vesseles

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

Elastic: low resistance, no constriction, elastic fibers, act as pressure reservoir
Muscular: deliver to organs,can constrict,smooth muscle,elastic fiber
Arterioles: maintain resistance

Question 2

Capillaries

Answer 2

-supply all cells but cartilage, epithelial, cornea and lens of eye
- pericyte: spider shaped stem cells stabilize capillary wall, control permeability, role in BV repair

Question 3

Three types of capillaries

Answer 3

continuous: Lungs, muscles, CNS, skin
Fenestrated: kidneys, Gut( intestines)
sinusoidal: Spleen, liver, adrenal medulla, bone marrow

Question 4

Capillary beds

Answer 4

• when arterioles dilate, blood flows through cap. When constricted, no flow here
  key terms: terminal arterial, post-capillary venule

Question 5

Veins

Answer 5

• carry blood to the heart
• has all tunics, but thinner to form larger lumen
  media thin, externa thick
• venules form from merge of capillaries
• consist of endotherlium+few pericytes(similar to capillaries)
  -allow WBCs inside

Question 6

Veins have lower blood pressure + rate of flow

Answer 6

• large diameter lumen = lower resistance
  -venouse valves ( mostly in limbs, orevent back flow)
• skeletal+smooth muscle contract to help move blood through veins aswell

Question 7

Vasa Vasorum

Answer 7

found within tunica externa and provide BV walls with blood( O2 =energy)

Question 8

Blood vessel issues

Answer 8

-varicose veins
- dilated, painful veins->heredity+ conditions that inhibit venous return
- elevated Venous pressure
- varicosities in ones ass are callled hemorrhoids and are caused by constipation
- defective valves

Question 9

Anastomosis

Answer 9

connection created between tubular structures such as blood vessels or loops of intestine

Question 10

Anastomonsis Types

Answer 10

Vascular-> interconnections of BV
arterial->connections between arteries to ensure blood gets to wanted location even with a block
- common in joints, ab organ, brain, heart
- nine in kidney, retina, spleen
venous->hella abundant so occluded vein rarely have a problem

Question 11

Blood flow

Answer 11

volume of blood flowing through vessel organ or entire circulation in a period of time

Question 12

Blood pressure

Answer 12

force per unit area exerted on wall of BV by blood

Question 13

Resistance

Answer 13

opposition of flow

Question 14

Three Types of resistance impactors

Answer 14

Viscosity ↑, resistance ↑
Vessel length↑, resistance ↑
Vessel diameter ↑, resistance ↓
-small diameter arterioles are major contributors
power of 4 rule
- diameter /2
- resistance x 2^4=16

Question 15

Blood flow calculations

Answer 15

F=blood flow
∆P= blood pressure
R= resistance
F=∆P/R
*R is more importent to local blood flow

Question 16

systemic pressure

Answer 16

• Highest in aorta
• steepest drop in arterioles

Question 17

BP reg. in arteries

Answer 17

• elasticity
• volume of blood forced inside
• BP near heart is pulsatile so it rises and falls with each beat

Question 18

Mean arterial Pressure ( MAP )

Answer 18

• pressure that propels blood to tissues
  MAP= diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure
  pulse pressure= systolic-diastolic
  blood pressure= systolic/ diastolic -> 120/80 is normal

Question 19

what is a pulse

Answer 19

• Throbbing of artery during systolic ventricular contraction

Question 20

Measuring Blood pressure

Answer 20

-stethoscope or other auscultatory methods using sphygmomanometer
- Examiner listens for sounds of Korotoff

Question 21

Korotoff sounds

Answer 21

Korotkoff sounds are generated when a blood pressure cuff changes the flow of blood through the artery

Question 22

ideal results blood pressure

Answer 22

systolic: less then 120mmHg
- sound first occurs when blood spurts through artery
diastolic: less than 80mmHg
- sounds disapper as artery no longer constricted

Question 23

Capillary BP regulation

Answer 23

-beginning of bed 35mmHg
_End of bed 17mmHg

Question 24

Low capillary pressure is desirable

Answer 24

• High BP can rupture capillary
  -capillaries high permeable

Question 25

Venouse BP regulation

Answer 25

promoted by
- skeletal muscle
- respiratory system
- smooth muscle
- Valves

Question 26

BP and cardiac output

Answer 26

Three main factors of BP regulations
- cardiac output
- peripheral resistance
- blood volume