VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Question 1

How many regions is the spinal cord divided into?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

why did this curvation occur

Answer 2

cause of human adaptation to upright bipedal locomotion

Question 3

name the division of regions as well as their curvatures

Answer 3

Cervical spine – cervical lordosis
* Thoracic spine – thoracic kyphosis
* Lumbar spine – lumbar lordosis
* Sacral spine – sacral kyphosis

Question 4

what is the collective name given to the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions of the spinal column

Answer 4

presacral spine

Question 5

what are the basic elements whcih all vertebra consists of and what are the exceptions?

Answer 5

• A vertebral body
• A vertebral arch
• A spinous process
• Two transverse processes (called costal processes in the lumbar vertebrae)
• Four articular processes
  exceptions- atlas and axis

Question 6

functions of the processes

Answer 6

attachment to muscles and ligaments

Question 7

what do the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae contain?

Answer 7

costovertebral joints

Question 8

what do the vertebral bodies and arches enclose?

Answer 8

the vertebral foramen

Question 9

what is the vertebral canal constituted of?

Answer 9

all of the vertebral foramina. note singular foramen, plural: foramina

Question 10

number of the cervical spines

Answer 10

7

Question 11

name of the first cervical spine

Answer 11

atlas

Question 12

name of the second cervical spines

Answer 12

axis

Question 13

the function of atlas and axis

Answer 13

for bearing the weight of the head and allowing the head to move in all directions

Question 14

the shape of the vertebral body in cervical vertebrae

Answer 14

saddle shaped

Question 15

use of the vertebral canal

Answer 15

serves as a protective conduit for the spinal cord and as an exit point of the cervical nerve roots.

Question 16

what does the transverse foramen consist of in cervical vertebrae

Answer 16

union of the anterior and posterior tubercle

Question 17

why do the thoracic vertebrae consist of bodies and transverse processes that bear corresponding cartilage-covered articular surfaces (costal facets on the transverse processes, also superior and inferior costal facets)?

Answer 17

Because these vertebrae give attachment to the
ribs

Question 18

what is the transverse processes in the lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 18

costal elements, also known as costal processes

Question 19

what does the rudimentary rib form in the sacral vertebra

Answer 19

the anterior portion of the lateral part of the sacral vertebra.