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Radt. 3044 > Vertebral Column Notes > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Notes Flashcards

1
Q

vertebrae also called-

A

spine

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2
Q

vertebrae forms-

A

central axis of skeleton

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3
Q

functions of vertebrae (4)-

A

-holding up body
-structural support for skull/trunk
-muscle attachment
-protection of spinal cord

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4
Q

vertebra composed of-

A

small bone segments called vertebra

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5
Q

each vertebra is divided by-

A

fibrocartilage disks

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6
Q

each vertebra held together by-

A

ligaments that allows flexibility in all directions

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7
Q

number of vertebrae-

A

33

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8
Q

number of cervical vertebrae-

A

7

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9
Q

number of thoracic vertebrae-

A

12

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10
Q

number of lumbar vertebrae-

A

5

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11
Q

number of sacral vertebrae-

A

5

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12
Q

number of coccygeal vertebrae-

A

3-5 (average is 4)

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13
Q

first 24 segments remain-

A

individual

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14
Q

first 24 segments of vertebrae called-

A

true vertebrae

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15
Q

sacral & coccygeal form into 2 segments-

A

sacrum & coccyx

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16
Q

sacral & coccygeal vertebrae also called-

A

false vertebrae

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17
Q

4 curves of the spine when viewed laterally-

A

-cervical
-thoracic
-lumbar
-pelvic

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18
Q

4 curves of the spine also referred to as-

A

convex/concave anteriorly

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19
Q

____ & _____ convex anteriorly-

A

cervical & lumbar

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20
Q

convex curves of cervical & lumbar also called-

A

lordotic curves

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21
Q

____ & ____ concave anteriorly-

A

thoracic & pelvic

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22
Q

concave curves of thoracic & pelvic vertebrae also called-

A

kyphotic curves

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23
Q

kyphosis-

A

-abnormal increase/curvature/concavity of thoracic spine
-termed kyphotic curved enhanced

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24
Q

lordosis-

A

abnormal increase/curvature/convexity in lumbar spine

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25
Q

normally, the spine lies in-

A

MSP

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26
Q

scoliosis-

A

abnormal lateral curvature & rotation

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27
Q

thoracic & pelvic vertebrae also called-

A

primary curves (in the same position from birth)

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28
Q

cervical & lumbar vertebrae also called-

A

secondary curves (they develop after birth)

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29
Q

2 parts of vertebrae-

A

-body (typical body)
-vertebral arch

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30
Q

body & arch of the vertebrae form-

A

a large opening called the vertebral foramen

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31
Q

articulated columns of the vertebrae put together are called-

A

vertebral foramina

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32
Q

vertebral foramina form-

A

the vertebral canal which incases the entire spinal cord

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33
Q

shape of the vertebral body-

A

cylindrical

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34
Q

vertebral column is mostly-

A

cancellous bone covered in a layer of compact tissue

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35
Q

superior & inferior aspects of the vertebral bodies separated by-

A

intervertebral disks

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36
Q

intervertebral disk spaces form-

A

cartilaginous into vertebral joints

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37
Q

each disk space has-

A

simi gelatinous material inner portion

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38
Q

simi gelatinous material in the inner portion of each disk space is called-

A

nucleus pulposus

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39
Q

nucleus pulpous surrounded by-

A

tougher cartilage layer called annulus fibrosis

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40
Q

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus-

A

nucleus pulposus ruptures/protrudes into the vertebral canal & pinches the spinal nerve

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41
Q

vertebral arch formed by-

A

2 pedicles & 2 laminae

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42
Q

vertebral arch forms the-

A

actual circle of the arch

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43
Q

vertebral arch supports-

A

-4 articular processes
-2 transverse processes
-1 spinous process

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44
Q

pedicles-

A

short, thick process that projects posteriorly from each side of the body

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45
Q

pedicles have concave areas on-

A

top & bottom

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46
Q

superior & inferior articular processes-

A

concave areas just posterior to pedicles

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47
Q

z-joints connections-

A

b/w inferior & superior articular processes of each articulating vertebrae

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48
Q

intervertebral foramina-

A

concavities of pedicles leave openings where spinal nerves & blood vessels exit spinal column

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49
Q

transverse process-

A

-projects laterally & posteriorly
-junction point of pedicles & laminae on each side

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50
Q

broad, flat laminae-

A

-project from pedicles posteriorly & medially
-meet at the center of the vertebrae

51
Q

spinous processes-

A

-projects posteriorly & inferiorly
-at midpoint of vertebral arch

52
Q

spina bifida-

A

-failure of laminae to join posteriorly in the midline
-in severe cases will allow spinal cord to protrude

53
Q

vertebral articulations (2 types)-

A

-intervertebral joints
-z-joints

54
Q

intervertebral joints-

A

-joints b/w intervertebral joints
-cartilagous synthesis joints
-each point gives slight movement, but as a whole allows for considerable movement

55
Q

z-joints-

A

-joints b/w arches
-synovial gliding joints (permit free movement)
-movement permitted by entire vertebral column

56
Q

movements of the z-joints (4)-

A

-flexion
-extension
-lateral flexion
-rotation

57
Q

another name for C1-

A

atlas

58
Q

cervical vertebrae shape-

A

ring-like structure w: no body

59
Q

length of cervical spinous processes-

A

very short

60
Q

atlas consists of-

A

-anterior & posterior arch
-2 transverse processes
-2 lateral masses

61
Q

arches of cervical extend-

A

b/w each of the masses

62
Q

anterior/posterior transverse Atlanta ligament-

A

separates into 2 parts

63
Q

anterior portion of cervical ring receives-

A

dens/odontoid process of C2

64
Q

posterior portion of cervical houses the-

A

spinal cord

65
Q

each lateral mass of the cervical has-

A

-transverse process projecting on each side
-superior & inferior articular process
-facet

66
Q

cervical are the only ones that have-

A

transverse foramen

67
Q

another name for C2-

A

axis

68
Q

Dens (Odontiod process)-

A

C2 vertebrae that has a chronicle process rising from the upper surface

69
Q

C2 acts as-

A

a pivot for C1

70
Q

located on each side of the dens are-

A

superior articular processes

71
Q

superior articular processes of the dens connect to-

A

lateral masses of C1

72
Q

inferior surface of C2 connect to-

A

C3

73
Q

1st set of z-joints located in-

A

C2

74
Q

z-joints of C1 & C2 viewed from-

A

AP perspective

75
Q

C7 also called-

A

vertebral prominence

76
Q

C7 is also called vertebral prominence because-

A

-it has a long prominent spinous process that projects almost horizontally
-is palpable at the base of the neck

77
Q

vertebral process of C7 used to locate-

A

C7/T1 interspace

78
Q

transverse foramina allow for transmission of-

A

vertebral artery & vein

79
Q

spinous process of typical vertebrae has ____ on ends-

A

bifid tips

80
Q

transverse processes of C3-C7 arise from-

A

the body & the arch

81
Q

the processes of C3-C7 are-

A

very short & wide w: small transverse foramina

82
Q

C3-C7 has a deep concavity on the upper surface for-

A

passage of spinal nerves

83
Q

superior & inferior tips of C3-C7 are located-

A

posterior to the transverse processes where pedicles & laminae unite

84
Q

on the superior & inferior tips of C3-C7, pedicles & laminae unite & form-

A

articular pillars which lead to z-joints b/w the vertebrae

85
Q

z-joints sit at an angle to-

A

MSP

86
Q

on the c-spine, z-joints are best seen-

A

-at 90*
-on a lateral projection

87
Q

intervertebral foramina sit-

A

-45* angle from MSP
-15* from horizontal

88
Q

intervertebral foramina best seen-

A

45* oblique w: a 15* cephalic angle

89
Q

special articulations of the cervical-

A

-b/w atlas & occipital
-b/w _____ (synovial, ellipsoidal joint

90
Q

name given to the special articulations of the cervical-

A

Atlanta occipital

91
Q

technique that can be used for a lateral c-spine instead of a grid-

A

airgat

92
Q

postero/lateral-

A

b/w the side & the back

93
Q

thoracic vertebrae also have costal facets for-

A

articulation w: heads of the ribs

94
Q

w: exception of T11 & T12, each transverse process also has a facet for-

A

connection of the tubercle w: the ribs

95
Q

in the T-spine, z-joints angle to form _____ within MCP & _____ within MSP-

A

-15-20 within MCP
-70-75 within MSP

96
Q

in a T-spine, z-joints are best seen-

A

in an oblique

97
Q

in the T-spine, are ____ to MSP-

A

perpendicular

98
Q

in the T-spine, intervertebral foramina are best seen-

A

in a lateral

99
Q

transverse processes of the L-spine are similar to-

A

those of the thoracic

100
Q

spinous processes in the L-spine are ____, ____, & ____-

A

large, thick, & blunt

101
Q

pars interarticularis (L-Spine)-

A

space b/w superior & inferior articular processes

102
Q

on the L-spine, connections b/w superior & inferior articular processes are-

A

z-joints

103
Q

z-joints in the L-spine sit ___ from MSP-

A

30-60 angle

104
Q

z-joints of the L-spine best seen-

A

in a 45* oblique

105
Q

intervertebral foramina of the L-spine sit _____ to MSP-

A

at a right angle

106
Q

intervertebral foramina of the L-spine best seen-

A

in a lateral

107
Q

spondylolisthesis-

A

acquired defect of pars interarticularis

108
Q

sacrum formed by-

A

the fusion of 5 sacral segments into a curved triangular bone

109
Q

sacrum is a-

A

wedge b/w the 2 iliac bones of the pelvis

110
Q

size & degree of curvature of the sacrum varies-

A

-greatly w: different patients
-more curved in females than males

111
Q

superior surface of the sacrum is called-

A

base

112
Q

sacral promontory-

A

on the anterior surface front of the base is a prominent ridge/protrusion

113
Q

sacral canal-

A

-directly behind fused vertebral bodies
-a continuation of the vertebral canal
-contains & transmits sacral nerves

114
Q

on the anterior/posterior walls of the sacral canal, there are-

A

perforated by 4 pair of pelvic/savral foramina for passage of sacral nerves & vessels

115
Q

alae-

A

wing like structures on each side of the sacral base

116
Q

on the lateral surface of the sacrum are-

A

articular surfaces (joints) for connections w: the ilia

117
Q

inferior surface of the sacrum-

A

-termed the apex
-has an oval facet at the bottom for connection w: the coccyx

118
Q

coccyx composed of-

A

3-5 rudimentary vertebrae (avg. is 4)

119
Q

superior portion of the coccyx called-

A

base

120
Q

inferior portion of the coccyx called-

A

apex

121
Q

coccyx forms-

A

articulations of the sacrum

122
Q

coccyx curves-

A

anteriorly

123
Q

SI Joints-

A

connections b/w sacrum & iliac column

124
Q

SI Joints lie _____ from MSP-

A

25-30

Radt. 3044 (5 decks)

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