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Musculo II > Vertebral Column Overview > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Neurophysiological Effects

A
  1. Firing of articular mechanoreceptors/proprioceptors
  2. Firing of cutaneous and muscular receptors
  3. Altered nociception
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2
Q

Mechanical Effects

A
  1. Stretching of joint restrictions
  2. Breaking adhesions
  3. Altered positional relationships
  4. Diminish/eliminate barriers to normal motion
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3
Q

Psychological Effects

A
  1. Confidence gained through improvement
  2. Positive effects from manual contact
  3. Response to joint sounds
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4
Q

Indications for Joint Mobilizations

A
  • Improve loss of movement
  • Reduce closing or opening dysfunction
  • Restore normal articular relationships
  • Provide symptom relief and pain control
  • Enhance motor function
  • Improve nutrition to disk
  • Reduce muscle guarding
  • Develop patient confidence
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5
Q

Joint Mobilization ABSOULTE CONTRAINDICATIONS

A
  • Hypermobility
  • Joint inflammation/effusion
  • Hard end feel
  • Medically unstable
  • Acute pain
  • Acute radiculopathy
  • Bone disease or fracture
  • Spinal arthropathy
  • Deteriorating central nervous system
  • Status-post joint fusion
  • Blood clotting disorders
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6
Q

Joint Mobilization RELATIVE PRECAUTIONS

A
  • Malignancy
  • Total joint replacement
  • Bone disease not detectable on radiograph
  • Systemic connective tissue disorder
  • Pregnancy or immediately postpartum
  • Recent trauma, radiculopathy
  • In early healing phase
  • In individuals unable to communicate
  • Psychogenic patients
  • Corticosteroid use
  • Skin rashes or open wounds
  • Elevated pain levels
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7
Q

Number of Total Vertebra

A

29 (33)

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8
Q

Number of Cervical Vertebra

A

7

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9
Q

Number of Thoracic Vertebra

A

12

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10
Q

Number of Lumbar Vertebra

A

5

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11
Q

Number of Sacral Vertebra

A

5

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12
Q

Number of Coccygeal Vertebra

A

4

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13
Q

Vertebral Motion Segment?

A

Facet joints connecting together

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14
Q

Three Separate Joints

A

2 facet joints and 1 vertebral body

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15
Q

Pairs of Facet Joints

A

24

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16
Q

Type of Facet Joint

A

Planar

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17
Q

Upper Cervical Spine Facets Orient

A

Horizontal

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18
Q

Lower Cervical Spine Facets Orient

A

45 degrees

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19
Q

Z Joints/Uncovertebral Joints Are Made of What Process?

A

Uncinate Process

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20
Q

This Process Limits Side-Bending and Posterior Translation?

A

Uncinate Process

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21
Q

Articular Surfaces are Covered In?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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22
Q

Thoracic Facet Orient

A

Vertical

23
Q

Lumbar Facet Orient

A

Vertical with a J-shape surface

24
Q

Intervertebral Disk

A

Thicker in the front (anterior) for cervical and lumbar to create lordosis

25
Q

Major Stressor to the Disk

A
  • Axonal Compression
  • Shearing
  • Bending
  • Twisting
26
Q

Static Spinal Stability

A

State of equilibrium

Zero velocity

27
Q

Dynamic Spinal Stability

A

Implies a change over time with constant velocity

28
Q

Passive System

A

Anatomical structures contributing to stability

29
Q

Active System

A

Muscles, source of active stiffness

30
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Feedforward and feedback control

31
Q

Neutral Zone

A

Defines a region of laxity around the neutral resting position of a spinal segment
- Minimal loading is occurring in the passive and active structures

32
Q

Position Best for Training Patients

A

Neutral spinal positions

33
Q

Amount of Motion Variables

A
  • Disk-Vertebral height ratio
  • Compliance of fibrocartilage
  • Dimension/Shape of adjacent vertebral end plates
  • Age
  • Disease
  • Gender
34
Q

Upper Cervical Coupling Motion

A

To the opposite side (Rotation left, side-bending right)

35
Q

Lower Cervical Coupling Motion

A

To the same side (Rotation left, side-bending left)

36
Q

Facet Joint Movement in Lower Cervical

A

Glides up and forward or down and back

37
Q

Fryette’s First Law

A

Standing in a neutral position and side bend to the RIGHT, rotation will be LEFT

38
Q

Fryette’s Second Law

A

When flexed and side bend RIGHT, rotation will be RIGHT

39
Q

Fryette’s Third Law

A

When flexed other motions will be decreased

40
Q

Can’t Close

A

Restriction of extension, side-bending, and rotation to the same side of pain
- Closing restriction

41
Q

Can’t Open

A

Restriction of flexion, side-bending, and rotation to the opposite side of pain
- Opening restriction

42
Q

Diseases Affecting Upper Cervical

A

Down Syndrome and Arnold Chari Syndrome

43
Q

Region in Cervical Where Majority of Rotation Occurs?

A

C1-C2

44
Q

Atlanto-Occipital Joint

A

C0-C1
**Flexion and Side-bending occurs
“Yes and Maybe” movement

45
Q

Atlanto-Axial Joint

A

C1-C2
**Rotation occurs
“No” movement

46
Q

Ligament Preventing Dens From Going Posterior Into Spinal Cord?

A

Transverse Ligament

47
Q

Cervicobrachial Region

A

C3-C7

48
Q

Symptoms of Injury in C3-C7

A
  • Neck and/or arm pain
  • Headaches
  • Restricted ROM
  • Paresthesia
  • Altered myotomes and dermatomes
  • Radicular sign
49
Q

Joint of Luschka

A

Limits Flexion

Uncus gives saddle form to aspect of cervical vertebra

50
Q

Percentage of Height in Cervical Spine Made From Discs?

A

25%

51
Q

Nucleus Pulposus

A

Buffers axial compression by distributing compressive forces

52
Q

Annulus Fibrosus

A

Withstands tension in disc

53
Q

T or F

Cervical Nerve Roots Come Out Above Vertebra?

A

TRUE

C4 Nerve Root Comes out between C3 and C4

Musculo II (3 decks)

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