Vet logic - outcome 1 Flashcards
What is the primary survey?
Rapid, immediate assessment to identify whether or not there are life threatening conditions. ABC, consciousness and neurological status.
with ABC what does A stand for and what are you checking?
Airway - that it is clear and free from obstruction
with ABC what does B stand for and what are you checking?
Breathing - checking for chest movements, rate and effort
with ABC what does C stand for and what are you checking?
Circulation - assess central and peripheral pulses. pulse and heart rate and rhythms should be obtained at the same time. check MM’s and CRT
What are you looking for when checking neurological status?
Conscious/unconscious
mentation
demeanour
neurological signs such as tremors, seizures etc
What is secondary survey
Once you have done primary survery and establish no threat to life the secounardy survery checks Nose Mouth and teeth eyes ears face and head thorax abdomen limbs tail
What might swelling or discharge from the nose indicate?
bruising or underlying disease depending on whether the discharge is blood, serous or purulent.
when checking mouth and teeth in secondary assessment what are you looking/checking for?
MM's CRT trauma - broken teeth/jaw/etc harmorrhage hard palate is intact check the open and closing of the mouth for signs of fracture
with secondary survey what are you checking for with the eyes?
Pupil - size - light reaction - palpebral reflexes
trauma
FB
discharge
with secondary survey what are you checking for with the ears?
Pinnae checked for trauma and haemorrhage
signs of discharge
with secondary survey what are you checking for with the face and head?
general appearance
aysmmetry or swelling can indicate face or skull fratures
with secondary survey what are you checking for with the abdomen?
external wounds
swelling
penetration of FBs
if possible palpation of bladder - checking for rupture but distended bladder should be handled with care
with secondary survey what are you checking for with the limbs?
appearance - swelling/deformity?
check movement as long as no obvious fracture signs
pinch between toes to assess neurological function - no pain perception can indicate presence of spinal damage
If you pinch between patients toes and they don’t pull back or don’t feel pain in the limbs what can this indicate?
spinal damage
with secondary survey what are you checking for with the external genitalia?
discharge or damage
with secondary survey what are you checking for with the tail?
appearance
way it is held or moved - can indicate fracture or dislocation
When is CPR preformed and what is the aim?
when breathing has stopped and/or no pulse. 7
the aim is to keep the vital organs supplied with blood through chest compression and to oxygenate the blood by ventilating the lungs.
What does RECOVER stand for and what do they do?
the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation. they produced the first evidence bases recommendations to resuscitate dogs and cats in cardiac arrest.
Explain how best to do CPR according to RECOVER guidelines
100-120 chest compression per minute - one-third to one-half of the chest width with the animal lying on its side.
ventilate intubated dogs and cats at rate of 10-30bpm or if compression being done 2 breaths every 30 compression
switch the person compressing every 2 minutes
administer vasopressors every 3-5 minutes
When should you not do CPR?
When something is obstructing the airway.
Theobromine toxicity?
What is it found in?
Signs?
Treatment?
Theobromine is the active ingredient in chocolate.
Signs of toxicity include panting, vomiting, tachycardia and in severe cases, cardiac arrhythmias.
Treatment includes inducing emesis, which is always best done in the practice setting, where there is a controlled environment, using apomorphine under the veterinary surgeon’s direction. Activated charcoal should be given, and this may need to be repeated every 4-6 hours due to enterohepatic recirculation of the toxin. Intravenous fluid therapy should also be instigated and cardiac arrhythmias treated as necessary.
Warfain toxicity?
What is it found in?
Signs?
Treatment?
Warfarin is found in rodenticides such as rat bait.
causes haemorrhage which is seen around 5 to 7 days after ingestion. Petechiae - pin-point haemorrhages of the gums - together with pale mucous membranes, can indicate warfarin poisoning.
If ingestion is recent, emesis should be induced and activated charcoal administered. However, if absorption has already occurred, vitamin K to aid blood clotting will be needed and a blood transfusion may be necessary
