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Anatomy > Vertebral Column And Development > Flashcards

Vertebral Column And Development Flashcards

1
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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2
Q

How many corresponding cervical spinal nerves are there?

A

8

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3
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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4
Q

How many corresponding thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

12

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5
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

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6
Q

How many corresponding lumbar spinal nerves are there?

A

5

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7
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5 (fused)

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8
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

A

3-5 (fused)

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9
Q

Where is most of your body weight in relation to your vertebral column?

A

Anterior to your vertebral column

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10
Q

Why are there curvatures in your spine?

A

Better flexibility, better able to resist compressive load of body weight

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11
Q

What curvatures are primary (present prior to birth/fetal)?

A

Thoracic and sacral (kyphosis)

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12
Q

What is kyphosis?

A

Curvature that is concave anteriorly

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13
Q

What curvatures are secondary (develop after birth)?

A

Cervical and lumbar (lordosis)

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14
Q

What is lordosis?

A

Curvature that is convex anteriorly

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15
Q

When does cervical curvature occur?

A

When infants begin holding their head up

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16
Q

When does lumbar curvature form?

A

When infants begin to walk

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17
Q

Name three abnormal curvatures of the spine

A

Excessive kyphosis, excessive lordosis, scoliosis

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18
Q

Which vertebrae have the largest body?

A

Lumbar

19
Q

Which vertebrae have the largest vertebral canal?

A

Cervical

20
Q

Which vertebrae have the smallest vertebral canal?

A

Lumbar

21
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

L1

22
Q

Which vertebrae have costal facets?

A

Thoracic

23
Q

What features do lumbar vertebrae lack?

A

Costal facets and transverse foremen

24
Q

What do intervertebral discs (IVD) do?

A

Link adjacent vertebral bodies/provide cushioning, increase range of motion, transmit loads from one segment to another, absorb shock

25
Q

What are the two parts of the intervertebral discs?

A

Anulus fibrosis and nucleus purposes

26
Q

What does the anulus fibrosis do?

A

Limits rotation between bodies providing strength/stability through alternating fiber orientation

27
Q

What does the nucleus pulposus (of the IVD) do?

A

Adds to flexibility

28
Q

Is the nucleus pulposus avascular or vascular?

A

Avascular - it receives its nutrients from diffusion

29
Q

What embryonic structure is the nucleus pulposus remnant of?

A

Embryonic notochord

30
Q

Where is the Atlanto-occipital joint located?

A

Between superior articulate facets of C1 and occipital condyles

31
Q

What sort of movement does the Atlanta-occipital joint allow for?

A

Primarily flexion; some extension, lateral flexion, rotation

32
Q

What is unique about the Atlanto-occipital joint?

A

It is missing a body and there is no intervertebral disc

33
Q

Where are the uncovertebral joints located?

A

Uncinate processes of C3-C7 and body superior

34
Q

What is a common abnormality in the uncovertebral joints?

A

Bone spurs (osteophytes) that may compress the nerve and artery

35
Q

Where do spinal nerves exit the vertebrae?

A

Intervertebral foramen

36
Q

What determines range of motion in Zygapophyseal joints?

A

Orientation of articular facets

37
Q

What is the orientation of the articular facets in the cervical zygapophyseal joints?

A

Near horizontal, sloped

38
Q

What motion occurs in the cervical zygapophyseal joints?

A

Promotes flexion/extension with some lateral extension. Limits rotation.

39
Q

What is the most mobile region of the vertebrae?

A

Cervical

40
Q

Why are cervical vertebrae the most mobile?

A

There is not as much soft tissue limiting motion, and the intervertebral discs are larger

41
Q

What is the orientation of the articular facets in the thoracic zygapophyseal joints?

A

Near vertical

42
Q

What motion occurs in the thoracic zygapophyseal joints?

A

Rotation. Limits flexion, extension, and lateral flexion due to overlapping spinous processes and rib cage

43
Q

How are the articular facets of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints oriented?

A

Wrapped orientation

44
Q

What motion occurs in the lumbar zygapophyseal joints?

A

Flexion/Extension with some Lateral Flexion. Limits rotation.

Anatomy (4 decks)

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