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Dog Bowl > Vet Glossary > Flashcards

Vet Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Death of a fetus after organ development (28 days), followed by expulsion of the products of conception.

A

Abortion

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2
Q

A collection of pus in a captivity. It may be beneath the skin, in an organ, or in a body space.

A

Abscess

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3
Q

The process by which the lens of the eye changes shape to focus light on the retina.

A

Accommodate

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4
Q

A buildup of acids in the blood, resulting in a lower pH than normal.

A

Acidosis

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5
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone, the pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroids.

A

ACTH

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6
Q

Occurring suddenly. Often indicates the early stage of a disease, when symptoms are most pronounced. Acute symptoms are usually short term.

A

Acute

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7
Q

Without fever.

A

Afebrile

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8
Q

American Kennel Club

A

AKC

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9
Q

Any substance that is capable of causing an allergic reaction. Drugs, insect toxins, pollens, molds, dust mites, foods, and vaccinations are common allergens for dogs.

A

Allergen

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10
Q

Loss of hair or failure to regrow hair, resulting in an area of thinning or baldness.

A

Alopecia

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11
Q

Pain relief.

A

Analgesia

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12
Q

Out of the ordinary; a condition that departs from the normal.

A

Anomaly

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13
Q

The fourth phase of the estrous cycle in which there is little, if any, ovarian activity. The length of this phase varies, lasting on average 130 to 150 days.

A

Anestrus

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14
Q

Anatomically, the area encompassed by the anus, anal canal, and rectum.

A

Anorectal

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15
Q

Loss of appetite and failure to eat.

A

Anorexia

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16
Q

A medication that acts to dispel or destroy parasitic intestinal worms.

A

Anthelmintic

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17
Q

A protein substance produced by the immune system to neutralize the effects of an antigen.

A

Antibody

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18
Q

A substance recognized by the immune system as a foreign to the body. The immune system develops antibodies that bind the antigen and prevent it from harming the animal or causing disease.

A

Antigen

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19
Q

An abnormal heart rhythm. It may be inconsequential, or serious enough to cause cardiac arrest.

A

Arrhythmia

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20
Q

Roundworms

A

Ascarids

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21
Q

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Congestive heart failure and liver failure are the most common causes.

A

Ascites

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22
Q

Testing the serum to determine the relative proportion of a substance, such as the concentration of an antigen or antibody.

A

Assay

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23
Q

Incoordination; an inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements that is symptomatic of some central nervous system disorders and injuries and is not due to muscle weakness. The adjective is ataxic.

A

Ataxia

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24
Q

Failure of a channel or passage to open in the course of fetal development.

A

Atresia

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25
Q

Shrinkage in the size of an organ or tissue due to disuse or death of cells.

A

Atrophy

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26
Q

Antibodies that a host makes against its own tissues. Auto-antibodies cause destruction of the targeted cells.

A

Auto-antibodies

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27
Q

A disease resulting from auto-antibodies targeting host tissue.

A

Autoimmune disease

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28
Q

All chromosomes that are not X and Y sex chromosomes.

A

Autosomal

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29
Q

Capable of killing bacteria, as opposed to just inhibiting their growth.

A

Bactericidal

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30
Q

An abnormal growth that is not a malignant cancer. Benign growths are usually not life threatening and do not spread to other areas of the body.

A

Benign

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31
Q

Foreign bodies in the stomach composed of hair and other ingested materials that form hard concentrations too large to pass out of the stomach.

A

Bezoars

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32
Q

On both sides.

A

Bilateral

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33
Q

The removal of tissue for microscopic examination and diagnosis.

A

Biopsy

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34
Q

A female dog.

A

Bitch

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35
Q

A skin blister filled with serum or blood.

A

Bleb

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36
Q

A small skin abscess, usually at the site of a hair follicle.

A

Boil

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37
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia, a non cancerous form of prostate enlargement.

A

BPH

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38
Q

A dog with a broad skull and a short muzzle, resulting in a flat face, as in the Pug and Pekingese.

A

Brachycephalic

39
Q

The owner of the bitch when the dog was bred.

A

Breeder

40
Q

The lower chest, particularly the sternum.

A

Brisket

41
Q

A procedure in which an endoscope is passed into the trachea and bronchi to directly visualize the interior of the respiratory tract.

A

Bronchoscopy

42
Q

A female dog used for breeding.

A

Brood bitch

43
Q

A large skin blister filled with clear fluid. Or, in the case of the lungs, air sacs filled with air. May also refer to the tympanic bulla, a part of the inner ear.

A

Bulla

44
Q

Dental calculus (also called tartar) is a plaquelike material composed of calcium salts, food particles, and bacteria.

A

Calculus

45
Q

A tumor on the surface of the body or within an organ that has the potential to destroy tissue and kill the animal through local growth and/or spread to a distant parts.

A

Cancer

46
Q

Foxes, wolves, coyotes, jackals, and other cousins of dogs.

A

Canids

47
Q

The time it takes for the gums to pink up after being firmly pressed with a finger - normally one to two seconds or less. A measure of the quality of the circulation.

A

Capillary relief time

48
Q

Compression of the heart, resulting in temporary support of the circulation.

A

Cardiac massage

49
Q

To remove the testicles of a male dog.

A

Castrate

50
Q

Injection of all layers of the skin along with inflammation of the connective tissue, characterized by redness, swelling, tenderness, and increased warmth. Usually very painful.

A

Cellulitis

51
Q

Swelling of the brain following injury or a period of oxygen deprivation.

A

Cerebral edema

52
Q

The use of drugs that are cellular poisons to attack and kill cancer cells, or to suppress the immune system in the treatment of autoimmune disease.

A

Chemotherapy

53
Q

Compounds that protect joint cartilage from the destructive effects of degenerative joint disease.

A

Chondroprotective

54
Q

The collection of DNA proteins that are organized into genes and aligned to provide genetic information to the body. Dogs have 78 chromosomes ( arranged in 39 pairs).

A

Chromosomes

55
Q

Present for a long period. Often indicates that stage of a disease in which symptoms persist in a milder form.

A

Chronic

56
Q

Hairlike projections on cells in the respiratory tract.

A

Cilia

57
Q

A procedure that uses an endoscope to view the interior of the colon and rectum.

A

Colonoscopy

58
Q

The first milk of the dam, containing the all-important material antibodies that protect puppies from common diseases for the first three months of life.

A

Colostrum

59
Q

The products resulting from from the union between egg and sperm.

A

Conceptus

60
Q

A subjective term that refers to overall health as shown by the coat, general appearance, body weight, and musculature.

A

Condition (of the body)

61
Q

How the various angles, shapes, and parts of the dog’s body conform to the breed standard. At dog shows, dogs are judged by how well they conform to the standard for their breed.

A

Conformation

62
Q

A condition that exists at birth, although it is not always clinically evident until later in life. Congenital conditions can be either genetically determined or acquired before or during delivery.

A

Congenital

63
Q

A growth that forms in the ovary at the site of ovulation. The corpus luteum manufactures progesterone, essential to the support of pregnancy. The plural is corpora lutea.

A

Corpus luteum

64
Q

Creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme found in muscle tissue that is released when there is muscle injury or disease.

A

CPK

65
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; the combination of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and cardiac massage.

A

CPR

66
Q

A dog whose sire and dam are different breeds.

A

Crossbred

67
Q

Freezing and storing tissue for later use.

A

Cryopreservation

68
Q

A procedure in which tissue is destroyed by freezing it with liquid nitrogen.

A

Cryotherapy

69
Q

A male dog with one or both testicles retained in the abdomen or the inguinal area instead of in the scrotum.

A

Cryptorchid

70
Q

Computerized tomography, a diagnostic X-Ray procedure that produces cross-sectional views of a body structure. CT scans may be available only at veterinary referral centers. Sometimes called CAT scan, an acronym for computer-assisted tomography.

A

CT scan

71
Q

A bluish discoloration of the gums and tongue due to inadequate oxygen in the blood.

A

Cyanosis

72
Q

The microscopic examination of cells to determine the cause of a disease.

A

Cytology

73
Q

The mother of a puppy.

A

Dam

74
Q

Loss of memory and reasoning power characterized by varying degrees of confusion, disorientation, apathy, and stupor.

A

Dementia

75
Q

Loss of dark color in the skin caused by destruction of melanin-producing cells. Depigmented areas are shades of white.

A

Depigmentation

76
Q

A marked decrease in activity in which the dog withdraws, spends most of her time lying down, is disinteresting in her surroundings, and exhibits little or no interest in eating.

A

Depression

77
Q

The sensitive connective tissue layer of the skin located below the epidermis.

A

Dermis

78
Q

Vestigial toes; the equivalent of a fifth digit high on the inside of each foot. Normally present on the front feet, unless they are removed. Double dewclaws are required by breed standards on the back feet of Briards, Great Pyrenees, and Icelandic Sheepdogs.

A

Dewclaws

79
Q

The third stage in the estrous cycle, also called the literal phase, which begins when the female refused to stand for mating. It lasts, on average, about 60 days, then merges with anestrus.

A

Diestrus

80
Q

A gene is dominant if it alone is capable of determining the expression of a particular trait.

A

Dominant

81
Q

The first part of the small intestines, after the stomach.

A

Duodenum

82
Q

Abnormal performance of an organ or system.

A

Dysfunction

83
Q

Painful and/or difficult swallowing.

A

Dysphasia

84
Q

Developmentally malformed.

A

Dysplastic

85
Q

Painful and/or difficult urination.

A

Dysuria

86
Q

Loss of the products of conception before 28 days gestation, often by internal resorption so that no external evidence of the loss is found.

A

Early embryonic loss

87
Q

Electrocardiogram; the readings from an electrocardiograph, which measures the changes in electrical currents associated with heart activity. An ECG is used to measure heart function and detect abnormalities. Sometimes called EKG.

A

ECG

88
Q

A test that uses plain and Doppler ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves) to create a computerized image of structures within the heart and a detail of blood flow. The procedure that uses and echocardiogram to diagnosis heart disease is called echocardiography.

A

Echocardiogram

89
Q

The accumulation of fluid beneath the skin or within an organ.

A

Edema

90
Q

Electroencephalography; a procedure that records the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex. It is used to diagnosis epilepsy, tumors, and brain diseases. It is only available at some veterinary referral centers.

A

EEG

91
Q

The total volume of semen emitted by the stud dog during breeding.

A

Ejaculate

92
Q

The use of an electric probe to destroy tissue using heat.

A

Electrocautery

93
Q

Sodium, chloride, potassium, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals required organ functioning.

A

Electrolytes

94
Q

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, a serologic test used to detect antibodies to a protein, such as those associated with a bacteria or virus.

A

ELISA

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