Verification

Question 1

manual testing

Answer 1

a human executes a program and verifies that it does what was intended

Question 2

automated testing

Answer 2

the test is run automatically by a computer

Question 3

manual analysis inspection

Answer 3

humans do it

Question 4

program analysis

Answer 4

computers do it

Question 5

empirical

Answer 5

manual testing and automated testing

Question 6

analytrical

Answer 6

inspection (manual) and program analysis (automated)

Question 7

defect

Answer 7

subset of a program’s code that exhibits behavior that violates a program’s specifications.

Question 8

failure

Answer 8

program behavior that results from a defect executing.

Question 9

bug

Answer 9

vaguely refers to either the defect, the failure, or both.

Question 10

test coverage

Answer 10

executing all of the possible control flow paths through the various conditionals in your program

Question 11

unit tests

Answer 11

verify that functions return the correct output.

Question 12

integration tests

Answer 12

verify that when all of the functionality of a program is put together into the final product, it behaves according to specifications. Integration tests often operate at the level of user interfaces, clicking buttons, entering text, submitting forms, and verifying that the expected feedback always occurs.

Question 13

regression tests

Answer 13

verify that behavior that previously worked doesn’t stop working.

Question 14

symbolic execution

Answer 14

verify all possible paths through the function, finding the paths that result in correct and incorrect values. called program analysis if automatic.

Question 15

The benefits of analysis is that it can demonstrate that

Answer 15

a program is correct in all cases.

Question 16

static analysis tool

Answer 16

popular type of automatic program analysis tools; These tools read programs and identify potential defects using the types of formal proofs. typically result in a set of warnings, each one requiring inspection by a developer to verify, since some of the warnings may be false positives

Question 17

Compilers verify the

Answer 17

syntax, grammar, and for statically-typed languages, the correctness of types.

Question 18

code reviews (inspections)

Answer 18

read the program analytically, following the control and data flow inside the code to look for defects.

Question 19

modern code reviews help

Answer 19

find defects, stimulate knowledge transfer between developers, increase team awareness, and help identify alternative implementations that can improve quality