Vestigial Features and Taxonomy (2/28) Flashcards
Ontogeny
embryonic and post embryonic development of an individual organism
Branchial Arches
vertebrates have no gills as adults but have gill arches as embryo;
in humans these develop in to different structures such as middle ear bones, eustachian tube, carotid, etc.)
Pseudogenes
“dead” genes that no longer function
What are some characteristics/traits that are no longer expressed in phenotype?
Mutations may have changed the gene so that a functional protein can no longer be made or the control genes (Hox Genes) have been deactivated
Prokaryotes
bacteria and archae;
- small cell size
- DNA is in a circular loop
- organelles are absent
NO NUCLEUS
Eukaryotes
protists, plants, animals
- large cell size
- DNA is in chromosomes in nucleus
- organelles are located in mitochondria and chloroplasts
NUCLEUS
Linnean Hierarchy
a way to organize the diversity of life
- created by Carolus Linneaus
Taxonomy
the ordered naming and division of organisms
Phylogeny
the evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species
Systematics
classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships using fossils, molecular and genetic data to infer evolutionary relationships
Binomial Nomenclature for Naming Taxa (genus species)
the 2 part scientific name of a species = BINOMIAL
Genus
the first part of the name
- first letter is capitalized and the entire species name is italicized
Specific Epithet
second part of the scientific name; is unique for each species within the genus
Homologous Structure
structurally similar adapted to serve different functions, reflects shared inheritance and common ancestry (ex. arms)
Analogous Structure
structurally dissimilar features adapted to serve the same function
- does NOT reflect common ancestry
(ex. wings)
