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Vet Assisting > Vet Assisting Block 3 > Flashcards

Vet Assisting Block 3 Flashcards

1
Q

In house testing

A

Any test done at veterinary clinic
Can take minutes or hours
Blood work, fecal smear/float, urinalysis

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2
Q

Off site testing

A

Packaged and sent to different laboratory for analysis - huge variety of testing options

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3
Q

What can VOAs do in some clinics to prepare blood work

A

Prepare samples
Package samples
Assist with lab work

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4
Q

Safety procedures when working with blood samples

A

Wear gloves when handling samples

Wash blood afterwards

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5
Q

Disposal of blood tubes

A 
Anything sharp (glass slides, glass tubes) go into sharps containers 
Everything else into garbage
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6
Q

How long to keep blood samples

A

Kept for a while until confirmed no longer needed

Don’t throw away without asking

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7
Q

What is a binocular microscope used for

A

To look at small objects (blood cells, parasites)

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8
Q

Why do you keep a microscope cover on when it’s not in use?

A

Protects equipment, reduces dust

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9
Q

Cleaning a binocular microscope

A

Clean lens with lens paper and lens cleaner if needed (or small amount of alcohol)
SM amount of immersion oil with oil lens (enhances ability to see)
Clean off oil with lens paper with every use
Only use oil with immersion oil lens
Follow recommended instructions for cleaning

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10
Q

3 rules when using a centrifuge

A

Always balance a centrifuge before turning on
Always lock lid
Never try to stop or slow down a turning centrifuge

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11
Q

How to balance a centrifuge

A

Balance with equal volume tubes (usually filled with water)

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12
Q

Microhematocrit centrifuge

A

Small tubes (PCV tubes)

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13
Q

Standard sized centrifuge

A

Variable rpm /timer

Fixed slant or swinging bucket head

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14
Q

Fixed slant

A

Held at a fixed angle

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15
Q

Swinging bucket heads

A

One hinge

Tube moves outward during rotation

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16
Q

Refractometer

A

Clean after each use
Need to calibrate to 0 weekly with distilled water
Keep track of this to make sure it’s being done weekly
Need to measure specific gravity (usually of urine samples)

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17
Q

Blood analyzers

A

Wet or dry depending on regents used

Chemicals/agents

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18
Q

Wet blood analyzers

A

Regents (liquids)

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19
Q

Dry blood analyzers

A

Test strips

Usually kept in fridge

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20
Q

Do blood analyzers have an expiry date?

A

Yes, you always need to be checking for these

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21
Q

Single use blood analyzers

A

Urine chemistry strip analyzer

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22
Q

Multiple use blood analyzer

A

Blood machines; runs blood profiles , sometimes many tests
Stationary (large machines)
Portable (small machines)

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23
Q

Cleaning multi use blood analyzers

A

Follow instructions
Record when you calibrate
Notify manager if machine won’t calibrate

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24
Q

Commercial test kits

A

Single use test kits testing for one or multiple diseases

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25
Q

SNAP test commercial test kits

A

Parco snap test

Ready in a snap

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26
Q

How to use commercial test kit

A

Read instructions for each individual kit

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27
Q

Storing commercial test kits

A

As recommended (some in fridge or at room temperature)

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28
Q

Problems with stains

A

Can precipitate (clump into solid)
Or evaporate
Keep tightly capped to reduce evaporation
Reduce precipitate by filtering through filter paper into a clean container
Stains everything it touches (gloves, protective clothing)

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29
Q

Reagant + test strips

A

Dated, check expiry dates
Keep tightly capped/away from light and fumes
Go over how to read urine test strips in case needed
Do not centrifuge
Use at room temperature (in fridge, allow time to warm up)
Use pipette/syringe to put drops of urine onto test strip
Turn on side with paper towel to remove excess
Time matters! Read results (compare colors) between 1-2 minutes

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30
Q

Fecal containers

A

May be sent home with client for collection

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31
Q

Fecal float

A

Stool placed in fecal float device and filled with fecasol solution , cover slip placed on top
Wait ten minutes then put on microscope slide and read results
Some clinics centrifuge sample first (more accurate)

32
Q

Importance of recording results accurately and making sure vet is aware of results

A

Always record results and let vet know
Voa calls if results are normal, vet calls if abnormal results
Vet needs to be notified asap if abnormal results

33
Q

Materials needed to run specific tests

A

Each test requires different samples/materials (blood, stool, reagent, test strips)
Make sure everything is labeled

34
Q

Different types of blood tubes

A

Plasma, serum
Different tubes for in house vs sent out
Will need to be centrifuged
Clean up, put materials away

35
Q

Plasma tubes

A

Edta tube (purple)

36
Q

Serum tube

A

Yellow/red/green

37
Q

Tray for ear mites

A

Cotton tipped applicator
Microscope slide
Microscope
Pencil to label

38
Q

Skin mites tray

A 
Scalpel blade 
Slide 
Microscope 
Mineral oil 
Cover slip 
Pencil
39
Q

Flea tray

A 
Roll of clear tape (adult) 
Comb for dirt 
Paper towel 
Water 
Pencil for slide
40
Q

Lice tray

A 
Comb 
Hemostat 
Microscope 
Microscope slide 
Tape 
Pencil
41
Q

Ticks tray

A 
Container 
Moist cotton ball 
Tube with no additives 
Label 
Tick twister
42
Q

Fungus tray

A

Fungal culture plate
Scalpel
Hemostats**
Pen, label , date

43
Q

3 ways to examine feces for endoparasites

A

1) gross exam
2) fecal smear
3) fecal flotation

44
Q

Two types of flotation

A

Centrifuge technique + ovassay (more common)
OVA/egg lighter than fecal solution, float to top
Can transfer to people, store in fridge

45
Q

Materials for fecal float

A

Fecal solution
Ovassay kit
Coverslips
Microscope slides

46
Q

Blood collection supplies

A 
Lab form 
What blood work needed (tubes/equipment will vary) 
Sterile needle/syringe (3cc and 22G) 
Butterfly needle/catheter (22 or 25g) 
Appropriate blood collection tubes 
Alcohol 
\+/- clippers, exam gloves 
Tourniquet 
Pen to label tubes and fill out forms
47
Q

Common location for venipuncture

A

Jugular
Cephalic
Femoral
Saphenous

48
Q

Red blood tubes

A

No anti coagulant

Serum samples

49
Q

Gold/yellow/tiger tubes

A

Clot activator with gel

Serum

50
Q

Lavender/purple tubes

A

EDTA anti-coagulant

Plasma

51
Q

Green tubes

A

Lithium/heparin anticoagulant

Plasma

52
Q

White tubes

A

EDTA k2 /clot activator with gel

53
Q

Light blue

A

Sodium citrate

Serum

54
Q

Hemolysis

A

The breaking open of RBC + release of their contents

55
Q

How can hemolysis occur

A 
Too rough mixing blood 
Too much pressure 
Difficult collection (animal struggles) 
Wrong needle size 
Too much suction on needle
56
Q

How to prevent hemolysis

A

Have appropriate supplies handy and use good restrain methods. Gently handle blood after collection

57
Q

What can alter test results

A

Stress
Feeding
Fluids
Drugs

58
Q

Serum

A

Fluid component removed from clotted blood (after centrifuged)

59
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid part of unclothed blood

60
Q

Where should blood collection be done

A

Treatment area away from owners

61
Q

CBC

A

Complete blood count

62
Q

Blood smear

A

Looks at cell morphology (RBC, WBC, platelet)

Healthy, diseased?

63
Q

PCV

A

Packed cell volume
Hematocrit
Measures RBC amount in refractometer

64
Q

Plasma/serum/protein concentration

A

Amount of protein in plasma

Use a refractometer

65
Q

WBC

A

Amount of different types of WBC
Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
Varies with infections, stress , allergic

66
Q

RBC

A

Red blood cell count

Machine count of RBC component

67
Q

Platelet determination

A

Machine giving platelet count

68
Q

How can CBC be done

A

Blood smear / microscope
Blood machine
Examination of blood smear can’t be done in machine

69
Q

Know if blood sample sent to lab, or in house

A

If off site obtain patient history

Prepare blood tubes and smear before sending to lab

70
Q

How to prepare/package samples for shipment

A 
Use correct tubes 
Centrifuge serum before shipping 
Keep blood in fridge until pick up 
Call lab to arrange pick up 
Sent with cold pack before shipping 
Air dry and label
71
Q

Lab samples lab

A 
Patient name 
Date 
Client name 
Sample type 
Initials 
Species
72
Q

In house testing

A 
Correct tubes 
Centrifuge 
Use correct machine/reagant 
Not expired reagant 
Lab smear prepared 
Store in fridge until ready
73
Q

PCV

A

Percentage of RBc in whole unclothed blood
Microhematocrit tubes/centrifuge and card Reader for PCV
Balance centrifuge
Put tube into blood and draw to 3/4 mark
Place finger over top to stop leakage
Put end of tube into grey sealant to prevent leakage
Prepare second tube with = amount of water to balance centrifuge
Tighten and run centrifuge
Use card reader
Dark layer =plasma white layer=WBC

74
Q

Refractometer

A

Measures refractive index (ratio of bending of light rays in air to bending of light rays in solution)
Calibrate daily with distilled water
Use pipette
Blood and urine

75
Q

Samples required for snap

A

Serum, plasma, whole blood, saliva, feces

76
Q

What does snap measure

A

Antigen-antibody color which results in color change

Heartworm, felv/five, 4Dx-ticks, Parvo, giardia, T4

Vet Assisting (3 decks)

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