Vertigo Flashcards
What is vertigo?
the false sensation that the body or environment is moving
name 3 causes of vertigo?
Multiple sclerosis
Trauma
Ototoxicity
Drug that can cause ototoxicity and vertigo subsequently
Gentamicin
4 conditions of vertigo
1) Viral Labyrinthitis/Vestibular Neuronitis
2) Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
3) Acoustic neuroma
4) Meniere’s disease
Cause of vestibular neuronitis
occurs following a viral infection causing inflammation of the vestibular nerve
vertigo related features of Vestibular neuronitis
sudden onset of recurrent vertigo attacks lasting hours or days
associated features of vestibular neuronitis
- nausea + vomiting
- horrizontal nystagmus
- no hearing loss or tinnitus
management of vestibular neuronitis for chronic symptoms
vestibular rehabilitation exercises
medical management of vestibular neuronitis
betahistine
what is BPPV characteristed by?
sudden onset of dizziness and vertigo triggered by changes in head position
average age of onset of BPPV
55 years old
length of BPPV vertigo episodes
10-20 seconds
manoeuvre to test BPPV
Dix-Hallpike
manoeuvre to manage BPP{V
Epley manoeuvre
Important condition to consider when a patient presents with unilateral tinnitus?
Intracranial tumour
another name for Acoustic neuroma?
Vestibular schwannoma
investigation required for a patient presenting with unilateral tinnitus?
MRI of cerebellopontine angle
bilateral acoustic neuromas seen in which condition?
neurofibromatosis t2
Finding with acoustic neuroma compressive CN VII
facial palsy
Finding with acoustic neuroma compressing CN V
absent corneal reflex
Finding with acoustic neuroma compressing VIII
- hearing loss
- tinnitus
- vertigo
what is the pathology of Meniere’s disease characterised by?
excessive pressure + dilatation of the endolymphatic system
triad of Meniere’s disease
- recurrent episodes of vertigo
- tinnitus
- sensorineural hearing loss
other features of Meniere’s diseas
- sensation of aural fullness
- nystagmus
- positive rhomberg’s test
