for animals?

A

To identify any changes as soon as possible

To enable you to seek professional help if needed

To prevent a problem from developing further

As part of establishing a positive relationship between animal and carer

176
Q

How often should visual checks be carried out when working in the animal care industry?

177
Q

How often should physical health checks be carried out when working in the animal care industry?

A

Once a Week at a minimum

However, it is recommended to carry out a physical health check daily, as this can be done when petting your animals

178
Q

How often should clinical health checks be carried out when working in the animal care industry?

A

Once a year

179
Q

In what order should a physical health check conducted?

A

Head to tail to ensure nothing is missed

Ears
Eyes
Mouth and Teeth
Nose
Fur
Skin
Body Form
Feet
Weight
Alertness
Eating and Drinking
Bodily Functions
Urethra
Vulva
Penis and Testes
Anus
Movement

180
Q

Physical Health Check - The Ears

A

Are they clean and without a discharge?
Do they appear a healthy pink or normal colour for the animal concerned?
Can you see any signs of soreness?

181
Q

Physical Health Check - The Eyes

A

Are they bright and clear, without discharge or apparent soreness?

182
Q

Physical Health Check - Mouth and Teeth

A

Is the breath fresh and without unpleasant odour?
Are there signs of tartar on the teeth?
In rabbits, it is only possible to check the incisors because the other teeth are not visible without opening the mouth very wide, which could dislocate the jaw. It is important to check the length of the incisors in the rabbit because they can overgrow. The upper and lower incisors need to meet to form a biting surface.

183
Q

Physical Health Check - Nose

A

Is the nose clear of mucus, other matter or is there a sign of a runny discharge?
Does the animal appear to be able to breathe through the nose?

184
Q

Physical Health Check - Fur

A

Is the coat clean and without clumps of matted fur? Any signs of parasites? E.g. fleas, mites, lice? Any bald patches?

185
Q

Physical Health Check - Skin

A

Is the coat clean and without clumps of matted fur? Any signs of parasites? E.g. fleas, mites, lice? Any bald patches?

186
Q

Physical Health Check - Body Form

A

Is this animal standing and sitting correctly? When passing your hands over the body can you feel any lumps or swellings?

187
Q

Physical Health Check - Feet

A

Are the claws the correct length and not overly long? Is the end point of their growth well away from the pads? Any signs of soreness on the pads?

188
Q

Physical Health Check - Weight

A

For the particular animal, has he or she a healthy weight for their species or breed? This can be checked by running your hands over the body. Can you easily feel the ribs with just a gentle press of the skin? Do you have to press firmly to be able to feel them or can you even see them through the fur? The weight can be worked out using the body condition score.

189
Q

Physical Health Check - Alertness

A

Is your animal alert and keen to respond to you in their own way?

190
Q

Physical Health Check - Eating and Drinking

A

Is your animal eating well and is there clean fresh water easily available for them? Have you observed your animal taking a drink? Have you seen them eating and are they picking the food up easily? This is particularly important in rabbits and guinea pigs where the teeth may grow in an abnormal way causing eating difficulties. Have you monitored the amount you have provided for the animal and the amount they have eaten?

191
Q

Physical Health Check - Bodily Functions

A

Is your animal passing urine or faeces (defecating) readily with no apparent problems?

192
Q

Physical Health Check - Urethra

A

The urethra is the opening from the body that leads inside to the urinary bladder. Is this clean and without apparent soreness, discharge or unpleasant odour?

193
Q

Physical Health Check - Vulva

A

The vulva is the birth opening in female mammals. Is the vulva clean, without any discharge or unpleasant odour?

194
Q

Physical Health Check - Penis and Testes

A

These are male genitalia of mammals. The penis doubles as the exit point for urine as well as being the male’s sexual organ. Is the penis (if visible that is) clean, without odour, discharge or soreness? Have you seen the animal licking that part of the body more than you would expect?

195
Q

Physical Health Check - Anus

A

The anus is from where faeces are expelled from the body. Does the anus appear clean, without faecal material and without soreness?

196
Q

Physical Health Check - Movement

A

Is he or she moving about and apparently enjoying exercise?

197
Q

What is a body condition score used to determine?

A

it can be used to determine if an animal is within the correct weight range

198
Q

What can be the range of a body condition score chart?

A

1 to 9

or 1 to 5 for both cats and dogs

With the lowest number suggesting the animal is underweight and the highest number stating the animal is overweight.

199
Q

What will an underweight animal be like?

A

On an animal that is underweight, their ribs will be easily felt, the bones have no to little fat cover and the waist is very defined.

200
Q

What will an animal at an ideal weight be like?

A

An animal that is an ideal weight will have ribs that are easily felt with some fat cover and a well-proportioned waist

201
Q

What will an overweight animal be like?

A

An animal that is overweight will have ribs that are hard to feel, the waist will be gone, and fat may hang from the abdomen.

202
Q

Reptiles - Physical Health Check - Eyes

A

Are the eyes clear and bright and free from any discharge?

203
Q

Reptiles - Physical Health Check - Nostrils

A

Are the nostrils clear from any discharge or is there mucus or other matter around them?

204
Q

Reptiles - Physical Health Check - Mouth

A

Is the mouth clean and free from any material around the area? Are you able to open the reptile’s mouth gently to check that the inside doesn’t have any sore patches inside? Are the teeth all intact? If it is a chelonian-is the beak a normal shape or is it overgrown?

205
Q

Reptiles - Physical Health Check - Skin

A

The skin of a reptile should be dry and clean and each of the scales or scutes should be intact. Is there any sign of any damage? Are there signs of skin sloughing (ecdysis)? In lizards ecdysis normally happens scale by scale but in snakes the complete outer layer is shed in one piece. If there are patches of flaked skin this can be a sign of problems, difficulty in shedding is known as dysecdysis.

206
Q

Reptiles - Physical Health Check - Cloaca

A

The cloaca is the opening for the digestive, reproductive and urinary tracts together- there’s only one opening rather than the three in most mammals. Is this area clean and free from any matter around it?

207
Q

Reptiles - Physical Health Check - Bodily Functions

A

Is the animal passing a normal faecal motion?

Some reptiles prefer to pass waste when they are in water.

208
Q

Reptiles - Physical Health Check - Feet/Claws

A

Are there any signs of soreness or overgrown claws? Is the animal moving well and is keen to move around?

209
Q

Reptiles - Physical Health Check - Alterness

A

Is the animal showing interest in its surroundings and takes notice when there is movement around its vivarium?

210
Q

Reptiles - Physical Health Check - Eating/Drinking

A

Is water easily available and the reptile is seen to drink from it? Is the reptile eating normally?

211
Q

Reptiles - Physical Health Check - Weight

A

Can you see the reptile’s ribs? Can you feel the ribs if you gently press the skin above them?

212
Q

Dogs - What is Gastroenteritis?

A

An inflammation of the gastrointestinal/digestive tract (anywhere along the whole length of tract)

213
Q

Dogs - What are the causes of gastroenteritis?

A

The list of causes is very long. Viruses, bacteria, parasites, inflammatory bowel disease, and eating inappropriate food such as raiding the bin or eating table scraps.

214
Q

Dogs - What are the signs of gastroenteritis?

A

Vomiting, diarrhoea, blood and mucous in stools, inappetence, flatulence and weight loss.

215
Q

Dogs - What are skin problems?

A

This is a range of conditions which affect the skins of many species causing discomfort and irritation. The skin is the largest organ of the body and includes the skin of the ears both outside and inside.

216
Q

Dogs - What are the causes of skin problems?

A

Parasites, fungal and bacterial infections, and allergies.

217
Q

Dogs - What are the signs of skin diseases?

A

Scratching, rubbing against furniture or the floor, head shaking, hair loss, red patches, flaking and greasy skin.

218
Q

Dogs - What is arthritis?

A

Inflammation of one or more joints of the body which commonly affects older dogs.

219
Q

Dogs - What are the causes of arthritis?

A

Injury to the joint when the dog was younger, general wear and tear.

220
Q

Dogs - What are the signs of arthritis?

A

Limping or reluctant to exercise, licking of the paws or near the affected area, change in behaviour, slower movement.

221
Q

Dogs - What are lumps?

A

Many dogs develop lumps in their layers of skin, fat and muscles which may just be very small and hard or larger and softer.

222
Q

Dogs - What are the causes of lumps?

A

Most lumps are benign (not cancerous) and are fatty lumps or lipomas but others can be more sinister and can spread to other parts of the body. The only way this can be found out is by histopathology, where a specialist vet checks its structure under the microscope.

223
Q

What are the signs of lumps?

A

A change in the contour of the skin which is occasionally visible but more often has to be felt.

224
Q

Dogs - What is diabetes mellitus?

A

A condition where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to satisfy the body’s needs. In some cases the pancreas stops producing insulin completely.

225
Q

Dogs - What are the causes of diabetes mellitus?

A

The cause of a dog developing diabetes mellitus is not known, but obesity increases the likelihood of it developing and some breeds are more prone to development of the disease.

226
Q

Dogs - What are the signs of diabetes mellitus?

A

The cause of a dog developing diabetes mellitus is not known, but obesity increases the likelihood of it developing and some breeds are more prone to development of the disease.

227
Q

Cats - Gastroenteritis

A

The list of causes is very long. Viruses, bacteria, parasites and inflammatory bowel disease. Cats are much less likely to eat inappropriate foods by raiding bins and eating rancid foods but too many table scraps can occasionally cause problems.

228
Q

Cats - what is hyperthyroidism?

A

This is an over-active thyroid gland, the gland which produces thyroid hormone which regulates the metabolism of the body.

229
Q

Cats - hyperthyroidism - causes?

A

This is caused by a benign tumour in the thyroid gland in the neck

230
Q

Cats - hyperthyroidism - signs

A

This is an over-active thyroid gland, the gland which produces thyroid hormone which regulates the metabolism of the body.

Veterinary (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions