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Neuro II > Vestibular A&P > Flashcards

Vestibular A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major functions of the vestibular system?

A
  • Estimate body position and movement
  • Postural control
  • Control eye movement related to head movement
  • Autonomic function and consciousness
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2
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system tasked with as it relates to vestibular function?

A
  • Stabilize images during head movement to allow for clear vision
  • Maintain postural stability esp during movement of head
  • provide information for spatial orientation
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3
Q

What is inside the bony labyrinth?

A

perilymphatic fluid and supportive connective tissue

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the bony labyrinth?

A

protection and communication with CFS via cochlear aqueduct

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5
Q

What lies within the vestibular labyrinth?

A

bony and membranous labyrinths

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6
Q

What is inside the membranous labyrinth?

A

Endolymph fluid, vestibule, and semicircular canals

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7
Q

What lies within the vestibule?

A

otolith organs: utricle and saccule

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8
Q

What is the function of the otolith organs?

A

relay info about linear acceleration/deceleration of head/neck + static head position

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9
Q

Utricle detects movement in the ________ plane.

A

horizontal

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10
Q

Saccule detects movement in the _______ plane.

A

vertical

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11
Q

Otolith organs are _________ to gravity

A

relative

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12
Q

How do otolith organs detect movement?

A

movement relative to gravity is detected by the movement of sterocilia/kinocilium; otoconia increase the sensitivity of the movement.

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13
Q

Movement of stereocilia TOWARD kinocilium is _______ (what movement of head?)

A

excitatory (backward tilt/forward acceleration)

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14
Q

Movement of stereocilia AWAY from kinocilium is ________ (what movement of head?)

A

inhibitory (forward tilt/backward acceleration)

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15
Q

How do otoliths achieve full spatial representation with regard to movement detection?

A

positioning of kinocilium and stereocilia provides complete representation for all planes of movement

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16
Q

What is the function of the semi-circular canals?

A

relay info about angular velocity of head

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17
Q

Are the semicircular canals typically gravity independent or dependent?

A

Gravity independent

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18
Q

What is the ampulla and what is it’s functional relevance?

A

bulbous formation at the start/end of each canal

Houses the cupula which holds the stereocilia

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19
Q

Explain the relevance to the directional flow of endolymph fluid in the semicircular canals.

A

head movement > movement of endolymph in corresponding canal > movement of hair cells in ampulla > depolarization/hyperpolarization

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20
Q

Utriculopedal

A

movement of endolymph toward the utricle

“pedal towards your destination”

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21
Q

Utriculofugal

A

movement of endolymph away from the utricle

“Frugal = stay away from spending”

22
Q

Utriculopedal is excitatory for the ____ canal and inhibitory for the ____ canal

A

Utriculopedal is excitatory for the HORIZONTAL canal and inhibitory for the ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR canal

23
Q

Utriculofugal is excitatory for the ____ canal and inhibitory for the ____ canal

A

Utriculofugal is excitatory for the ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR canal and inhibitory for the HORIZONTAL canal

24
Q

Explain how the R/L semicircular canals are paired. What movment is each canal most sensitive too?

A

R + L horizontal canals (30º head tilt + turning L/R)
R anterior + L posterior (45º from midline R, “yes” motion)
L anterior + R posterior (45º from midline L, “yes” motion)

25
Q

What is the major source of vascularization for the vestibular system?

A

Labyrinthine artery off the AICA

26
Q

What are the two branches of the labyrinthine artery and main areas they supply?

A
  • Anterior vestibular a. (vestibular n., utricle, ampullae of anterior and horizontal SCC)
  • Common Cochlear a. (cochlea, ampulla of posterior SCC, saccule)
27
Q

What are the 3 main vestibular reflexes?

A
  • Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)
  • Vestibulospinal Reflex (VSR)
  • Vestibulocollic Reflex (VCR)
28
Q

Vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR)

A

generates eye movements that enable clear vision while head is in motion

29
Q

Vestibulospinal Reflex (VSR)

A

Generates compensatory body movement to maintain head and postural stability.

30
Q

Vestibulocollic Reflex (VCR)

A

Acts on neck musculature to stabilize head.

31
Q

How is normal VOR quantified?

A

Normal VOR Gain = -1

32
Q

Vestibulospinal Reflex (VSR)

A
  • head tilts to side
  • Ipsi. SCC/otolith excitation
  • ↑ input from vestibular nerve > vestibular nuclei ipsilaterally
  • MVST/LVST descending drive to truncal muscles.
  • ↑ lateral truncal extension ipsilaterally/↑ truncal flexion contralaterally
33
Q

Three Cervical Reflexes

A
  • Cervico-ocular reflex (COR)
  • Cervicospinal Reflex (CSR)
  • Cervicocollic Reflex (CCR)
34
Q

Cervico-ocular reflex

A
  • Interacts closely with VOR
  • Eye movements driven by neck proprioceptors
35
Q

Cervicospinal reflex

A

Changes in limb position drive by neck afferent activity

36
Q

Cervicocollic Reflex

A

Helps stabilize head on body, changes in neck position = afferent input > contralateral reflexive contraction of appropriate neck muscles

37
Q

What is the general purpose of the cervical reflexes?

A

They supplement the vestibular reflexes

38
Q

What is the function of the central vestibular system?

A

relays information about:
- eye movement control for gaze stability during movement. (oculomotor)
- Postural control and movement (brainstem)
- Spatial orientation (cortex)
- Autonomic nervous system control

39
Q

What are the four vestibular nuclei?

A
  • Lateral nucleus
  • Medial nucleus
  • Superior nucleus
  • Inferior nucleus
40
Q

Lateral Nucleus function

A

Prinicple vestibular relay

41
Q

Medial nucleus

A

VOR/VSR relay

42
Q

Superior Nucleus

A

VOR relay

43
Q

Inferior Nucleus

A

Cerebellar and reticular formation relay

44
Q

Function of the lateral vestibulospinal tract.

A
  • Head and body position in space.
  • Walking upright
  • Righting and equilibrium reactions

PONS > thoracic spinal cord to extensor musculature

45
Q

Function of Medial Vestibulospinal tract

A
  • Head movements
  • Integrating head and eye movementa

Medulla > cervical spinal cord extensor musculature

46
Q

How is the cerebellum involved in vestibular function?

A
  • VOR/VSR suppression (Flocculonodular node)
  • Vestibulocerebellar tract: error correcting mechanism, intended v. actual movement
  • Cerebellar-Cortical Loop: adaptation of postural responses based on prior experiences (lynx, airport walkways)
47
Q

What cortical areas are associated with vestibular function? What are each of their
functions?

A
  • Parieto-Insular Vestibular Cortex: PIVC
  • Medial Superior Temporal Region
  • Ventral Intraparietal Region
48
Q

Parieto-Insular Vestibular Cortex (PIVC) function

A

Receives input from cerebellum and vestibular nuclei via the thalamus about visual, somatosensory, and vestibular integration.

49
Q

Medial Superior Temporal Region Function

A
  • Visuo-vestibular integration
  • Self-motion perception
50
Q

Ventral Intraparietal Region Function

A
  • Spatial orientation
  • Proprioceptive, auditory, visual, tactile, vestibular integration

Neuro II (17 decks)

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