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Unit 3 > Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, and Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Vertebral Column, Spinal Cord, and Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What condition does this person have?

A

Kyphosis

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2
Q

What condition does this person have?

A

Lordosis

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3
Q

What condition does this person have?

A

Scoliosis

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4
Q

What structure is pictured below, and what are its parts?

A

Superior view of a cervical vertebra (3-7)

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5
Q

What structure is pictured below, and what are its parts?

A

Right lateral view of a cervical vertebra (3-7)

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6
Q

What structure is pictured below, and what are its parts?

A

Superior view of a thoracic vertrebra

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7
Q

What structure is pictured below, and what are its parts?

A

Right lateral view of a thoracic vertebra

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8
Q

What structure is pictured below, and what are its parts?

A

Superior view of a lumbar vertebra

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9
Q

What structure is pictured below, and what are its parts?

A

Right lateral view of a lumbar vertebra

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10
Q

What are the curvatures of the spine, and when do they develop?

A

Primary curvatures: thoracic and sacral, concave anteriorly. Develop during the embryonic period

Secondary curvatures: cervical and lumbar, concave posteriorly. Develop when an infant holds his/her head up and begins to walk, respectively

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11
Q

What ligament connects the lamina of two vertebrae?

A

Ligamentum flavum

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12
Q

In this section, what structure is missing its labels, and what are the labels?

A

Show below is an intervertebral disc.

The two parts that were missing labels are the nucleus pulposus and the anulus fibrosus.

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13
Q

What structures below are missing their labels?

A

The spinal ligaments

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14
Q

Against what injuries do the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments protect, respectively?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament: hyperextension (whiplash)

Posterial longitudinal ligament: hyperflexion

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15
Q

What are the spinal meninges?

A

Three layers that protect the spine. From outermost to innermost: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

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16
Q

Where does the spinal cord end in adults and children?

A

Adults: L1/L2

Children: L3/L4

17
Q

What is the extradural/epidural space?

A

The potential space between the bony vertebral canal and the dura mater. Contains the internal vertebral venous plexus. The site for some medical interventions, such as “epidurals” for women in labor.

18
Q

What is the subarachnoid space?

A

The space between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains CSF. The preferred site for a lumbar puncture.

19
Q

What and where is the lumbar cistern?

A

The preferred site of CSF withdrawal, since the spinal cord proper ends and the nerve roots of the cauda equina are mobile. Located in the subarachnoid space between L2 and S2.

20
Q

What landmark can be used to help determine the location of the lumbar cistern?

A

The peak of the iliac crests is about level with L4.

21
Q

What structures must be pierced in a lumbar puncture, and in what order?

A

Think: “Some Super Supra Long L E Ds Are Sexy.”

  • Skin
  • Superficial fascia
  • Supraspinous ligament
  • Ligament (Interspinous)
  • Ligamentum flavum
  • Epidural space containing the internal vertebral venous plexus
  • Dura mater
  • Arachnoid
  • Subarachnoid space containing CSF
22
Q

What structure is pictured below, and what are its parts?

A

Transverse section of the spinal cord

23
Q

What is the most common fracture mechanism in spinal cord injuries?

A

Hyperflexion, which can rupture posterior ligaments. Can be accompanied by fracture of the spinous process through compression.

24
Q

What is a common, negative outcome of diving injuries?

A

Vertical compression injuries. Usually a burst fracture at cervical level.

25
Q

What spinal cord injury can occur as a result of hyperextension?

A

Extension teardrop fracture. Manifests with a displaced anteroinferior bony fragment.

Occurs when the anterior longitudinal ligament pulls a bony fragment away from the inferior aspect of the vertebra because of the sudden hyperextension. The fragment is a true avulsion, in contrast to the flexion teardrop fracture in which the fragment is produced by compression.

26
Q

What kind of nerve fibers do spinal nerves contain?

A

Spinal nerves contain MIXED fibers: both afferent (motor) fibers from ventral roots and efferent (sensory) fibers from dorsal roots.

Spinal nerves quickly diverge into dorsal and ventral rami, which also contain mixed fibers.

27
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

The area of skin supplied by the sensory branches of a single spinal nerve.

Most dermatomes overlap, so destruction of a single spinal nerve will not cause complete numbness.

28
Q

What is a myotome?

A

The group of muscles (muscular fibers) innervated by the same spinal segment.

One muscle could be innervated by fibers originating in more than one spinal nerve.

29
Q

Label the structures below.

A

1) Trapezius
2) Latissimus dorsi
5) Levator scapulae
6) Rhomboid minor
7) Rhomboid major

Unit 3 (5 decks)

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