Vestibular system and auditory nerve disorders Flashcards
What is Cochlear Nerve Deficiency (CND)?
A congenital disorder where the cochlear nerve is absent or underdeveloped, affecting sound transmission.
What is an Acoustic Neuroma?
A non-cancerous Schwannoma that grows on the vestibular nerve but can affect hearing, balance, and facial nerves.
What are the main symptoms of an Acoustic Neuroma?
Unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, dizziness, and facial numbness.
How is an Acoustic Neuroma treated?
Surgical removal or monitoring based on size and symptoms.
What is Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2)?
A genetic disorder (autosomal dominant) that causes multiple neuromas, typically leading to bilateral hearing loss.
Why is hearing preservation difficult in NF2?
Tumors affect both ears, and surgery may further damage hearing.
What is Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)?
A disorder where outer hair cells (OHCs) function normally, but inner hair cells (IHCs) or the cochlear nerve do not fire properly.
What are risk factors for Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (ANSD)?
Prematurity and hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice).
What is Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD)?
A disorder where the brain has difficulty processing auditory signals despite normal hearing sensitivity.
What are symptoms of CAPD?
Difficulty understanding speech in noise, problems with auditory memory, and trouble localizing sounds.
What is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)?
A vestibular disorder caused by displaced calcium deposits (otoconia) in the semicircular canals, leading to false signals of movement.
What are the symptoms of BPPV?
Brief episodes of vertigo triggered by head movements.
How is BPPV treated?
Canalith repositioning maneuvers (Epley maneuver).
What is Mal de Debarquement Syndrome?
A condition where a person experiences persistent motion sensations after leaving a ship or similar moving environment.
What is Labyrinthitis?
Inflammation of the inner ear (labyrinth), often due to a viral or bacterial infection, causing dizziness and hearing loss.
What is Vestibular Neuritis?
Inflammation of the vestibular nerve, leading to sudden dizziness and balance issues but without hearing loss.
What is Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency?
Restricted blood flow to the inner ear and brainstem, a common cause of dizziness in the elderly. 👵🏼👴🏼
What are vestibular disorders commonly associated with other ear disorders?
Acoustic neuroma, Meniere’s disease, otosclerosis, ototoxicity, and autoimmune inner ear disease.
What functions do vestibular disorders affect?
Balance, spatial awareness, locomotion, and general well-being.
