vertebral column 2

Question 1

what do intervertebral discs do?

Answer 1

• separate the bodies of
  adjacent vertebrae
• bind the vertebrae together and
  distributes forces, uniformly over the entire
  surface of vertebrae
• has 23 discs, acc 20-25% of length of vertebral column

Question 2

what is annulus fibrosus and nucleus fibrosus in intervertebral discs?

Answer 2

• Has an outer Fibrocartilageous ring
• central
  gelatinous part

Question 3

what are anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments of vertebral column?

Answer 3

• Anterior longitudinal
  ligament prevents
  hyperextension
• Posterior longitudinal
  ligaments prevent
  hyperflexion

Question 4

what is the supraspinal ligament?

Answer 4

• Interconnects the apices of the
  spinous processes
• Prevents hyperflexion

Question 5

what is the ligamentum nuchae?

Answer 5

• superior extension of
  supraspinal ligament b/n C7 and
  the external occipital protuberance
• Prevents hyperflexion and
  maintains cervical curvature

Question 6

what is the inter-spinal ligament?

Answer 6

• Interconnects adjacent spinous
  processes from their root to the
  apex
• restricts hyperflexion

Question 7

what is ligamentum flavum (yellow ligament)?

Answer 7

• Connects the laminae of the
  vertebral arches( extends from
  the lamina above to lamina
  below)
• Prevents hyperflexion and
  helps to maintain the normal
  curvatures

Question 8

what are the 4 joints of the vertebral column?

Answer 8

• Intervertebral joints
• Craniovertebral (atlantoaxial
  and atlanto-occipital) joints.
• Costovertebral joints
• Sacroiliac joints

Question 9

what are the joints of vertebral bodies of intervertebral joints?

Answer 9

• joints between the vertebral bodies are symphyses
• Vertebras are connected by IV discs and ligaments

Question 10

what are the joints of vertebral arches of intervertebral joints?

Answer 10

• Zygopophysial/facet joints
• Synovial joints between superior & inferior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae

Question 11

what is atlanto-occipital joint in craniovertebral joints?

Answer 11

• condyloid synovial joint b/n atlas and occipital bone
• allows flexion and extension (yes movement)

Question 12

what is median atlantoaxial joint?

Answer 12

• Pivot synovial
• Allows rotation- NO movement

Question 13

what is lateral atlantoaxial joint?

Answer 13

• Between superior and inferior
  articular facets
• Plane synovial

Question 14

what are the three movements of vertebral column?

Answer 14

• flexion and extension
• lateral flexion
• rotation

Question 15

what is the primary curve?

Answer 15

during intrauterine life column shows a C-shaped concavity to the ventral side

Question 16

what 4 curves do adults have?

Answer 16

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar and pelvic curve

Question 17

what is the difference between thoracic/sacral curves and cervical/lumbar curves?

Answer 17

• Thoracic and sacral curves are
  concave anteriorly
• cervical and lumbar curves are
  concave posteriorly