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FOM Anatomy: Upper Extremities and Vertebral Column > Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

There are ____ bones that run from the ____ to the _____.

They are linked by

A

There are 33 bones that run from the skull to the pelvis and they are linked by a series of ligaments

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2
Q

primary function of the vertebral column

A
  1. protection for the spinal cord
  2. support for and movement of the trunk (ex: rounding back)
  3. site for muscle attachments and lever for muscle mechanical advantage
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3
Q

cervical vertebrae

A
  1. C1 to C7
  2. C1 nerve exits above the C1 vertebra - between the skull and the C1
  3. C2 to C8 exits below the vertebral body above
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4
Q

where would C3 nerve exit from in reference to the vertebrae

A

C3 nerve would exit from below C2 vertebrae

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5
Q

How many vertebral bodies + where does each spinal nerve exit from in the following

Thoracic vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

Sacrum

A

T1 to T12

L1 to L5

S1 to S5

each spinal nerve exits below the same numbered vertebrae

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6
Q

where would the T5 spinal nerve exit from?

A

It would exit from below the T5 vertebrae

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7
Q

which fetal vertebral column regions are maintained

A

the thoracic and the sacrococcygeal (sacrum)

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8
Q

primary curvature vs secondary curvature

when do these develop?

A

primary curvature = concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly

-developed in the fetus

secondary curvature = convex anteriorly

  1. cervical curve appears when infant begins to support it’s head
  2. lumbar curve appears when child begins to walk upright = helps balance trunk on the pelvis
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9
Q

Components of a typical vertebrae + their functions

A

vertebral body = weight bearing part of the vertebrae

pedicles + lamina = attach to the vertebral body (they meet at the midline to form this arch)

vertebral foramen = surround the body anteriorly, and the arch posteriorly

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10
Q

vertebral canal

A

in a vertical series = the vertebral foramen form a vertebral canal which houses and protects the spinal cord

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11
Q

lateral view - label anterior/ posterior sides as well

A

each vertebra has two superior and two inferior articular processes

– articular processes contain articular facets

these are still components of a typical vertebra

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12
Q

zygapophysial joints

A

the facets one vertebra articulates with the facets of an adjacent vertebra (above or below) and form these joints

also known as a facet joint

these are still components of a typical vertebra

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13
Q

bilateral view

A

two superior and two inferior vertebral notches

the inferior vertebral notches of a superior vertebra PLUS the superior vertebra notches of an inferior vertebra form the intervertebral (IV) foramen

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14
Q

the intervertebral (IV) foramen

A

the inferior vertebral notches of a superior vertebra PLUS the superior vertebra notches of an inferior vertebra

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15
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

vertebral body

A

smaller body, wider across mediolaterally

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16
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

vertebral foramen

A

large and triangular in shape

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17
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

Transverse Processes

A

short and give rise to a

  • anterior and posterior tubercle (for muscle attachment)
18
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

Anterior and Posterior Tubercle

A

for muscle attachments

  • attached to cervicle transverse processes
19
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

Transverse foramen

A

present for passage of vertebral artery (important arterial supply to the brain)

20
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

articular facets

A

short and oriented between front and horizontal planes

– allows for large amounts of motion

– including flexion/ extension at the sagittal plane, horizontal rotation, and flexion/ side bend

21
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

spinous processes

A

short and bifid

– divided by a notch = two parts

22
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

Vertebral Body

A

heart shaped body

– about as wide mediolaterally as it is deep anteroposteriorly

23
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

Vertebral Foramen

A

Round

24
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

Costal Facets

A

present on the vertebral bodies and transverse processes for articulation with head and neck of the ribs

superior and inferior articular facets = coronal plane

– this allows for flexion/extension, horizontal rotation, lateral flexion

superior = posterior; inferior = anterior

25
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

Spinous Processes

A

long and project inferiorly

they overlap over each = limit hyperextension

26
Q

Lumbar

Vertebral Body

A

Large body, kidney shaped

– wider mediolaterally

– narrower anteroposteriorly

27
Q

Lumbar

Vertebral Foramen

A

triangle shaped, SMALL

28
Q

Lumbar

Superior Facets vs Inferior Facets

A

superior = face posteromedially

inferior = face anterolaterally

29
Q

Lumbar

Mammillary Processes

A

project from posterior surface of the superior articular processes

– site of muscle attachment for deep back muscles (multifidi)

30
Q

Lumbar

Accessory Processes

A

located at posteroinferior aspect of root of transverse processes

– site of muscle attachment for deep back muscles (intertransverse)

31
Q

Lumbar

the superior and inferior facets project ____

A

vertically

they are oriented in the sagittal plane

32
Q

Orientation of lumbar articular facets allows for

A

sagittal plane flexion and extension

33
Q

lumbar facet orientation limits

A

horizontal rotation

– after a few degrees of rotation the inferior articular facet of the superior vertebra abuts the superior articular facet of the inferior vertebrae

34
Q

C1

A

Atlas

  • lacks a spinous a body + spinous process
  • consists of an anterior arch, posterior arch, and lateral mass
  • has concave superior articular facets = elongated anteroposteriorly for articulation with occipital condyles of the skull
  • inferior aritcular facets that articulate with the axis
  • flexion and extension = facilitated between ocipital condyles and C1 vertebrae
35
Q

C2

A

Axis

– has “dens” = project superiorly to articulate with the very small body of the atlas

– atlas pivots or tilts about the dens during motion and facilitates cervical rotation

36
Q

Sacral Vertebrae

A

5 sacral vertebrae

– fuse together to form sacrum = transmit weight of upper body to lower limb

37
Q

Coccygeal Vertebrae

A

four small vertebrae fuse into a triangular shaped bone called the coccyx

= base of the coccyx articulates with the apex of the sacrum

38
Q

sacral promontory

A

– anterior edge of S1 vertebrae called

39
Q

Sacral Vertebrae - Why large articular facet on lateral sides?

A

these provide auricular surfaces for articulation with ilia of os coxae or coxal bones

40
Q

Sacral canal

A

protects cauda equina of the spinal cord

cadua equina (roots of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves, which form a bundle within the lowest part of the spinal column)

41
Q

Sacral Haitus

A

failure of the last sacral segment to fuse posteriorly results in this normal gap

FOM Anatomy: Upper Extremities and Vertebral Column (1 decks)

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