Vertigo

Question 1

What is vertigo?

Answer 1

the false sensation that the body or environment is moving

Question 2

name 3 causes of vertigo?

Answer 2

Multiple sclerosis
Trauma
Ototoxicity

Question 3

Drug that can cause ototoxicity and vertigo subsequently

Answer 3

Gentamicin

Question 4

4 conditions of vertigo

Answer 4

1) Viral Labyrinthitis/Vestibular Neuronitis
2) Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
3) Acoustic neuroma
4) Meniere’s disease

Question 5

Cause of vestibular neuronitis

Answer 5

occurs following a viral infection causing inflammation of the vestibular nerve

Question 6

vertigo related features of Vestibular neuronitis

Answer 6

sudden onset of recurrent vertigo attacks lasting hours or days

Question 7

associated features of vestibular neuronitis

Answer 7

• nausea + vomiting
• horrizontal nystagmus
• no hearing loss or tinnitus

Question 8

management of vestibular neuronitis for chronic symptoms

Answer 8

vestibular rehabilitation exercises

Question 9

medical management of vestibular neuronitis

Answer 9

betahistine

Question 10

what is BPPV characteristed by?

Answer 10

sudden onset of dizziness and vertigo triggered by changes in head position

Question 11

average age of onset of BPPV

Answer 11

55 years old

Question 12

length of BPPV vertigo episodes

Answer 12

10-20 seconds

Question 13

manoeuvre to test BPPV

Answer 13

Dix-Hallpike

Question 14

manoeuvre to manage BPP{V

Answer 14

Epley manoeuvre

Question 15

Important condition to consider when a patient presents with unilateral tinnitus?

Answer 15

Intracranial tumour

Question 16

another name for Acoustic neuroma?

Answer 16

Vestibular schwannoma

Question 17

investigation required for a patient presenting with unilateral tinnitus?

Answer 17

MRI of cerebellopontine angle

Question 18

bilateral acoustic neuromas seen in which condition?

Answer 18

neurofibromatosis t2

Question 19

Finding with acoustic neuroma compressive CN VII

Answer 19

facial palsy

Question 20

Finding with acoustic neuroma compressing CN V

Answer 20

absent corneal reflex

Question 21

Finding with acoustic neuroma compressing VIII

Answer 21

• hearing loss
• tinnitus
• vertigo

Question 22

what is the pathology of Meniere’s disease characterised by?

Answer 22

excessive pressure + dilatation of the endolymphatic system

Question 23

triad of Meniere’s disease

Answer 23

• recurrent episodes of vertigo
• tinnitus
• sensorineural hearing loss

Question 24

other features of Meniere’s diseas

Answer 24

• sensation of aural fullness
• nystagmus
• positive rhomberg’s test

Question 25

Management of acute attacks in Meniere’s disease

Answer 25

Buccal/intranasal prochloroperazine

Question 26

prevention of Meniere’s disease

Answer 26

betahistine
+
vestibular rehabilitation exercises