Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK II > Vetebral Column > Flashcards

Vetebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Neurophysiological Effect of Joint Mob

A

Firing of articular mechanoreceptors proprioceptors
Firing of cutaneous/muscular receptors
Altered nociception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mechanical effect of joint mob

A

Stretching of joint restrictions
Breaking of adhesions
Altered positional relationships
Diminish/eliminate barriers to normal motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psychological effect of joint mob

A

Confidence gained thru improvement
Positive effects from manual contact
Response to joint sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Total vertebra

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

A

29

7

12

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sacral

coccygeal

A

5

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Three separate joints in vertebral motion segment

A

2 facets, IVD and Vertebral bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many pairs of facet joints?

What type of joints are facets?

A

24

Planar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Upper cervical facet orientation

Lower cervical

A

horizontal

45 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Z-joints/uncovertebral made of what process?

A

Uncinate process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thoracic facet joint orientations

Lumbar

A

Almost vertical (Facilitates rotation/resist anterior displacement)

Vertical with J-shaped structures (resists rotation and anterior shear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Three sub-systems contribute to stability

A

Passive: Anatomical structures
Active: muscles, source of active stiffness
CNS: Feedforward and feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Absolute contraindications

A 
Joint hypermobility/instability
Joint inflammation/effusion
Hard end-feel
Medically instable
Acute pain that worsens with repeated attempts
Acute radiculopathy
Bone disease/fractures
Spinal Arthropathy
Deteriorating CNS pathology
Status post joint fusion
Blood clotting disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Variables affecting spinal motion

A 
Disc-vertebral height ratio
Compliance of fibrocartilage
Dimension/shape of adjacent endplates
Age
Disease
Gender
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Coupling

A

Two or more motions coupled when one motion is always accompanied

Opposite of each other in UPPER cervical

Same side in LCS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Facet joints

A

Glide up and forward or down and back if occur in same directions, flexion/extension occurs

If movements occur in opposite direction, side-bending occurs

Rotation ALWAYS coupled with SB (LOWER CS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fryette’s first law

A

When you stand neutral and you side bend right, spine will rotate to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fryette’s second law

A

When you flex or hyperextend your spine and you side bend to the right, your spine will rotate to the right (SAME SIDE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fryette’s third law

A

If motion in one plane is introduced to spine, any motion occurring in other direction is restricted

When you flex, you can’t move as much in other planes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

“Can’t Close”

A

Restriction of Ext/SB/Rot to SAME side of pain

**Articular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

“Can’t open”

A

Restriction of flex/SB/rot to OPPOSITE side of pain

**Capsular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cervicoencephalic

Atlanto-occipital

Atlanto-axial

Cervicobrachial

A

C0-C1

C1-C2 (rotation)

C3-C7

22
Q

Most rotation occurs here

A

Occipital Atlanto region

Injury to area can cause
Cognitive dysfunction, CN dysfunction, Sympathetic system dysfunction

23
Q

Atlanto-occipital joints

A

Yes and maybe joint

Ellipsoide

Flex/ext 15 to 20 degrees
side flexion of 10 degrees

24
Q

Atlanto-axial

A

No joint

Flexion/ext 10 degrees
Side flexion 5 degrees
Rotation 50 degrees (primary motion)

25
Q

Cervicobrachical Region

A

C3-C7

Symptoms in area:
Neck or arm pain
Headaches
Restricted ROM
Paresthesia
Altered myotomes/dermatomes
Radicular signs
26
Q

Buffers axial compression by distributing compressive forces

Withstands tension in disc

A

NP

AF

27
Q

Vertebral Artery

A

Passes thru transverse
Supplies 20% of blood supply to brain
Can be compressed (osteophyte formation or injury to facet joint)
Stress by rotation, extension, and traction

28
Q

VBA System

A

Three vessels
two VA
one Basilar

29
Q

Four portions to VBA

A

Proximal, Transverse, Suboccipital, Intracranial

30
Q

Proximal Portion

A

From origin of subclavian to entry to Cspine through Transverse of C6

31
Q

Transverse portion

A

C6 to C2

32
Q

Suboccipital Portion

A

Exit at C2 to penetration into cord

Divided into 4 parts

  1. within Transverse of C2
  2. Between C2 and C1
  3. In transverse of C1
  4. Between posterior arch of atlas and entry into foramen magnum
33
Q

VA most vulnerable to compression and stretching

A

C1-C2 with cervical rotation

34
Q

Transverse forearm of C1 is more ____than that of C2 VA

A

Lateral

35
Q

Intracranial portion

A

IC runs from foramen magnum to formation of basilar artery at lower border of Pons

ICP is more prone to obstructions

36
Q

Branches of VA

A
  1. Meningeal branches: supply bone and dura mater
  2. Anterior Spinal Artery
  3. Posterior Spinal Artery
  4. Muscular branches
  5. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
37
Q

VA insufficiency

A

Occur because of close proximity of VA and bony structures of Spine

or

RA, sickle cell, etc.

38
Q

Manifestations of VBI

A 
Dizziness, Drop Attacks, Diplopia, Dysarthria, Dysphasia, Nausea, Numbness, Nystagmus, Tinnitus
Headache
Wallenberg/Horner syndromes
Paresthesia/Hemi
Scotoma/Vision obstruction
Periodic LOC
Lip/Perioral Anesthesia
Hemifacial Paralysis
Hyperreflexia
Babinski, Clonus
Gait Ataxia
39
Q

Risk factors for Arterial Damage (Stroke)

A 
BP >140/90
Hypercholesterolemia
Hyperlipidemia
Diabetes
Family history of MI
Smoking
BMI >30
Repeated or recent injury
Upper Cervical Instability
40
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

Worse Headache of life

41
Q

Imaging

A

Conventional Angiography: Gold Standard

MRA (Stenosis/Occlusions)

Doppler Sonography (assesses blood flow velocity)

42
Q

Five D’s And the N’s

A

Dizziness, Diplopia, Drop attacks (Drop foot, drooping of face/eyes), Dysarthria, Dysphagia, Dysphasia

Ataxia

Nystagmus, Numbness, Nausea

43
Q

Absolute contraindications to Manual Therapy

A

Infection, Acute circulatory, Malignancy, Open wounds, Recent fracture, Hematoma, Hypersensitivity to skin, Poor end feel, Advance diabetes, Cellulitis, severe pain, Extensive radiation of pain

44
Q

Examination of VA

A

Maintain Immediate pre-mobilization position for a minimum of 10 seconds to test system

STOP when signs noted

Observe for Nystagmus, Changes in pupil, assess quality of speech, have pt reports changes in symptoms

45
Q

Common issues

A 
Worse headaches (Thunder headache)
Different headache than I have ever had

Dizziness and headaches/neck pain! (Two most common for stroke)

Be conservative

46
Q

To assess comorbidities look at

A

RBP
Upper cervical spine instability testing
BMI

47
Q

Avoid prior to SMT on Cspine

Only if you observe proper evaluation techniques

ONLY IF YOU GAIN CONSENT

A

Excessive rotation, Non physiological movements in joints, aggressive forceful maneuvers

Through history, quality observation skills

48
Q

Relative precautions to joint mobilization

A

Malignancy, Joint replacement, bone disease, CT disorders, Pregnancy or immediately post partum, Recent trauma (radiculopathy, cauda equina), early healing phase of CT injury, People unable to community, Psychogenic patients, corticosteroids, skin rashes/open wounds, Elevated pain levels that make palpation unreasonable

49
Q

Neutral zone

A

Defines a region of laxity around neutral resting position of segment

Minimal loading occurring in passive structures and active
Spinal motion produced with minimal internal resistance

50
Q

Two roles of Meniscoid

A

Fill space during joint displacement

Actively assist in dispersal of synovial fluid

MSK II (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions