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Vert Bio- Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Levator

A

elevate; moves body to superior position

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2
Q

Depressor

A

Lowers bone in vertical plane

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3
Q

Extension

A

To open, or unfold. increase angle of a joint

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4
Q

Hyperextension

A

Increase angle of joint beyond normal

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5
Q

Flexion

A

Fold or decrease angle between bones/body regions

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6
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

Trunk/neck: movement in frontal plane away from median. Side bending.

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7
Q

Adduction

A

Pull toward midline

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8
Q

Abduction

A

Pull away from midline

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9
Q

Lateral Rotation

A

Movement in transverse plane that takes part of body outward

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10
Q

Medial Rotation

A

Movement in transverse plane. Takes part of body inward

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11
Q

Pronate

A

Turn ventral side down

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12
Q

Supinate

A

Turn ventral side up

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13
Q

Constrict

A

Contract circular muscle

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14
Q

Dilate

A

Relax circular muscle

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15
Q

Protract

A

Drag forward in horizontal plane

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16
Q

Retract

A

Drag back in horizontal plane

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17
Q

Red muscle fibers

A

aerobic. High myoglobin

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18
Q

White muscle fibers

A

Larger. Strong. Anaerobic

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19
Q

Hyobranchial muscles

A

Open the mouth/expand gill chambler

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20
Q

Branchiomeric muscles

A

Movement of gills in primitive jawless fishes

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21
Q

Trunk muscles

A

Epaxial of the shark-metameric design. Have myomeres and are seperated by myosepta

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22
Q

Hypaxial muscles

A

run along horizontal septum. Lateral undulation.

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23
Q

Branchiomeric 1st arch of the cat

A

Became: Masster, Temporalis, Anterior digastric, mylohyoid. MAMT

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24
Q

Branchiomeric 1st arch of the shark

A

Became: Adductor mandibulae, leveator palatoquadrati, spiracularis, intermandibularis
SALI

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25
Q

Branchiomeric 2nd arch

A

Shark: Levator hyomandibulae, interhyoideus
2nd= hyoid
Cat: GONE

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26
Q

Branchiomeric 3rd-7th arches

A

Shark: Cucullaris, dorsal and ventral constrictors
CuDV
Cat: Clavotrapezius, Acromiotrapezius, Sinotrapezius, Sternomastoid
CASS

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27
Q

Hypobranchial of the Shark

A 
Coracomandibularis
Coracohyoid
coracoarcuals
Coracobranchials
Just give up on this one
CCCC
28
Q

Hypobranchial of the cat

A

Geniohyoid

Sternohyoid

29
Q

Epaxial, shark

A

Dorsal longitudinal bundles, myomeres

30
Q

Hypaxial, shark

A

Lateral longitudinal bundles, myomeres

Ventral longitudinal bundles, myomeres

31
Q

Expaxial, cat

A

Multifidus spinae

Longissimus dorsi

32
Q

Hypaxial, cat

A

Serratus ventralis and rhomboideus

External oblique and rectus abdominus

33
Q

Pectoral, dorsal of the appendicular shark

A

pectoral extensors

34
Q

Pectoral, dorsal of the appendicular cat

A

latssimus dorsi and teres major

Acromiodeltoid and spinodeltoid

35
Q

Pectoral, vental of the appendicular shark

A

pectoral flexors

36
Q

Pectoral, vental of the appendicular cat

A

Pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

37
Q

Pelvic, dorsal of the appendicular shark

A

pelvic extensors

38
Q

Pelvic, dorsal of the appendicular cat

A

Gluteus maximus and Gluteus medius

Sartorius and Vastus lateralis

39
Q

Pelvic, ventral of the appendicular shark

A

Pelvic flexors

40
Q

Pelvic, ventral of the appendicular cat

A

biceps femoris and gracilis

adductor femoris and semimembranosus

41
Q

Constrictor muscles of fish function

A

Compression of the gill pouches

42
Q

myomere

A

Section of muscle in fishes

43
Q

Cucullaris fuction

A

Elevates scapular process

44
Q

Spiracularis fuction

A

Elevates the palatoquadrate (upper jaw)

45
Q

Adductor mandibulae function

A

Elevates meckel’s cartilage (closes jaw)

46
Q

Hypobranchial muscles

A

Assist in opening the mouth and processing food

47
Q

Levator Palatoquadrati Function

A

Elevates the platoquadrate (upper jaw)

48
Q

Branchiomeric muscles

A

Muscles that control the jaw

49
Q

Epaxial muscles function

A

Dorsal. Control dorsal bullshit

50
Q

Hypaxial muscles function

A

Ventral. Control ventral bullshit

51
Q

Muscles involved when doing a sit-up

A

Rectus abdominus

Longissimus Dorsi

52
Q

Muscles involved in extending forearm

A

Triceps brachii long head

53
Q

Muscles involved in flexing forearm

A

Lateral head of triceps brachii

54
Q

Making fist muscles

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum superficialis-superficial head
Flexor digitorum profundus-humeral head

55
Q

Adducting thigh

A

Semi-membranosous
Adductor femoris
Adductor Longus
Pectineus

56
Q

Abducting thigh

A

Gluteus medeus and minimis
Tensor Fascia Latae
Sartorius
Biceps femoris

57
Q

Four muscles that make up quadriceps complex of the thigh?

A

Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Rectus Femoris

58
Q

Muscles involved in flexing toes

A

Flexor digitorum longus

59
Q

Muscles involved in extending toes

A

Extensor digitorum longus

60
Q

Achilles tendon muscle?

A

Gastrocnemius

61
Q

Achilles tendon insertion?

A

Calcaneous

62
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: Crest and ventral border of ilium
Insertion: Patella, tibia, fascia of the knee
Function: Adducts and rotates femur, Extends shank

63
Q

Gracilis

A

O: Symphysis of ischium and the pubis
I: Medial surface of tibia
F: Adducts and retracts the leg

64
Q

Semitendinous

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Tibia
F: Flexes the shank

65
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity and adjacent area of ischium
I: Medial epicondyle of femur, medial surface of tibia
F: extends the thigh

66
Q

Adductor Femoris

A

O: Pubis and Ischium
I: Femur
F: Adducts thigh

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