Verbs Flashcards

Question

To die

Answer 1

Infinitive: • morire – moh-REE-reh — to die Gerund: • morendo – mo-REN-doh — dying ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io moro – I die – EE-oh MOH-roh • tu muori – you die (informal) – too MWOH-ree • lui/lei muore – he/she dies – LOO-ee / lay MWOH-reh • noi moriamo – we die – noy moh-REE-ah-moh • voi morite – you (pl.) die – voy moh-REE-teh • loro muoiono – they die – LOH-roh MWOH-yoh-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io sono morto/a – I died / have died – EE-oh SOH-noh MOR-toh / MOR-tah • tu sei morto/a – you died – too SAY MOR-toh / MOR-tah • lui/lei è morto/a – he/she died – LOO-ee / lay EH MOR-toh / MOR-tah • noi siamo morti/e – we died – noy see-AH-moh MOR-tee / MOR-teh • voi siete morti/e – you (pl.) died – voy see-EH-teh MOR-tee / MOR-teh • loro sono morti/e – they died – LOH-roh SOH-noh MOR-tee / MOR-teh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io morivo – I was dying / I used to die – EE-oh moh-REE-voh • tu morivi – you were dying – too moh-REE-vee • lui/lei moriva – he/she was dying – LOO-ee / lay moh-REE-vah • noi morivamo – we were dying – noy moh-REE-vah-moh • voi morivate – you (pl.) were dying – voy moh-REE-vah-teh • loro morivano – they were dying – LOH-roh moh-REE-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io morirò – I will die – EE-oh moh-ree-ROH • tu morirai – you will die – too moh-ree-RYE • lui/lei morirà – he/she will die – LOO-ee / lay moh-ree-RAH • noi moriremo – we will die – noy moh-ree-REH-moh • voi morirete – you (pl.) will die – voy moh-ree-REH-teh • loro moriranno – they will die – LOH-roh moh-ree-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io morirei – I would die – EE-oh moh-ree-REY • tu moriresti – you would die – too moh-ree-REST-ee • lui/lei morirebbe – he/she would die – LOO-ee / lay moh-ree-REHB-beh • noi moriremmo – we would die – noy moh-ree-REM-moh • voi morireste – you (pl.) would die – voy moh-ree-REST-teh • loro morirebbero – they would die – LOH-roh moh-ree-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io muoia – that I die – keh EE-oh MWOH-yah • che tu muoia – that you die – keh too MWOH-yah • che lui/lei muoia – that he/she dies – keh LOO-ee / lay MWOH-yah • che noi moriamo – that we die – keh noy moh-REE-ah-moh • che voi moriate – that you (pl.) die – keh voy moh-REE-ah-teh • che loro muoiano – that they die – keh LOH-roh MWOH-yah-noh ⸻ Imperative (Commands) • tu muori – die (informal, singular) – MWOH-ree • Lei muoia – die (formal, singular) – MWOH-yah • noi moriamo – let’s die – moh-REE-ah-moh • voi morite – die (plural) – moh-REE-teh • loro muoiano – let them die – MWOH-yah-noh

Answer 2

Infinitive: • mangiare – mahn-JAH-reh — to eat Gerund: • mangiando – mahn-JAHN-doh — eating ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io mangio – I eat – EE-oh MAHN-joh • tu mangi – you eat (informal) – too MAHN-jee • lui/lei mangia – he/she eats – LOO-ee / lay MAHN-jah • noi mangiamo – we eat – noy mahn-JAH-moh • voi mangiate – you (pl.) eat – voy mahn-JAH-teh • loro mangiano – they eat – LOH-roh MAHN-jah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho mangiato – I ate / have eaten – EE-oh oh mahn-JAH-toh • tu hai mangiato – you ate – too eye mahn-JAH-toh • lui/lei ha mangiato – he/she ate – LOO-ee / lay ah mahn-JAH-toh • noi abbiamo mangiato – we ate – noy ahb-BYAH-moh mahn-JAH-toh • voi avete mangiato – you (pl.) ate – voy ah-VEH-teh mahn-JAH-toh • loro hanno mangiato – they ate – LOH-roh AHN-noh mahn-JAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io mangiavo – I was eating / I used to eat – EE-oh mahn-JAH-voh • tu mangiavi – you were eating – too mahn-JAH-vee • lui/lei mangiava – he/she was eating – LOO-ee / lay mahn-JAH-vah • noi mangiavamo – we were eating – noy mahn-JAH-vah-moh • voi mangiavate – you (pl.) were eating – voy mahn-JAH-vah-teh • loro mangiavano – they were eating – LOH-roh mahn-JAH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io mangerò – I will eat – EE-oh mahn-jeh-ROH • tu mangerai – you will eat – too mahn-jeh-RYE • lui/lei mangerà – he/she will eat – LOO-ee / lay mahn-jeh-RAH • noi mangeremo – we will eat – noy mahn-jeh-REH-moh • voi mangerete – you (pl.) will eat – voy mahn-jeh-REH-teh • loro mangeranno – they will eat – LOH-roh mahn-jeh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io mangerei – I would eat – EE-oh mahn-jeh-REY • tu mangeresti – you would eat – too mahn-jeh-REST-ee • lui/lei mangerebbe – he/she would eat – LOO-ee / lay mahn-jeh-REHB-beh • noi mangeremmo – we would eat – noy mahn-jeh-REM-moh • voi mangereste – you (pl.) would eat – voy mahn-jeh-REST-teh • loro mangerebbero – they would eat – LOH-roh mahn-jeh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io mangi – that I eat – keh EE-oh MAHN-jee • che tu mangi – that you eat – keh too MAHN-jee • che lui/lei mangi – that he/she eats – keh LOO-ee / lay MAHN-jee • che noi mangiamo – that we eat – keh noy mahn-JEE-ah-moh • che voi mangiate – that you (pl.) eat – keh voy mahn-JEE-ah-teh • che loro mangino – that they eat – keh LOH-roh MAHN-jee-noh ⸻ Imperative (Commands) • tu mangia – eat (informal, singular) – MAHN-jah • Lei mangi – eat (formal, singular) – MAHN-jee • noi mangiamo – let’s eat – mahn-JEE-ah-moh • voi mangiate – eat (plural) – mahn-JEE-ah-teh • loro mangino – let them eat – MAHN-jee-noh

Answer 3

Infinitive: • bere – BEH-reh — to drink Gerund: • bevendo – beh-VEN-doh — drinking ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io bevo – I drink – EE-oh BEH-voh • tu bevi – you drink (informal) – too BEH-vee • lui/lei beve – he/she drinks – LOO-ee / lay BEH-veh • noi beviamo – we drink – noy beh-VEE-ah-moh • voi bevete – you (pl.) drink – voy beh-VEH-teh • loro bevono – they drink – LOH-roh BEH-voh-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho bevuto – I drank / have drunk – EE-oh oh beh-VOO-toh • tu hai bevuto – you drank – too eye beh-VOO-toh • lui/lei ha bevuto – he/she drank – LOO-ee / lay ah beh-VOO-toh • noi abbiamo bevuto – we drank – noy ahb-BYAH-moh beh-VOO-toh • voi avete bevuto – you (pl.) drank – voy ah-VEH-teh beh-VOO-toh • loro hanno bevuto – they drank – LOH-roh AHN-noh beh-VOO-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io bevevo – I was drinking / I used to drink – EE-oh beh-VEH-voh • tu bevevi – you were drinking – too beh-VEH-vee • lui/lei beveva – he/she was drinking – LOO-ee / lay beh-VEH-vah • noi bevevamo – we were drinking – noy beh-VEH-vah-moh • voi bevevate – you (pl.) were drinking – voy beh-VEH-vah-teh • loro bevevano – they were drinking – LOH-roh beh-VEH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io berrò – I will drink – EE-oh beh-ROH • tu berrai – you will drink – too beh-RYE • lui/lei berrà – he/she will drink – LOO-ee / lay beh-RAH • noi berremo – we will drink – noy beh-REH-moh • voi berrete – you (pl.) will drink – voy beh-REH-teh • loro berranno – they will drink – LOH-roh beh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io berrei – I would drink – EE-oh beh-RAY • tu berresti – you would drink – too beh-REST-ee • lui/lei berrebbe – he/she would drink – LOO-ee / lay beh-REHB-beh • noi berremmo – we would drink – noy beh-REHM-moh • voi berreste – you (pl.) would drink – voy beh-REST-teh • loro berrebbero – they would drink – LOH-roh beh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io beva – that I drink – keh EE-oh BEH-vah • che tu beva – that you drink – keh too BEH-vah • che lui/lei beva – that he/she drinks – keh LOO-ee / lay BEH-vah • che noi beviamo – that we drink – keh noy beh-VEE-ah-moh • che voi beviate – that you (pl.) drink – keh voy beh-VEE-ah-teh • che loro bevano – that they drink – keh LOH-roh BEH-vah-noh ⸻ Imperative (Commands) • tu bevi – drink (informal, singular) – BEH-vee • Lei beva – drink (formal, singular) – BEH-vah • noi beviamo – let’s drink – beh-VEE-ah-moh • voi bevete – drink (plural) – beh-VEH-teh • loro bevano – let them drink – BEH-vah-noh

Answer 4

Infinitive: • lavare – lah-VAH-reh — to wash Gerund: • lavando – lah-VAN-doh — washing ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io lavo – I wash – EE-oh LAH-voh • tu lavi – you wash (informal) – too LAH-vee • lui/lei lava – he/she washes – LOO-ee / lay LAH-vah • noi laviamo – we wash – noy lah-VEE-ah-moh • voi lavate – you (pl.) wash – voy lah-VAH-teh • loro lavano – they wash – LOH-roh LAH-vah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho lavato – I washed / have washed – EE-oh oh lah-VAH-toh • tu hai lavato – you washed – too eye lah-VAH-toh • lui/lei ha lavato – he/she washed – LOO-ee / lay ah lah-VAH-toh • noi abbiamo lavato – we washed – noy ahb-BYAH-moh lah-VAH-toh • voi avete lavato – you (pl.) washed – voy ah-VEH-teh lah-VAH-toh • loro hanno lavato – they washed – LOH-roh AHN-noh lah-VAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io lavavo – I was washing / I used to wash – EE-oh lah-VAH-voh • tu lavavi – you were washing – too lah-VAH-vee • lui/lei lavava – he/she was washing – LOO-ee / lay lah-VAH-vah • noi lavavamo – we were washing – noy lah-VAH-vah-moh • voi lavavate – you (pl.) were washing – voy lah-VAH-vah-teh • loro lavavano – they were washing – LOH-roh lah-VAH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io laverò – I will wash – EE-oh lah-veh-ROH • tu laverai – you will wash – too lah-veh-RYE • lui/lei laverà – he/she will wash – LOO-ee / lay lah-veh-RAH • noi laveremo – we will wash – noy lah-veh-REH-moh • voi laverete – you (pl.) will wash – voy lah-veh-REH-teh • loro laveranno – they will wash – LOH-roh lah-veh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io laverei – I would wash – EE-oh lah-veh-REY • tu laveresti – you would wash – too lah-veh-REST-ee • lui/lei laverebbe – he/she would wash – LOO-ee / lay lah-veh-REHB-beh • noi laveremmo – we would wash – noy lah-veh-REM-moh • voi lavereste – you (pl.) would wash – voy lah-veh-REST-teh • loro laverebbero – they would wash – LOH-roh lah-veh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io lavi – that I wash – keh EE-oh LAH-vee • che tu lavi – that you wash – keh too LAH-vee • che lui/lei lavi – that he/she washes – keh LOO-ee / lay LAH-vee • che noi laviamo – that we wash – keh noy lah-VEE-ah-moh • che voi laviate – that you (pl.) wash – keh voy lah-VEE-ah-teh • che loro lavino – that they wash – keh LOH-roh LAH-vee-noh ⸻ Imperative (Commands) • tu lava – wash (informal, singular) – LAH-vah • Lei lavi – wash (formal, singular) – LAH-vee • noi laviamo – let’s wash – lah-VEE-ah-moh • voi lavate – wash (plural) – lah-VAH-teh • loro lavino – let them wash – LAH-vee-noh

Answer 5

Infinitive: • pulire – poo-LEE-reh — to clean Gerund: • pulendo – poo-LEN-doh — cleaning ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io pulisco – I clean – EE-oh poo-LEES-koh • tu pulisci – you clean (informal) – too poo-LEESH-ee • lui/lei pulisce – he/she cleans – LOO-ee / lay poo-LEESH-eh • noi puliamo – we clean – noy poo-LEE-ah-moh • voi pulite – you (pl.) clean – voy poo-LEE-teh • loro puliscono – they clean – LOH-roh poo-LEES-koh-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho pulito – I cleaned / have cleaned – EE-oh oh poo-LEE-toh • tu hai pulito – you cleaned – too eye poo-LEE-toh • lui/lei ha pulito – he/she cleaned – LOO-ee / lay ah poo-LEE-toh • noi abbiamo pulito – we cleaned – noy ahb-BYAH-moh poo-LEE-toh • voi avete pulito – you (pl.) cleaned – voy ah-VEH-teh poo-LEE-toh • loro hanno pulito – they cleaned – LOH-roh AHN-noh poo-LEE-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io pulivo – I was cleaning / I used to clean – EE-oh poo-LEE-voh • tu pulivi – you were cleaning – too poo-LEE-vee • lui/lei puliva – he/she was cleaning – LOO-ee / lay poo-LEE-vah • noi pulivamo – we were cleaning – noy poo-LEE-vah-moh • voi pulivate – you (pl.) were cleaning – voy poo-LEE-vah-teh • loro pulivano – they were cleaning – LOH-roh poo-LEE-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io pulirò – I will clean – EE-oh poo-lee-ROH • tu pulirai – you will clean – too poo-lee-RYE • lui/lei pulirà – he/she will clean – LOO-ee / lay poo-lee-RAH • noi puliremo – we will clean – noy poo-lee-REH-moh • voi pulirete – you (pl.) will clean – voy poo-lee-REH-teh • loro puliranno – they will clean – LOH-roh poo-lee-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io pulirei – I would clean – EE-oh poo-lee-REY • tu puliresti – you would clean – too poo-lee-REST-ee • lui/lei pulirebbe – he/she would clean – LOO-ee / lay poo-lee-REHB-beh • noi puliremmo – we would clean – noy poo-lee-REM-moh • voi pulireste – you (pl.) would clean – voy poo-lee-REST-teh • loro pulirebbero – they would clean – LOH-roh poo-lee-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io pulisca – that I clean – keh EE-oh poo-LEES-kah • che tu pulisca – that you clean – keh too poo-LEES-kah • che lui/lei pulisca – that he/she cleans – keh LOO-ee / lay poo-LEES-kah • che noi puliamo – that we clean – keh noy poo-LEE-ah-moh • che voi puliate – that you (pl.) clean – keh voy poo-LEE-ah-teh • che loro puliscano – that they clean – keh LOH-roh poo-LEES-kah-noh ⸻ Imperative (Commands) • tu pulisci – clean (informal, singular) – poo-LEESH-ee • Lei pulisca – clean (formal, singular) – poo-LEES-kah • noi puliamo – let’s clean – poo-LEE-ah-moh • voi pulite – clean (plural) – poo-LEE-teh • loro puliscano – let them clean – poo-LEES-kah-noh

Answer 6

Infinitive: • vedere – veh-DEH-reh — to see Gerund: • vedendo – veh-DEN-doh — seeing ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io vedo – I see – EE-oh VEH-doh • tu vedi – you see (informal) – too VEH-dee • lui/lei vede – he/she sees – LOO-ee / lay VEH-deh • noi vediamo – we see – noy veh-DEE-ah-moh • voi vedete – you (pl.) see – voy veh-DEH-teh • loro vedono – they see – LOH-roh VEH-doh-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho visto – I saw / have seen – EE-oh oh VEES-toh • tu hai visto – you saw – too eye VEES-toh • lui/lei ha visto – he/she saw – LOO-ee / lay ah VEES-toh • noi abbiamo visto – we saw – noy ahb-BYAH-moh VEES-toh • voi avete visto – you (pl.) saw – voy ah-VEH-teh VEES-toh • loro hanno visto – they saw – LOH-roh AHN-noh VEES-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io vedevo – I was seeing / I used to see – EE-oh veh-DEH-voh • tu vedevi – you were seeing – too veh-DEH-vee • lui/lei vedeva – he/she was seeing – LOO-ee / lay veh-DEH-vah • noi vedevamo – we were seeing – noy veh-DEH-vah-moh • voi vedevate – you (pl.) were seeing – voy veh-DEH-vah-teh • loro vedevano – they were seeing – LOH-roh veh-DEH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io vedrò – I will see – EE-oh veh-DROH • tu vedrai – you will see – too veh-DRYE • lui/lei vedrà – he/she will see – LOO-ee / lay veh-DRAH • noi vedremo – we will see – noy veh-DREH-moh • voi vedrete – you (pl.) will see – voy veh-DREH-teh • loro vedranno – they will see – LOH-roh veh-DRAN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io vedrei – I would see – EE-oh veh-DRAY • tu vedresti – you would see – too veh-DREST-ee • lui/lei vedrebbe – he/she would see – LOO-ee / lay veh-DREHB-beh • noi vedremmo – we would see – noy veh-REM-moh • voi vedreste – you (pl.) would see – voy veh-REST-teh • loro vedrebbero – they would see – LOH-roh veh-DREHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io veda – that I see – keh EE-oh VEH-dah • che tu veda – that you see – keh too VEH-dah • che lui/lei veda – that he/she sees – keh LOO-ee / lay VEH-dah • che noi vediamo – that we see – keh noy veh-DEE-ah-moh • che voi vediate – that you (pl.) see – keh voy veh-DEE-ah-teh • che loro vedano – that they see – keh LOH-roh VEH-dah-noh ⸻ Imperative (Commands) • tu vedi – see (informal, singular) – VEH-dee • Lei veda – see (formal, singular) – VEH-dah • noi vediamo – let’s see – veh-DEE-ah-moh • voi vedete – see (plural) – veh-DEH-teh • loro vedano – let them see – VEH-dah-noh

Answer 7

Infinitive: • guardare – gwahr-DAH-reh — to watch Gerund: • guardando – gwahr-DAN-doh — watching ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io guardo – I watch – EE-oh GWAR-doh • tu guardi – you watch (informal) – too GWAR-dee • lui/lei guarda – he/she watches – LOO-ee / lay GWAR-dah • noi guardiamo – we watch – noy gwahr-DEE-ah-moh • voi guardate – you (pl.) watch – voy gwahr-DAH-teh • loro guardano – they watch – LOH-roh GWAR-dah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho guardato – I watched / have watched – EE-oh oh gwahr-DAH-toh • tu hai guardato – you watched – too eye gwahr-DAH-toh • lui/lei ha guardato – he/she watched – LOO-ee / lay ah gwahr-DAH-toh • noi abbiamo guardato – we watched – noy ahb-BYAH-moh gwahr-DAH-toh • voi avete guardato – you (pl.) watched – voy ah-VEH-teh gwahr-DAH-toh • loro hanno guardato – they watched – LOH-roh AHN-noh gwahr-DAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io guardavo – I was watching / I used to watch – EE-oh gwahr-DAH-voh • tu guardavi – you were watching – too gwahr-DAH-vee • lui/lei guardava – he/she was watching – LOO-ee / lay gwahr-DAH-vah • noi guardavamo – we were watching – noy gwahr-DAH-vah-moh • voi guardavate – you (pl.) were watching – voy gwahr-DAH-vah-teh • loro guardavano – they were watching – LOH-roh gwahr-DAH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io guarderò – I will watch – EE-oh gwahr-deh-ROH • tu guarderai – you will watch – too gwahr-deh-RYE • lui/lei guarderà – he/she will watch – LOO-ee / lay gwahr-deh-RAH • noi guarderemo – we will watch – noy gwahr-deh-REH-moh • voi guarderete – you (pl.) will watch – voy gwahr-deh-REH-teh • loro guarderanno – they will watch – LOH-roh gwahr-deh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io guarderei – I would watch – EE-oh gwahr-deh-REY • tu guarderesti – you would watch – too gwahr-deh-REST-ee • lui/lei guarderebbe – he/she would watch – LOO-ee / lay gwahr-deh-REHB-beh • noi guarderemmo – we would watch – noy gwahr-deh-REM-moh • voi guardereste – you (pl.) would watch – voy gwahr-deh-REST-teh • loro guarderebbero – they would watch – LOH-roh gwahr-deh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io guardi – that I watch – keh EE-oh GWAR-dee • che tu guardi – that you watch – keh too GWAR-dee • che lui/lei guardi – that he/she watches – keh LOO-ee / lay GWAR-dee • che noi guardiamo – that we watch – keh noy gwahr-DEE-ah-moh • che voi guardiate – that you (pl.) watch – keh voy gwahr-DEE-ah-teh • che loro guardino – that they watch – keh LOH-roh GWAR-dee-noh ⸻ Imperative (Commands) • tu guarda – watch (informal, singular) – GWAR-dah • Lei guardi – watch (formal, singular) – GWAR-dee • noi guardiamo – let’s watch – gwahr-DEE-ah-moh • voi guardate – watch (plural) – gwahr-DAH-teh • loro guardino – let them watch – GWAR-dee-noh

Answer 8

Infinitive: • dire – DEE-reh — to say Gerund: • dicendo – dee-CHEN-doh — saying ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io dico – I say – EE-oh DEE-koh • tu dici – you say (informal) – too DEE-chee • lui/lei dice – he/she says – LOO-ee / lay DEE-cheh • noi diciamo – we say – noy dee-CHAH-moh • voi dite – you (pl.) say – voy DEE-teh • loro dicono – they say – LOH-roh DEE-koh-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho detto – I said / have said – EE-oh oh DET-toh • tu hai detto – you said – too eye DET-toh • lui/lei ha detto – he/she said – LOO-ee / lay ah DET-toh • noi abbiamo detto – we said – noy ahb-BYAH-moh DET-toh • voi avete detto – you (pl.) said – voy ah-VEH-teh DET-toh • loro hanno detto – they said – LOH-roh AHN-noh DET-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io dicevo – I was saying / I used to say – EE-oh dee-CHAY-voh • tu dicevi – you were saying – too dee-CHAY-vee • lui/lei diceva – he/she was saying – LOO-ee / lay dee-CHAY-vah • noi dicevamo – we were saying – noy dee-CHAY-vah-moh • voi dicevate – you (pl.) were saying – voy dee-CHAY-vah-teh • loro dicevano – they were saying – LOH-roh dee-CHAY-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io dirò – I will say – EE-oh dee-ROH • tu dirai – you will say – too dee-RYE • lui/lei dirà – he/she will say – LOO-ee / lay dee-RAH • noi diremo – we will say – noy dee-REH-moh • voi direte – you (pl.) will say – voy dee-REH-teh • loro diranno – they will say – LOH-roh dee-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io direi – I would say – EE-oh dee-REY • tu diresti – you would say – too dee-REST-ee • lui/lei direbbe – he/she would say – LOO-ee / lay dee-REHB-beh • noi diremmo – we would say – noy dee-REM-moh • voi direste – you (pl.) would say – voy dee-REST-teh • loro direbbero – they would say – LOH-roh dee-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io dica – that I say – keh EE-oh DEE-kah • che tu dica – that you say – keh too DEE-kah • che lui/lei dica – that he/she says – keh LOO-ee / lay DEE-kah • che noi diciamo – that we say – keh noy dee-CHAH-moh • che voi diciate – that you (pl.) say – keh voy dee-CHAH-teh • che loro dicano – that they say – keh LOH-roh DEE-kah-noh ⸻ Imperative (Commands) • tu dì – say (informal, singular) – DEE • Lei dica – say (formal, singular) – DEE-kah • noi diciamo – let’s say – dee-CHAH-moh • voi dite – say (plural) – DEE-teh • loro dicano – let them say – DEE-kah-noh

Answer 9

Infinitive: • uccidere – oo-CHEE-deh-reh — to kill ⸻ Gerund: • uccidendo – oo-chi-DEN-doh — killing ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io uccido – I kill – EE-oh oo-CHEE-doh • tu uccidi – you kill (informal) – too oo-CHEE-dee • lui/lei uccide – he/she kills – LOO-ee / lay oo-CHEE-deh • noi uccidiamo – we kill – noy oo-CHEE-dee-ah-moh • voi uccidete – you (pl.) kill – voy oo-CHEE-deh-teh • loro uccidono – they kill – LOH-roh oo-CHEE-doh-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho ucciso – I killed / have killed – EE-oh oh oo-CHEE-zoh • tu hai ucciso – you killed – too eye oo-CHEE-zoh • lui/lei ha ucciso – he/she killed – LOO-ee / lay ah oo-CHEE-zoh • noi abbiamo ucciso – we killed – noy ahb-BYAH-moh oo-CHEE-zoh • voi avete ucciso – you (pl.) killed – voy ah-VEH-teh oo-CHEE-zoh • loro hanno ucciso – they killed – LOH-roh AHN-noh oo-CHEE-zoh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io uccidevo – I was killing / I used to kill – EE-oh oo-CHEE-deh-voh • tu uccidevi – you were killing – too oo-CHEE-deh-vee • lui/lei uccideva – he/she was killing – LOO-ee / lay oo-CHEE-deh-vah • noi uccidevamo – we were killing – noy oo-CHEE-deh-VAH-moh • voi uccidevate – you (pl.) were killing – voy oo-CHEE-deh-VAH-teh • loro uccidevano – they were killing – LOH-roh oo-CHEE-deh-VAH-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io ucciderò – I will kill – EE-oh oo-CHEE-deh-ROH • tu ucciderai – you will kill – too oo-CHEE-deh-RYE • lui/lei ucciderà – he/she will kill – LOO-ee / lay oo-CHEE-deh-RAH • noi uccideremo – we will kill – noy oo-CHEE-deh-REH-moh • voi ucciderete – you (pl.) will kill – voy oo-CHEE-deh-REH-teh • loro uccideranno – they will kill – LOH-roh oo-CHEE-deh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io ucciderei – I would kill – EE-oh oo-CHEE-deh-REY • tu uccideresti – you would kill – too oo-CHEE-deh-REST-ee • lui/lei ucciderebbe – he/she would kill – LOO-ee / lay oo-CHEE-deh-REHB-beh • noi uccideremmo – we would kill – noy oo-CHEE-deh-REM-moh • voi uccidereste – you (pl.) would kill – voy oo-CHEE-deh-REST-teh • loro ucciderebbero – they would kill – LOH-roh oo-CHEE-deh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io uccida – that I kill – keh EE-oh oo-CHEE-dah • che tu uccida – that you kill – keh too oo-CHEE-dah • che lui/lei uccida – that he/she kills – keh LOO-ee / lay oo-CHEE-dah • che noi uccidiamo – that we kill – keh noy oo-CHEE-dee-ah-moh • che voi uccidiate – that you (pl.) kill – keh voy oo-CHEE-dee-AH-teh • che loro uccidano – that they kill – keh LOH-roh oo-CHEE-dah-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu uccidi – kill (informal, singular) – oo-CHEE-dee • Lei uccida – kill (formal, singular) – oo-CHEE-dah • noi uccidiamo – let’s kill – oo-CHEE-dee-ah-moh • voi uccidete – kill (plural) – oo-CHEE-deh-teh • loro uccidano – let them kill – oo-CHEE-dah-noh

Answer 10

Infinitive: • conoscere – koh-NOH-she-reh — to know (someone) ⸻ Gerund • conoscendo – koh-noh-SHEN-doh — knowing (someone) ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io conosco – I know (someone) – EE-oh koh-NOH-skoh • tu conosci – you know (informal) – too koh-NOH-shee • lui/lei conosce – he/she knows (someone) – LOO-ee / lay koh-NOH-she • noi conosciamo – we know (someone) – noy koh-noh-SHEE-ah-moh • voi conoscete – you (pl.) know (someone) – voy koh-noh-SHEH-teh • loro conoscono – they know (someone) – LOH-roh koh-NOH-sko-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho conosciuto – I knew / have known (someone) – EE-oh oh koh-noh-SHOO-toh • tu hai conosciuto – you knew / have known (someone) – too eye koh-noh-SHOO-toh • lui/lei ha conosciuto – he/she knew / has known (someone) – LOO-ee / lay ah koh-noh-SHOO-toh • noi abbiamo conosciuto – we knew / have known (someone) – noy ahb-BYAH-moh koh-noh-SHOO-toh • voi avete conosciuto – you (pl.) knew / have known (someone) – voy ah-VEH-teh koh-noh-SHOO-toh • loro hanno conosciuto – they knew / have known (someone) – LOH-roh AHN-noh koh-noh-SHOO-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io conoscevo – I knew (someone) / I was knowing – EE-oh koh-noh-SHEH-voh • tu conoscevi – you knew (someone) / you were knowing – too koh-noh-SHEH-vee • lui/lei conosceva – he/she knew (someone) / was knowing – LOO-ee / lay koh-noh-SHEH-vah • noi conoscevamo – we knew (someone) / we were knowing – noy koh-noh-SHEH-vah-moh • voi conoscevate – you (pl.) knew (someone) / you were knowing – voy koh-noh-SHEH-vah-teh • loro conoscevano – they knew (someone) / they were knowing – LOH-roh koh-noh-SHEH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io conoscerò – I will know (someone) – EE-oh koh-noh-she-ROH • tu conoscerai – you will know (someone) – too koh-noh-she-RYE • lui/lei conoscerà – he/she will know (someone) – LOO-ee / lay koh-noh-she-RAH • noi conosceremo – we will know (someone) – noy koh-noh-she-REH-moh • voi conoscerete – you (pl.) will know (someone) – voy koh-noh-she-REH-teh • loro conosceranno – they will know (someone) – LOH-roh koh-noh-she-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io conoscerei – I would know (someone) – EE-oh koh-noh-she-REY • tu conosceresti – you would know (someone) – too koh-noh-she-REST-ee • lui/lei conoscerebbe – he/she would know (someone) – LOO-ee / lay koh-noh-she-REHB-beh • noi conosceremmo – we would know (someone) – noy koh-noh-she-REM-moh • voi conoscereste – you (pl.) would know (someone) – voy koh-noh-she-REST-teh • loro conoscerebbero – they would know (someone) – LOH-roh koh-noh-she-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io conosca – that I know (someone) – keh EE-oh koh-NOHS-kah • che tu conosca – that you know (someone) – keh too koh-NOHS-kah • che lui/lei conosca – that he/she knows (someone) – keh LOO-ee / lay koh-NOHS-kah • che noi conosciamo – that we know (someone) – keh noy koh-noh-SHEE-ah-moh • che voi conosciate – that you (pl.) know (someone) – keh voy koh-noh-SHEE-AH-teh • che loro conoscano – that they know (someone) – keh LOH-roh koh-NOHS-kah-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu conosci – know (someone) (informal) – koh-NOH-shee • Lei conosca – know (someone) (formal) – koh-NOHS-kah • noi conosciamo – let’s know (someone) – koh-noh-SHEE-ah-moh • voi conoscete – know (someone) (plural) – koh-noh-SHEH-teh • loro conoscano – let them know (someone) – koh-NOHS-kah-noh

Answer 11

Infinitive: • cantare – kan-TAH-reh — to sing ⸻ Gerund • cantando – kan-TAN-doh — singing ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io canto – I sing – EE-oh KAN-toh • tu canti – you sing (informal) – too KAN-tee • lui/lei canta – he/she sings – LOO-ee / lay KAN-tah • noi cantiamo – we sing – noy kan-TEE-ah-moh • voi cantate – you (pl.) sing – voy kan-TAH-teh • loro cantano – they sing – LOH-roh KAN-tah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho cantato – I sang / have sung – EE-oh oh kan-TAH-toh • tu hai cantato – you sang / have sung – too eye kan-TAH-toh • lui/lei ha cantato – he/she sang / has sung – LOO-ee / lay ah kan-TAH-toh • noi abbiamo cantato – we sang / have sung – noy ahb-BYAH-moh kan-TAH-toh • voi avete cantato – you (pl.) sang / have sung – voy ah-VEH-teh kan-TAH-toh • loro hanno cantato – they sang / have sung – LOH-roh AHN-noh kan-TAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io cantavo – I was singing / I used to sing – EE-oh kan-TAH-voh • tu cantavi – you were singing / you used to sing – too kan-TAH-vee • lui/lei cantava – he/she was singing / used to sing – LOO-ee / lay kan-TAH-vah • noi cantavamo – we were singing / we used to sing – noy kan-TAH-vah-moh • voi cantavate – you (pl.) were singing / used to sing – voy kan-TAH-vah-teh • loro cantavano – they were singing / used to sing – LOH-roh kan-TAH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io canterò – I will sing – EE-oh kan-teh-ROH • tu canterai – you will sing – too kan-teh-RYE • lui/lei canterà – he/she will sing – LOO-ee / lay kan-teh-RAH • noi canteremo – we will sing – noy kan-teh-REH-moh • voi canterete – you (pl.) will sing – voy kan-teh-REH-teh • loro canteranno – they will sing – LOH-roh kan-teh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io canterei – I would sing – EE-oh kan-teh-REY • tu canteresti – you would sing – too kan-teh-REST-ee • lui/lei canterebbe – he/she would sing – LOO-ee / lay kan-teh-REHB-beh • noi canteremmo – we would sing – noy kan-teh-REM-moh • voi cantereste – you (pl.) would sing – voy kan-teh-REST-teh • loro canterebbero – they would sing – LOH-roh kan-teh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io canti – that I sing – keh EE-oh KAN-tee • che tu canti – that you sing – keh too KAN-tee • che lui/lei canti – that he/she sings – keh LOO-ee / lay KAN-tee • che noi cantiamo – that we sing – keh noy kan-TEE-ah-moh • che voi cantiate – that you (pl.) sing – keh voy kan-tee-AH-teh • che loro cantino – that they sing – keh LOH-roh KAN-tee-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu canta – sing (informal, singular) – KAN-tah • Lei canti – sing (formal, singular) – KAN-tee • noi cantiamo – let’s sing – kan-TEE-ah-moh • voi cantate – sing (plural) – kan-TAH-teh • loro cantino – let them sing – KAN-tee-noh

Answer 12

Infinitive • amare – ah-MAH-reh — to love ⸻ Gerund • amando – ah-MAHN-doh — loving ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io amo – I love – EE-oh AH-moh • tu ami – you love (informal) – too AH-mee • lui/lei ama – he/she loves – LOO-ee / lay AH-mah • noi amiamo – we love – noy ah-MEE-ah-moh • voi amate – you (pl.) love – voy ah-MAH-teh • loro amano – they love – LOH-roh AH-mah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho amato – I loved / have loved – EE-oh oh ah-MAH-toh • tu hai amato – you loved / have loved – too eye ah-MAH-toh • lui/lei ha amato – he/she loved / has loved – LOO-ee / lay ah ah-MAH-toh • noi abbiamo amato – we loved / have loved – noy ahb-BYAH-moh ah-MAH-toh • voi avete amato – you (pl.) loved / have loved – voy ah-VEH-teh ah-MAH-toh • loro hanno amato – they loved / have loved – LOH-roh AHN-noh ah-MAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io amavo – I loved / I was loving – EE-oh ah-MAH-voh • tu amavi – you loved / you were loving – too ah-MAH-vee • lui/lei amava – he/she loved / was loving – LOO-ee / lay ah-MAH-vah • noi amavamo – we loved / we were loving – noy ah-MAH-vah-moh • voi amavate – you (pl.) loved / you were loving – voy ah-MAH-vah-teh • loro amavano – they loved / they were loving – LOH-roh ah-MAH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io amerò – I will love – EE-oh ah-meh-ROH • tu amerai – you will love – too ah-meh-RYE • lui/lei amerà – he/she will love – LOO-ee / lay ah-meh-RAH • noi ameremo – we will love – noy ah-meh-REH-moh • voi amerete – you (pl.) will love – voy ah-meh-REH-teh • loro ameranno – they will love – LOH-roh ah-meh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io amerei – I would love – EE-oh ah-meh-REY • tu ameresti – you would love – too ah-meh-REST-ee • lui/lei amerebbe – he/she would love – LOO-ee / lay ah-meh-REHB-beh • noi ameremmo – we would love – noy ah-meh-REM-moh • voi amereste – you (pl.) would love – voy ah-meh-REST-teh • loro amerebbero – they would love – LOH-roh ah-meh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io ami – that I love – keh EE-oh AH-mee • che tu ami – that you love – keh too AH-mee • che lui/lei ami – that he/she loves – keh LOO-ee / lay AH-mee • che noi amiamo – that we love – keh noy ah-MEE-ah-moh • che voi amiate – that you (pl.) love – keh voy ah-MEE-ah-teh • che loro amino – that they love – keh LOH-roh AH-mee-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu ama – love (informal, singular) – AH-mah • Lei ami – love (formal, singular) – AH-mee • noi amiamo – let’s love – ah-MEE-ah-moh • voi amate – love (plural) – ah-MAH-teh • loro amino – let them love – AH-mee-noh

Answer 13

Infinitive • nuotare – nwoh-TAH-reh — to swim ⸻ Gerund • nuotando – nwoh-TAHN-doh — swimming ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io nuoto – I swim – EE-oh NWOH-toh • tu nuoti – you swim – too NWOH-tee • lui/lei nuota – he/she swims – LOO-ee / lay NWOH-tah • noi nuotiamo – we swim – noy nwoh-TYAH-moh • voi nuotate – you (pl.) swim – voy nwoh-TAH-teh • loro nuotano – they swim – LOH-roh NWOH-tah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho nuotato – I swam / have swum – EE-oh oh nwoh-TAH-toh • tu hai nuotato – you swam / have swum – too eye nwoh-TAH-toh • lui/lei ha nuotato – he/she swam / has swum – LOO-ee / lay ah nwoh-TAH-toh • noi abbiamo nuotato – we swam / have swum – noy ahb-BYAH-moh nwoh-TAH-toh • voi avete nuotato – you (pl.) swam / have swum – voy ah-VEH-teh nwoh-TAH-toh • loro hanno nuotato – they swam / have swum – LOH-roh AHN-noh nwoh-TAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io nuotavo – I was swimming / used to swim – EE-oh nwoh-TAH-voh • tu nuotavi – you were swimming / used to swim – too nwoh-TAH-vee • lui/lei nuotava – he/she was swimming / used to swim – LOO-ee / lay nwoh-TAH-vah • noi nuotavamo – we were swimming / used to swim – noy nwoh-tah-VAH-moh • voi nuotavate – you (pl.) were swimming – voy nwoh-tah-VAH-teh • loro nuotavano – they were swimming – LOH-roh nwoh-tah-VAH-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io nuoterò – I will swim – EE-oh nwoh-teh-ROH • tu nuoterai – you will swim – too nwoh-teh-RYE • lui/lei nuoterà – he/she will swim – LOO-ee / lay nwoh-teh-RAH • noi nuoteremo – we will swim – noy nwoh-teh-REH-moh • voi nuoterete – you (pl.) will swim – voy nwoh-teh-REH-teh • loro nuoteranno – they will swim – LOH-roh nwoh-teh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io nuoterei – I would swim – EE-oh nwoh-teh-REY • tu nuoteresti – you would swim – too nwoh-teh-REST-ee • lui/lei nuoterebbe – he/she would swim – LOO-ee / lay nwoh-teh-REHB-beh • noi nuoteremmo – we would swim – noy nwoh-teh-REM-moh • voi nuotereste – you (pl.) would swim – voy nwoh-teh-REST-teh • loro nuoterebbero – they would swim – LOH-roh nwoh-teh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io nuoti – that I swim – keh EE-oh NWOH-tee • che tu nuoti – that you swim – keh too NWOH-tee • che lui/lei nuoti – that he/she swims – keh LOO-ee / lay NWOH-tee • che noi nuotiamo – that we swim – keh noy nwoh-TYAH-moh • che voi nuotiate – that you (pl.) swim – keh voy nwoh-TYAH-teh • che loro nuotino – that they swim – keh LOH-roh NWOH-tee-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu nuota – swim! (informal) – NWOH-tah • Lei nuoti – swim! (formal) – NWOH-tee • noi nuotiamo – let’s swim – nwoh-TYAH-moh • voi nuotate – swim! (you all) – nwoh-TAH-teh • loro nuotino – let them swim – NWOH-tee-noh

Answer 14

Infinitive • ballare – bahl-LAH-reh — to dance ⸻ Gerund • ballando – bahl-LAHN-doh — dancing ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io ballo – I dance – EE-oh BAHL-loh • tu balli – you dance – too BAHL-lee • lui/lei balla – he/she dances – LOO-ee / lay BAHL-lah • noi balliamo – we dance – noy bahl-LYAH-moh • voi ballate – you (pl.) dance – voy bahl-LAH-teh • loro ballano – they dance – LOH-roh BAHL-lah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho ballato – I danced / have danced – EE-oh oh bahl-LAH-toh • tu hai ballato – you danced – too eye bahl-LAH-toh • lui/lei ha ballato – he/she danced – LOO-ee / lay ah bahl-LAH-toh • noi abbiamo ballato – we danced – noy ahb-BYAH-moh bahl-LAH-toh • voi avete ballato – you all danced – voy ah-VEH-teh bahl-LAH-toh • loro hanno ballato – they danced – LOH-roh AHN-noh bahl-LAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io ballavo – I was dancing / used to dance – EE-oh bahl-LAH-voh • tu ballavi – you were dancing – too bahl-LAH-vee • lui/lei ballava – he/she was dancing – LOO-ee / lay bahl-LAH-vah • noi ballavamo – we were dancing – noy bahl-lah-VAH-moh • voi ballavate – you all were dancing – voy bahl-lah-VAH-teh • loro ballavano – they were dancing – LOH-roh bahl-lah-VAH-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io ballerò – I will dance – EE-oh bahl-leh-ROH • tu ballerai – you will dance – too bahl-leh-RYE • lui/lei ballerà – he/she will dance – LOO-ee / lay bahl-leh-RAH • noi balleremo – we will dance – noy bahl-leh-REH-moh • voi ballerete – you all will dance – voy bahl-leh-REH-teh • loro balleranno – they will dance – LOH-roh bahl-leh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io ballerei – I would dance – EE-oh bahl-leh-REY • tu balleresti – you would dance – too bahl-leh-REST-ee • lui/lei ballerebbe – he/she would dance – LOO-ee / lay bahl-leh-REHB-beh • noi balleremmo – we would dance – noy bahl-leh-REM-moh • voi ballereste – you all would dance – voy bahl-leh-REST-teh • loro ballerebbero – they would dance – LOH-roh bahl-leh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io balli – that I dance – keh EE-oh BAHL-lee • che tu balli – that you dance – keh too BAHL-lee • che lui/lei balli – that he/she dances – keh LOO-ee / lay BAHL-lee • che noi balliamo – that we dance – keh noy bahl-LYAH-moh • che voi balliate – that you (pl.) dance – keh voy bahl-LYAH-teh • che loro ballino – that they dance – keh LOH-roh BAHL-lee-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu balla! – dance! (informal) – BAHL-lah • Lei balli! – dance! (formal) – BAHL-lee • noi balliamo! – let’s dance – bahl-LYAH-moh • voi ballate! – dance! (you all) – bahl-LAH-teh • loro ballino! – let them dance – BAHL-lee-noh

Answer 15

Infinitive • suonare – swoh-NAH-reh — ⸻ Gerund • suonando – swoh-NAHN-doh — playing / ringing ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io suono – I play / I ring – EE-oh SWOH-noh • tu suoni – you play / you ring – too SWOH-nee • lui/lei suona – he/she plays / rings – LOO-ee / lay SWOH-nah • noi suoniamo – we play – noy swoh-NYAH-moh • voi suonate – you (pl.) play – voy swoh-NAH-teh • loro suonano – they play – LOH-roh SWOH-nah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho suonato – I played – EE-oh oh swoh-NAH-toh • tu hai suonato – you played – too eye swoh-NAH-toh • lui/lei ha suonato – he/she played – LOO-ee / lay ah swoh-NAH-toh • noi abbiamo suonato – we played – noy ahb-BYAH-moh swoh-NAH-toh • voi avete suonato – you (pl.) played – voy ah-VEH-teh swoh-NAH-toh • loro hanno suonato – they played – LOH-roh AHN-noh swoh-NAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io suonavo – I was playing – EE-oh swoh-NAH-voh • tu suonavi – you were playing – too swoh-NAH-vee • lui/lei suonava – he/she was playing – LOO-ee / lay swoh-NAH-vah • noi suonavamo – we were playing – noy swoh-nah-VAH-moh • voi suonavate – you (pl.) were playing – voy swoh-nah-VAH-teh • loro suonavano – they were playing – LOH-roh swoh-nah-VAH-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io suonerò – I will play – EE-oh swoh-neh-ROH • tu suonerai – you will play – too swoh-neh-RYE • lui/lei suonerà – he/she will play – LOO-ee / lay swoh-neh-RAH • noi suoneremo – we will play – noy swoh-neh-REH-moh • voi suonerete – you (pl.) will play – voy swoh-neh-REH-teh • loro suoneranno – they will play – LOH-roh swoh-neh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io suonerei – I would play – EE-oh swoh-neh-REY • tu suoneresti – you would play – too swoh-neh-REST-ee • lui/lei suonerebbe – he/she would play – LOO-ee / lay swoh-neh-REHB-beh • noi suoneremmo – we would play – noy swoh-neh-REM-moh • voi suonereste – you (pl.) would play – voy swoh-neh-REST-teh • loro suonerebbero – they would play – LOH-roh swoh-neh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io suoni – that I play – keh EE-oh SWOH-nee • che tu suoni – that you play – keh too SWOH-nee • che lui/lei suoni – that he/she plays – keh LOO-ee / lay SWOH-nee • che noi suoniamo – that we play – keh noy swoh-NYAH-moh • che voi suoniate – that you (pl.) play – keh voy swoh-NYAH-teh • che loro suonino – that they play – keh LOH-roh SWOH-nee-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu suona! – play! (informal) – SWOH-nah • Lei suoni! – play! (formal) – SWOH-nee • noi suoniamo! – let’s play – swoh-NYAH-moh • voi suonate! – play! (you all) – swoh-NAH-teh • loro suonino! – let them play – SWOH-nee-noh

Answer 16

Infinitive • piacere – pyah-CHEH-reh — to please ⸻ Gerund • piacendo – pyah-CHEN-doh — pleasing ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io piaccio – I please – EE-oh PYAHT-choh • tu piaci – you please – too PYA-chee • lui/lei piace – he/she/it pleases – LOO-ee / lay PYA-cheh • noi piacciamo – we please – noy pyah-CHAH-moh • voi piacete – you (pl.) please – voy pyah-CHEH-teh • loro piacciono – they please – LOH-roh PYAHT-choh-noh Most common forms: • Mi piace – I like (something singular) • Mi piacciono – I like (things plural) ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) (Uses essere as the auxiliary verb, and agrees in gender/number with the subject) • mi è piaciuto – I liked (masc. singular thing) – mee eh pyah-CHOO-toh • mi è piaciuta – I liked (fem. singular) – mee eh pyah-CHOO-tah • mi sono piaciuti – I liked (masc. plural) – mee SOH-noh pyah-CHOO-tee • mi sono piaciute – I liked (fem. plural) – mee SOH-noh pyah-CHOO-teh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • piaceva – it was pleasing – pyah-CHEH-vah • piacevano – they were pleasing – pyah-CHEH-vah-noh Used to express what someone used to like. E.g. Mi piaceva la musica classica. – I used to like classical music. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • piacerà – it will please – pyah-cheh-RAH • piaceranno – they will please – pyah-cheh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • piacerebbe – it would please – pyah-cheh-REHB-beh • piacerebbero – they would please – pyah-cheh-REHB-beh-roh E.g. Mi piacerebbe andare in Italia. – I would like to go to Italy. ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che piaccia – that it pleases – keh PYAHT-chah • che piacciano – that they please – keh PYAHT-chah-noh E.g. Spero che ti piaccia. – I hope you like it. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) Note: “Piacere” is rarely used in the imperative, but technically: • piaci! – please! (informal) – PYA-chee • piaccia! – please! (formal) – PYAHT-chah • piacciamo! – let’s please – pyah-CHAH-moh • piacete! – please! (plural) – pyah-CHEH-teh

Answer 17

Infinitive • passeggiare – pahs-seh-JAH-reh — to stroll / to take a walk ⸻ Gerund • passeggiando – pahs-seh-JAHN-doh — strolling ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io passeggio – I stroll – EE-oh pahs-SEHJ-joh • tu passeggi – you stroll – too pahs-SEHJ-jee • lui/lei passeggia – he/she strolls – LOO-ee / lay pahs-SEHJ-jah • noi passeggiamo – we stroll – noy pahs-sehj-JAH-moh • voi passeggiate – you (pl.) stroll – voy pahs-sehj-JAH-teh • loro passeggiano – they stroll – LOH-roh pahs-SEHJ-jah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • io ho passeggiato – I strolled / have strolled – EE-oh oh pahs-sehj-JAH-toh • tu hai passeggiato – you strolled – too eye pahs-sehj-JAH-toh • lui/lei ha passeggiato – he/she strolled – ah pahs-sehj-JAH-toh • noi abbiamo passeggiato – we strolled – noy ahb-BYAH-moh pahs-sehj-JAH-toh • voi avete passeggiato – you (pl.) strolled – voy ah-VEH-teh pahs-sehj-JAH-toh • loro hanno passeggiato – they strolled – AHN-noh pahs-sehj-JAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io passeggiavo – I was strolling / used to stroll – EE-oh pahs-sehj-JAH-voh • tu passeggiavi – you were strolling – too pahs-sehj-JAH-vee • lui/lei passeggiava – he/she was strolling – pahs-sehj-JAH-vah • noi passeggiavamo – we were strolling – noy pahs-sehj-jah-VAH-moh • voi passeggiavate – you (pl.) were strolling – voy pahs-sehj-jah-VAH-teh • loro passeggiavano – they were strolling – LOH-roh pahs-sehj-jah-VAH-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io passeggerò – I will stroll – EE-oh pahs-sehj-geh-ROH • tu passeggerai – you will stroll – too pahs-sehj-geh-RYE • lui/lei passeggerà – he/she will stroll – pahs-sehj-geh-RAH • noi passeggeremo – we will stroll – noy pahs-sehj-geh-REH-moh • voi passeggerete – you (pl.) will stroll – voy pahs-sehj-geh-REH-teh • loro passeggeranno – they will stroll – LOH-roh pahs-sehj-geh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io passeggerei – I would stroll – EE-oh pahs-sehj-geh-REY • tu passeggeresti – you would stroll – too pahs-sehj-geh-REST-ee • lui/lei passeggerebbe – he/she would stroll – pahs-sehj-geh-REHB-beh • noi passeggeremmo – we would stroll – noy pahs-sehj-geh-REM-moh • voi passeggereste – you (pl.) would stroll – voy pahs-sehj-geh-REST-teh • loro passeggerebbero – they would stroll – LOH-roh pahs-sehj-geh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io passeggi – that I stroll – keh EE-oh pahs-SEHJ-jee • che tu passeggi – that you stroll – keh too pahs-SEHJ-jee • che lui/lei passeggi – that he/she strolls – keh LOO-ee / lay pahs-SEHJ-jee • che noi passeggiamo – that we stroll – keh noy pahs-sehj-JAH-moh • che voi passeggiate – that you (pl.) stroll – keh voy pahs-sehj-JAH-teh • che loro passeggino – that they stroll – keh LOH-roh pahs-SEHJ-jee-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu passeggia! – stroll! (informal) – pahs-SEHJ-jah • Lei passeggi! – stroll! (formal) – pahs-SEHJ-jee • noi passeggiamo! – let’s stroll! – pahs-sehj-JAH-moh • voi passeggiate! – stroll! (plural) – pahs-sehj-JAH-teh • loro passeggino! – let them stroll – pahs-SEHJ-jee-noh

Answer 18

Infinitive • uscire – oo-SHEE-reh — to go out / to exit ⸻ Gerund • uscendo – oo-SHEN-doh — going out ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io esco – I go out – EH-skoh • tu esci – you go out – EH-shee • lui/lei esce – he/she goes out – EH-sheh • noi usciamo – we go out – oo-SHAH-moh • voi uscite – you (pl.) go out – oo-SHEE-teh • loro escono – they go out – EH-skoh-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) (uses essere as the auxiliary) • io sono uscito/a – I went out – SOH-noh oo-SHEE-toh / -tah • tu sei uscito/a – you went out – say oo-SHEE-toh / -tah • lui/lei è uscito/a – he/she went out – eh oo-SHEE-toh / -tah • noi siamo usciti/e – we went out – SYAH-moh oo-SHEE-tee / -teh • voi siete usciti/e – you (pl.) went out – SYEH-teh oo-SHEE-tee / -teh • loro sono usciti/e – they went out – SOH-noh oo-SHEE-tee / -teh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io uscivo – I was going out – oo-SHEE-voh • tu uscivi – you were going out – oo-SHEE-vee • lui/lei usciva – he/she was going out – oo-SHEE-vah • noi uscivamo – we were going out – oo-shee-VAH-moh • voi uscivate – you (pl.) were going out – oo-shee-VAH-teh • loro uscivano – they were going out – oo-SHEE-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io uscirò – I will go out – oo-shee-ROH • tu uscirai – you will go out – oo-shee-RYE • lui/lei uscirà – he/she will go out – oo-shee-RAH • noi usciremo – we will go out – oo-shee-REH-moh • voi uscirete – you (pl.) will go out – oo-shee-REH-teh • loro usciranno – they will go out – oo-shee-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io uscirei – I would go out – oo-shee-REY • tu usciresti – you would go out – oo-shee-REST-ee • lui/lei uscirebbe – he/she would go out – oo-shee-REHB-beh • noi usciremmo – we would go out – oo-shee-REM-moh • voi uscireste – you (pl.) would go out – oo-shee-REST-teh • loro uscirebbero – they would go out – oo-shee-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io esca – that I go out – keh EE-oh EH-skah • che tu esca – that you go out – keh too EH-skah • che lui/lei esca – that he/she goes out – keh LOO-ee / lay EH-skah • che noi usciamo – that we go out – keh noy oo-SHAH-moh • che voi usciate – that you (pl.) go out – keh voy oo-SHAH-teh • che loro escano – that they go out – keh LOH-roh EH-skah-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu esci! – go out! (informal) – EH-shee • Lei esca! – go out! (formal) – EH-skah • noi usciamo! – let’s go out! – oo-SHAH-moh • voi uscite! – go out! (plural) – oo-SHEE-teh • loro escano! – let them go out – EH-skah-noh

Answer 19

Infinitive • partire – par-TEE-reh — to leave (especially to depart, go away) ⸻ Here’s the full conjugation of partire, including gerund and pronunciations, just like the others: ⸻ Gerund • partendo – par-TEN-doh — leaving / departing ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io parto – I leave – EE-oh PAR-toh • tu parti – you leave – too PAR-tee • lui/lei parte – he/she leaves – LOO-ee / lay PAR-teh • noi partiamo – we leave – noy par-TYAH-moh • voi partite – you (pl.) leave – voy par-TEE-teh • loro partono – they leave – LOH-roh PAR-toh-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) (uses essere as auxiliary) • io sono partito/a – I left – SOH-noh par-TEE-toh / -tah • tu sei partito/a – you left – say par-TEE-toh / -tah • lui/lei è partito/a – he/she left – eh par-TEE-toh / -tah • noi siamo partiti/e – we left – SYAH-moh par-TEE-tee / -teh • voi siete partiti/e – you (pl.) left – SYEH-teh par-TEE-tee / -teh • loro sono partiti/e – they left – SOH-noh par-TEE-tee / -teh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io partivo – I was leaving / used to leave – par-TEE-voh • tu partivi – you were leaving – par-TEE-vee • lui/lei partiva – he/she was leaving – par-TEE-vah • noi partivamo – we were leaving – par-tee-VAH-moh • voi partivate – you (pl.) were leaving – par-tee-VAH-teh • loro partivano – they were leaving – par-TEE-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io partirò – I will leave – par-tee-ROH • tu partirai – you will leave – par-tee-RYE • lui/lei partirà – he/she will leave – par-tee-RAH • noi partiremo – we will leave – par-tee-REH-moh • voi partirete – you (pl.) will leave – par-tee-REH-teh • loro partiranno – they will leave – par-tee-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io partirei – I would leave – par-tee-REY • tu partiresti – you would leave – par-tee-REST-ee • lui/lei partirebbe – he/she would leave – par-tee-REHB-beh • noi partiremmo – we would leave – par-tee-REM-moh • voi partireste – you (pl.) would leave – par-tee-REST-teh • loro partirebbero – they would leave – par-tee-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io parta – that I leave – keh EE-oh PAR-tah • che tu parta – that you leave – keh too PAR-tah • che lui/lei parta – that he/she leaves – keh LOO-ee / lay PAR-tah • che noi partiamo – that we leave – keh noy par-TYAH-moh • che voi partiate – that you (pl.) leave – keh voy par-TYAH-teh • che loro partano – that they leave – keh LOH-roh PAR-tah-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu parti! – leave! (informal) – PAR-tee • Lei parta! – leave! (formal) – PAR-tah • noi partiamo! – let’s leave! – par-TYAH-moh • voi partite! – leave! (plural) – par-TEE-teh • loro partano! – let them leave – PAR-tah-noh

Answer 20

Infinitive • lasciare – lah-SHYAH-reh — to leave / to let / to abandon ⸻ Gerund • lasciando – lah-SHYAHN-doh — leaving / letting ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io lascio – I leave – LAH-shoh • tu lasci – you leave – LAH-shee • lui/lei lascia – he/she leaves – LAH-shah • noi lasciamo – we leave – lah-SHYAH-moh • voi lasciate – you (pl.) leave – lah-SHYAH-teh • loro lasciano – they leave – LAH-shah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) (uses avere as auxiliary) • io ho lasciato – I left – oh lah-SHYAH-toh • tu hai lasciato – you left – eye lah-SHYAH-toh • lui/lei ha lasciato – he/she left – ah lah-SHYAH-toh • noi abbiamo lasciato – we left – ahb-BYAH-moh lah-SHYAH-toh • voi avete lasciato – you (pl.) left – ah-VEH-teh lah-SHYAH-toh • loro hanno lasciato – they left – AHN-noh lah-SHYAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io lasciavo – I was leaving – lah-SHYAH-voh • tu lasciavi – you were leaving – lah-SHYAH-vee • lui/lei lasciava – he/she was leaving – lah-SHYAH-vah • noi lasciavamo – we were leaving – lah-shyah-VAH-moh • voi lasciavate – you (pl.) were leaving – lah-shyah-VAH-teh • loro lasciavano – they were leaving – lah-SHYAH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io lascerò – I will leave – lah-sheh-ROH • tu lascerai – you will leave – lah-sheh-RYE • lui/lei lascerà – he/she will leave – lah-sheh-RAH • noi lasceremo – we will leave – lah-sheh-REH-moh • voi lascerete – you (pl.) will leave – lah-sheh-REH-teh • loro lasceranno – they will leave – lah-sheh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io lascerei – I would leave – lah-sheh-REY • tu lasceresti – you would leave – lah-sheh-REST-ee • lui/lei lascerebbe – he/she would leave – lah-sheh-REHB-beh • noi lasceremmo – we would leave – lah-sheh-REM-moh • voi lascereste – you (pl.) would leave – lah-sheh-REST-teh • loro lascerebbero – they would leave – lah-sheh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io lasci – that I leave – keh ee-oh LAH-shee • che tu lasci – that you leave – keh too LAH-shee • che lui/lei lasci – that he/she leave – keh LOO-ee / lay LAH-shee • che noi lasciamo – that we leave – keh noy lah-SHYAH-moh • che voi lasciate – that you (pl.) leave – keh voy lah-SHYAH-teh • che loro lascino – that they leave – keh LOH-roh LAH-shee-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu lascia! – leave! (informal) – LAH-shah • Lei lasci! – leave! (formal) – LAH-shee • noi lasciamo! – let’s leave! – lah-SHYAH-moh • voi lasciate! – leave! (plural) – lah-SHYAH-teh • loro lascino! – let them leave – LAH-shee-noh

Answer 21

Infinitive • pattinare – paht-tee-NAH-reh — to skate ⸻ Gerund • pattinando – paht-tee-NAHN-doh — skating ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io pattino – I skate – PAHT-tee-noh • tu pattini – you skate – PAHT-tee-nee • lui/lei pattina – he/she skates – PAHT-tee-nah • noi pattiniamo – we skate – paht-tee-NYAH-moh • voi pattinate – you (pl.) skate – paht-tee-NAH-teh • loro pattinano – they skate – PAHT-tee-nah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) (uses avere as auxiliary) • io ho pattinato – I skated – oh paht-tee-NAH-toh • tu hai pattinato – you skated – eye paht-tee-NAH-toh • lui/lei ha pattinato – he/she skated – ah paht-tee-NAH-toh • noi abbiamo pattinato – we skated – ahb-BYAH-moh paht-tee-NAH-toh • voi avete pattinato – you (pl.) skated – ah-VEH-teh paht-tee-NAH-toh • loro hanno pattinato – they skated – AHN-noh paht-tee-NAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io pattinavo – I was skating – paht-tee-NAH-voh • tu pattinavi – you were skating – paht-tee-NAH-vee • lui/lei pattinava – he/she was skating – paht-tee-NAH-vah • noi pattinavamo – we were skating – paht-tee-nah-VAH-moh • voi pattinavate – you (pl.) were skating – paht-tee-nah-VAH-teh • loro pattinavano – they were skating – paht-tee-NAH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io pattinerò – I will skate – paht-tee-NEH-roh • tu pattinerai – you will skate – paht-tee-neh-RYE • lui/lei pattinerà – he/she will skate – paht-tee-neh-RAH • noi pattineremo – we will skate – paht-tee-REH-moh • voi pattinerete – you (pl.) will skate – paht-tee-reh-TEH • loro pattineranno – they will skate – paht-tee-REH-rah-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io pattinerei – I would skate – paht-tee-REH • tu pattineresti – you would skate – paht-tee-REST-ee • lui/lei pattinerebbe – he/she would skate – paht-tee-REHB-beh • noi pattineremmo – we would skate – paht-tee-REM-moh • voi pattinereste – you (pl.) would skate – paht-tee-REST-teh • loro pattinerebbero – they would skate – paht-tee-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io pattini – that I skate – keh ee-oh PAHT-tee-nee • che tu pattini – that you skate – keh too PAHT-tee-nee • che lui/lei pattini – that he/she skates – keh LOO-ee / lay PAHT-tee-nee • che noi pattiniamo – that we skate – keh noy paht-tee-NYAH-moh • che voi pattiniate – that you (pl.) skate – keh voy paht-tee-NYAH-teh • che loro pattinino – that they skate – keh LOH-roh paht-TEE-nee-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu pattina! – skate! (informal) – PAHT-tee-nah • Lei pattini! – skate! (formal) – PAHT-tee-nee • noi pattiniamo! – let’s skate! – paht-tee-NYAH-moh • voi pattinate! – skate! (plural) – paht-tee-NAH-teh • loro pattinino! – let them skate – paht-TEE-nee-noh

Answer 22

Infinitive • potere – poh-TEH-reh — to be able to / can ⸻ Gerund • potendo – poh-TEN-doh — being able to ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io posso – I can / I am able to – POH-soh • tu puoi – you can / you are able to – pwo-ee • lui/lei può – he/she can / he/she is able to – pwoh • noi possiamo – we can / we are able to – po-syah-moh • voi potete – you (pl.) can / you are able to – poh-TEH-teh • loro possono – they can / they are able to – POH-soh-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) (uses avere as auxiliary) • io ho potuto – I could / I have been able to – oh poh-TOO-toh • tu hai potuto – you could / you have been able to – eye poh-TOO-toh • lui/lei ha potuto – he/she could / he/she has been able to – ah poh-TOO-toh • noi abbiamo potuto – we could / we have been able to – ahb-BYAH-moh poh-TOO-toh • voi avete potuto – you (pl.) could / you have been able to – ah-VEH-teh poh-TOO-toh • loro hanno potuto – they could / they have been able to – AHN-noh poh-TOO-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io potevo – I could / I was able to – poh-TEH-voh • tu potevi – you could / you were able to – poh-TEH-vee • lui/lei poteva – he/she could / he/she was able to – poh-TEH-vah • noi potevamo – we could / we were able to – poh-teh-VAH-moh • voi potevate – you (pl.) could / you were able to – poh-teh-VAH-teh • loro potevano – they could / they were able to – poh-TEH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io potrò – I will be able to – poh-TROH • tu potrai – you will be able to – poh-TRAI • lui/lei potrà – he/she will be able to – poh-TRAH • noi potremo – we will be able to – poh-TREH-moh • voi potrete – you (pl.) will be able to – poh-TRAY-teh • loro potranno – they will be able to – poh-TRAN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io potrei – I would be able to – poh-TRAY • tu potresti – you would be able to – poh-REST-ee • lui/lei potrebbe – he/she would be able to – poh-REH-bbeh • noi potremmo – we would be able to – poh-REM-moh • voi potreste – you (pl.) would be able to – poh-REST-teh • loro potrebbero – they would be able to – poh-REH-bbeh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io possa – that I can / that I am able to – keh ee-oh POH-sah • che tu possa – that you can / that you are able to – keh too POH-sah • che lui/lei possa – that he/she can / that he/she is able to – keh LOO-ee / lay POH-sah • che noi possiamo – that we can / that we are able to – keh noy po-syah-moh • che voi possiate – that you (pl.) can / that you (pl.) are able to – keh voy poh-SYAH-teh • che loro possano – that they can / that they are able to – keh LOH-roh POH-sah-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu possa! – be able to! (informal) – POH-sah • Lei possa! – be able to! (formal) – POH-sah • noi possiamo! – let’s be able to! – po-syah-moh • voi possiate! – be able to! (plural) – poh-SYAH-teh • loro possano! – let them be able to – POH-sah-noh

Answer 23

Infinitive • visitare – vee-zee-TAH-reh — to visit ⸻ Gerund • visitando – vee-zee-TAHN-doh — visiting ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io visito – I visit – VEE-zee-toh • tu visiti – you visit – VEE-zee-tee • lui/lei visita – he/she visits – VEE-zee-tah • noi visitiamo – we visit – vee-zee-TYAH-moh • voi visitate – you (pl.) visit – vee-zee-TAH-teh • loro visitano – they visit – VEE-zee-tah-noh ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) (uses avere as auxiliary) • io ho visitato – I visited – oh vee-zee-TAH-toh • tu hai visitato – you visited – eye vee-zee-TAH-toh • lui/lei ha visitato – he/she visited – ah vee-zee-TAH-toh • noi abbiamo visitato – we visited – ahb-BYAH-moh vee-zee-TAH-toh • voi avete visitato – you (pl.) visited – ah-VEH-teh vee-zee-TAH-toh • loro hanno visitato – they visited – AHN-noh vee-zee-TAH-toh ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io visitavo – I was visiting – vee-zee-TAH-voh • tu visitavi – you were visiting – vee-zee-TAH-vee • lui/lei visitava – he/she was visiting – vee-zee-TAH-vah • noi visitavamo – we were visiting – vee-zee-tah-VAH-moh • voi visitavate – you (pl.) were visiting – vee-zee-tah-VAH-teh • loro visitavano – they were visiting – vee-zee-TAH-vah-noh ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io visiterò – I will visit – vee-zee-teh-ROH • tu visiterai – you will visit – vee-zee-teh-RYE • lui/lei visiterà – he/she will visit – vee-zee-teh-RAH • noi visiteremo – we will visit – vee-zee-teh-REH-moh • voi visiterete – you (pl.) will visit – vee-zee-teh-REH-teh • loro visiteranno – they will visit – vee-zee-teh-RAHN-noh ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io visiterei – I would visit – vee-zee-teh-RAY • tu visiteresti – you would visit – vee-zee-teh-REST-ee • lui/lei visiterebbe – he/she would visit – vee-zee-teh-REHB-beh • noi visiteremmo – we would visit – vee-zee-teh-REM-moh • voi visitereste – you (pl.) would visit – vee-zee-teh-REST-teh • loro visiterebbero – they would visit – vee-zee-teh-REHB-beh-roh ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive Present) • che io visiti – that I visit – keh ee-oh VEE-zee-tee • che tu visiti – that you visit – keh too VEE-zee-tee • che lui/lei visiti – that he/she visit – keh loo-ee / lay VEE-zee-tee • che noi visitiamo – that we visit – keh noy vee-zee-TYAH-moh • che voi visitiate – that you (pl.) visit – keh voy vee-zee-TYAH-teh • che loro visitino – that they visit – keh LOH-roh VEE-zee-tee-noh ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu visita! – visit! (informal) – VEE-zee-tah • Lei visiti! – visit! (formal) – VEE-zee-tee • noi visitiamo! – let’s visit! – vee-zee-TYAH-moh • voi visitate! – visit! (plural) – vee-zee-TAH-teh • loro visitino! – let them visit – VEE-zee-tee-noh

Answer 24

Infinitive • tagliare – to cut Pronunciation: TAHL-yah-ray Example: Devo tagliare la carta. – I need to cut the paper. ⸻ Gerund • tagliando – cutting Pronunciation: TAHL-yahn-doh Example: Stavo tagliando il pane. – I was cutting the bread. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io taglio – I cut Pronunciation: EE-oh TAHL-yoh Example: Io taglio la carne. – I cut the meat. • tu tagli – You cut Pronunciation: TOO TAHL-ee Example: Tu tagli sempre troppo. – You always cut too much. • lui/lei taglia – He/She cuts Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee TAHL-yah Example: Lui taglia i capelli. – He cuts his hair. • noi tagliamo – We cut Pronunciation: NOY TAHL-yah-mo Example: Noi tagliamo le verdure. – We cut the vegetables. • voi tagliate – You (plural) cut Pronunciation: VOY TAHL-yah-teh Example: Voi tagliate troppo presto! – You (plural) cut too soon! • loro tagliano – They cut Pronunciation: LOH-roh TAHL-yah-noh Example: Loro tagliano il filo. – They cut the thread. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho tagliato – I cut Pronunciation: OH TAHL-yah-toh Example: Ho tagliato il pane ieri. – I cut the bread yesterday. • hai tagliato – You cut Pronunciation: AI TAHL-yah-toh Example: Hai tagliato troppo! – You cut too much! • ha tagliato – He/She cut Pronunciation: AH TAHL-yah-toh Example: Lui ha tagliato il foglio. – He cut the sheet. • abbiamo tagliato – We cut Pronunciation: AH-byah-mo TAHL-yah-toh Example: Abbiamo tagliato il filo ieri. – We cut the wire yesterday. • avete tagliato – You (plural) cut Pronunciation: AH-veh-teh TAHL-yah-toh Example: Avete tagliato le verdure troppo fini. – You (plural) cut the vegetables too thin. • hanno tagliato – They cut Pronunciation: AHN-noh TAHL-yah-toh Example: Hanno tagliato i fiori per il vaso. – They cut the flowers for the vase. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io tagliavo – I was cutting Pronunciation: EE-oh TAHL-yah-voh Example: Io tagliavo sempre il pane ogni mattina. – I was always cutting the bread every morning. • tu tagliavi – You were cutting Pronunciation: TOO TAHL-yah-vee Example: Tu tagliavi troppo velocemente. – You were cutting too fast. • lui/lei tagliava – He/She was cutting Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee TAHL-yah-vah Example: Lui tagliava il legno con molta attenzione. – He was cutting the wood with great care. • noi tagliavamo – We were cutting Pronunciation: NOY TAHL-yah-vah-mo Example: Noi tagliavamo le rose nel giardino. – We were cutting the roses in the garden. • voi tagliavate – You (plural) were cutting Pronunciation: VOY TAHL-yah-vah-teh Example: Voi tagliavate la carne troppo grossa. – You (plural) were cutting the meat too thick. • loro tagliavano – They were cutting Pronunciation: LOH-roh TAHL-yah-vah-noh Example: Loro tagliavano i fili con precisione. – They were cutting the wires with precision. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io taglierò – I will cut Pronunciation: EE-oh TAHL-yeh-ROH Example: Taglierò il pane domani. – I will cut the bread tomorrow. • tu taglierai – You will cut Pronunciation: TOO TAHL-yeh-RAI Example: Taglierai il filo con la forbice. – You will cut the thread with the scissors. • lui/lei taglierà – He/She will cut Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee TAHL-yeh-RAH Example: Lui taglierà il pesce per la cena. – He will cut the fish for dinner. • noi taglieremo – We will cut Pronunciation: NOY TAHL-yeh-REH-mo Example: Noi taglieremo il cordone per slegarlo. – We will cut the rope to untie it. • voi taglierete – You (plural) will cut Pronunciation: VOY TAHL-yeh-REH-teh Example: Voi taglierete le piante nel giardino. – You (plural) will cut the plants in the garden. • loro taglieranno – They will cut Pronunciation: LOH-roh TAHL-yeh-RAH-noh Example: Loro taglieranno i capelli domani. – They will cut their hair tomorrow. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io taglierei – I would cut Pronunciation: EE-oh TAHL-yeh-RAY Example: Taglierei la torta se fossi a casa. – I would cut the cake if I were at home. • tu taglieresti – You would cut Pronunciation: TOO TAHL-yeh-REH-stee Example: Taglieresti meglio se usassi un coltello più affilato. – You would cut better if you used a sharper knife. • lui/lei taglierebbe – He/She would cut Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee TAHL-yeh-REH-beh Example: Lui taglierebbe il pane se avesse il coltello giusto. – He would cut the bread if he had the right knife. • noi taglieremmo – We would cut Pronunciation: NOY TAHL-yeh-REHM-mo Example: Noi taglieremmo i fiori per il bouquet. – We would cut the flowers for the bouquet. • voi tagliereste – You (plural) would cut Pronunciation: VOY TAHL-yeh-REH-steh Example: Voi tagliereste le corde per liberare l’animale. – You (plural) would cut the ropes to free the animal. • loro taglierebbero – They would cut Pronunciation: LOH-roh TAHL-yeh-REH-breh-noh Example: Loro taglierebbero il legno se avessero una sega. – They would cut the wood if they had a saw. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) taglia – Cut (informal singular) Pronunciation: TAHL-yah Example: Taglia il pane, per favore. – Cut the bread, please. • (Lei) tagli – Cut (formal singular) Pronunciation: TAHL-yee Example: Tagli il pollo per la cena. – Cut the chicken for dinner. (formal) • (noi) tagliamo – Let’s cut Pronunciation: TAHL-yah-mo Example: Tagliamo il cartone per il progetto. – Let’s cut the cardboard for the project. • (voi) tagliate – You (plural) cut Pronunciation: TAHL-yah-teh Example: Tagliate le mele per la torta. – Cut the apples for the cake. • (loro) tagliano – Let them cut Pronunciation: TAHL-yah-noh Example: Loro tagliano il tessuto per il vestito. – Let them cut the fabric for the dress. ⸻ Congiuntivo (Subjunctive Tense) • che io tagli – That I cut Pronunciation: keh EE-oh TAHL-yee Example: È importante che io tagli la carne prima della cottura. – It’s important that I cut the meat before cooking. • che tu tagli – That you cut Pronunciation: keh TOO TAHL-yee Example: Spero che tu tagli il pane sottile. – I hope that you cut the bread thin. • che lui/lei tagli – That he/she cuts Pronunciation: keh LOO-ee / LEH-ee TAHL-yee Example: Penso che lui tagli troppo. – I think that he cuts too much. • che noi tagliamo – That we cut Pronunciation: keh NOY TAHL-yah-mo Example: Spero che noi tagliamo i fiori domani. – I hope that we cut the flowers tomorrow. • che voi tagliate – That you (plural) cut Pronunciation: keh VOY TAHL-yah-teh Example: Mi sembra che voi tagliate bene la carne. – It seems to me that you (plural) cut the meat well. • che loro taglino – That they cut Pronunciation: keh LOH-roh TAHL-yee-noh Example: Temo che loro taglino il tessuto troppo corto. – I fear that they cut the fabric too short. ⸻ This includes the subjunctive tense along with the other conjugations, gerund, infinitive, and imperative forms of “tagliare”.

Answer 25

Infinitive • perdersi – to get lost Pronunciation: PEHR-dehr-see Example: Mi sono perso nella città. – I got lost in the city. ⸻ Gerund • perdendosi – getting lost Pronunciation: PEHR-den-doh-see Example: Stavo perdendomi mentre cercavo la strada. – I was getting lost while looking for the street. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io mi perdo – I get lost Pronunciation: EE-oh mee PEHR-doh Example: Mi perdo sempre quando vado in un posto nuovo. – I always get lost when I go to a new place. • tu ti perdi – You get lost Pronunciation: TOO tee PEHR-dee Example: Ti perdi facilmente se non conosci la zona. – You get lost easily if you don’t know the area. • lui/lei si perde – He/She gets lost Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee see PEHR-deh Example: Lui si perde sempre nei grandi centri commerciali. – He always gets lost in big shopping malls. • noi ci perdiamo – We get lost Pronunciation: NOY chee PEHR-dee-ah-mo Example: Ci perdiamo spesso quando andiamo a fare escursioni. – We often get lost when we go hiking. • voi vi perdete – You (plural) get lost Pronunciation: VOY vee PEHR-deh-teh Example: Voi vi perdete facilmente durante le vacanze. – You (plural) get lost easily during holidays. • loro si perdono – They get lost Pronunciation: LOH-roh see PEHR-doh-noh Example: Loro si perdono ogni volta che vanno in una città nuova. – They get lost every time they go to a new city. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • mi sono perso/a – I got lost Pronunciation: mee SOH-noh PEHR-soh (masculine) / mee SOH-nah PEHR-sah (feminine) Example: Mi sono perso ieri mentre camminavo. – I got lost yesterday while walking. • ti sei perso/a – You got lost Pronunciation: tee SEH-ee PEHR-soh (masculine) / tee SEH-ee PEHR-sah (feminine) Example: Ti sei perso durante il viaggio? – Did you get lost during the trip? • si è perso/a – He/She got lost Pronunciation: see EH PEHR-soh (masculine) / see EH PEHR-sah (feminine) Example: Si è perso quando cercava il parco. – He got lost when he was looking for the park. • ci siamo persi/e – We got lost Pronunciation: chee SYAH-mo PEHR-see (masculine) / chee SYAH-mo PEHR-see (feminine) Example: Ci siamo persi mentre cercavamo il ristorante. – We got lost while looking for the restaurant. • vi siete persi/e – You (plural) got lost Pronunciation: vee SYEH-teh PEHR-see (masculine) / vee SYEH-teh PEHR-seh (feminine) Example: Vi siete persi nel centro città? – Did you (plural) get lost in the city center? • si sono persi/e – They got lost Pronunciation: see SOH-noh PEHR-see (masculine) / see SOH-noh PEHR-seh (feminine) Example: Si sono persi durante il viaggio in montagna. – They got lost during the trip in the mountains. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • io mi perdevo – I was getting lost Pronunciation: EE-oh mee PEHR-deh-voh Example: Mi perdevo spesso quando ero bambino. – I was often getting lost when I was a child. • tu ti perdevi – You were getting lost Pronunciation: TOO tee PEHR-deh-vee Example: Ti perdevi ogni volta che andavamo in vacanza. – You were getting lost every time we went on vacation. • lui/lei si perdeva – He/She was getting lost Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee see PEHR-deh-vah Example: Lui si perdeva sempre nei grandi magazzini. – He was always getting lost in the department stores. • noi ci perdevamo – We were getting lost Pronunciation: NOY chee PEHR-deh-vah-mo Example: Ci perdevamo spesso nelle passeggiate in campagna. – We were often getting lost on walks in the countryside. • voi vi perdevate – You (plural) were getting lost Pronunciation: VOY vee PEHR-deh-vah-teh Example: Voi vi perdevate quando andavate in montagna. – You (plural) were getting lost when you were going to the mountains. • loro si perdevano – They were getting lost Pronunciation: LOH-roh see PEHR-deh-vah-noh Example: Loro si perdevano ogni volta che prendevano un taxi. – They were getting lost every time they took a taxi. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • io mi perderò – I will get lost Pronunciation: EE-oh mee PEHR-deh-ROH Example: Mi perderò sicuramente se non uso il GPS. – I will definitely get lost if I don’t use the GPS. • tu ti perderai – You will get lost Pronunciation: TOO tee PEHR-deh-RAI Example: Ti perderai se non segui la strada principale. – You will get lost if you don’t follow the main road. • lui/lei si perderà – He/She will get lost Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee see PEHR-deh-RAH Example: Lui si perderà nel parco se non presta attenzione. – He will get lost in the park if he doesn’t pay attention. • noi ci perderemo – We will get lost Pronunciation: NOY chee PEHR-deh-REH-mo Example: Ci perderemo se non troviamo la mappa. – We will get lost if we don’t find the map. • voi vi perderete – You (plural) will get lost Pronunciation: VOY vee PEHR-deh-REH-teh Example: Voi vi perderete se non seguite la guida. – You (plural) will get lost if you don’t follow the guide. • loro si perderanno – They will get lost Pronunciation: LOH-roh see PEHR-deh-RAH-noh Example: Loro si perderanno senza una mappa. – They will get lost without a map. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • io mi perderei – I would get lost Pronunciation: EE-oh mee PEHR-deh-RAY Example: Mi perderei se andassi da solo. – I would get lost if I went alone. • tu ti perderesti – You would get lost Pronunciation: TOO tee PEHR-deh-REH-stee Example: Ti perderesti se non usassi il navigatore. – You would get lost if you didn’t use the navigator. • lui/lei si perderebbe – He/She would get lost Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee see PEHR-deh-REH-beh Example: Lui si perderebbe senza una bussola. – He would get lost without a compass. • noi ci perderemmo – We would get lost Pronunciation: NOY chee PEHR-deh-REHM-mo Example: Ci perderemmo senza indicazioni. – We would get lost without directions. • voi vi perdereste – You (plural) would get lost Pronunciation: VOY vee PEHR-deh-REH-steh Example: Voi vi perdereste senza una mappa dettagliata. – You (plural) would get lost without a detailed map. • loro si perderebbero – They would get lost Pronunciation: LOH-roh see PEHR-deh-REH-breh-noh Example: Loro si perderebbero se non avessero il GPS. – They would get lost if they didn’t have GPS. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) perdi – Get lost (informal singular) Pronunciation: PEHR-dee Example: Perdi la strada e vedrai che è più interessante! – Get lost and you’ll see it’s more interesting! • (Lei) perda – Get lost (formal singular) Pronunciation: PEHR-dah Example: Perda la strada per scoprire nuovi luoghi. – Get lost to discover new places. (formal) • (noi) perdiamo – Let’s get lost Pronunciation: PEHR-dee-ah-mo Example: Perdiamo la strada insieme! – Let’s get lost together! • (voi) perdete – You (plural) get lost Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-teh Example: Perdetevi e divertitevi! – Get lost and have fun! • (loro) perdano – Let them get lost Pronunciation: PEHR-dah-noh Example: Loro perdano la strada se vogliono esplorare. – Let them get lost if they want to explore. ⸻ Congiuntivo (Subjunctive Tense) • che io mi perda – That I get lost Pronunciation: keh EE-oh mee PEHR-dah Example: Temo che io mi perda nel bosco. – I fear that I’ll get lost in the forest. • che tu ti perda – That you get lost Pronunciation: keh TOO tee PEHR-dah Example: Spero che tu non ti perda nella città. – I hope you don’t get lost in the city. • che lui/lei si perda – That he/she gets lost Pronunciation: keh LOO-ee / LEH-ee see PEHR-dah Example: Penso che lui si perda ogni volta che guida. – I think he gets lost every time he drives. • che noi ci perdiamo – That we get lost Pronunciation: keh NOY chee PEHR-dee-ah-mo Example: Spero che noi non ci perdiamo durante il viaggio. – I hope we don’t get lost during the trip. • che voi vi perdiate – That you (plural) get lost Pronunciation: keh VOY vee PEHR-dee-ah-teh Example: Temo che voi vi perdiate nel labirinto. – I fear that you (plural) will get lost in the maze. • che loro si perdano – That they get lost Pronunciation: keh LOH-roh see PEHR-dah-noh Example: Spero che loro non si perdano durante la gita. – I hope they don’t get lost during the trip.

Answer 26

Infinitive • perdere – to lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-reh Example: Ho paura di perdere il mio lavoro. – I’m afraid of losing my job. ⸻ Gerund • perdendo – losing Pronunciation: pehr-DEHN-doh Example: Sto perdendo tempo. – I’m losing time. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io perdo – I lose Pronunciation: EE-oh PEHR-doh Example: Io perdo sempre le chiavi. – I always lose my keys. • tu perdi – You lose Pronunciation: TOO PEHR-dee Example: Tu perdi facilmente. – You lose easily. • lui/lei perde – He/She loses Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee PEHR-deh Example: Lui perde la pazienza ogni volta. – He loses patience every time. • noi perdiamo – We lose Pronunciation: NOY PEHR-dyah-mo Example: Noi perdiamo spesso nelle partite. – We often lose in games. • voi perdete – You (plural) lose Pronunciation: VOY PEHR-deh-teh Example: Voi perdete sempre al gioco. – You (plural) always lose at the game. • loro perdono – They lose Pronunciation: LOH-roh PEHR-doh-noh Example: Loro perdono ogni partita. – They lose every match. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho perso – I lost Pronunciation: OH PEHR-soh Example: Ho perso il mio portafoglio. – I lost my wallet. • hai perso – You lost Pronunciation: AH-ee PEHR-soh Example: Hai perso il treno. – You missed the train. • ha perso – He/She lost Pronunciation: AH PEHR-soh Example: Lei ha perso il suo telefono. – She lost her phone. • abbiamo perso – We lost Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo PEHR-soh Example: Abbiamo perso il contatto. – We lost touch. • avete perso – You (plural) lost Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh PEHR-soh Example: Avete perso l’occasione. – You (plural) missed the opportunity. • hanno perso – They lost Pronunciation: AH-noh PEHR-soh Example: Loro hanno perso il gioco. – They lost the game. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • perdevo – I was losing Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-voh Example: Perdevo molto tempo in passato. – I was losing a lot of time in the past. • perdevi – You were losing Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-vee Example: Tu perdevi la pazienza ogni giorno. – You were losing your patience every day. • perdeva – He/She was losing Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-vah Example: Lui perdeva sempre nelle gare. – He was always losing in the races. • perdevamo – We were losing Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-vah-mo Example: Noi perdevamo durante le partite. – We were losing during the games. • perdevate – You (plural) were losing Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-vah-teh Example: Voi perdevate spesso nella scuola. – You (plural) were losing often at school. • perdevano – They were losing Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-vah-noh Example: Loro perdevano ogni volta. – They were losing every time. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • perderò – I will lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-ROH Example: Perderò il mio treno se non mi sbrigo. – I will miss my train if I don’t hurry. • perderai – You will lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-RYE Example: Perderai la tua opportunità. – You will lose your opportunity. • perderà – He/She will lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-RAH Example: Lui perderà la partita. – He will lose the game. • perderemo – We will lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-REH-mo Example: Perderemo se non miglioriamo. – We will lose if we don’t improve. • perderete – You (plural) will lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-REH-teh Example: Voi perderete il concorso. – You (plural) will lose the contest. • perderanno – They will lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-RAH-noh Example: Loro perderanno la partita se non si allenano. – They will lose the game if they don’t train. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • perderei – I would lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-RAY Example: Perderei se non studiassi. – I would lose if I didn’t study. • perderesti – You would lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-REH-stee Example: Perderesti il gioco se non ti concentrassi. – You would lose the game if you didn’t focus. • perderebbe – He/She would lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-REH-beh Example: Lui perderebbe se non si preparasse. – He would lose if he didn’t prepare. • perderemmo – We would lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-REHM-mo Example: Noi perderemmo il viaggio se non prenotassimo. – We would lose the trip if we didn’t book. • perdereste – You (plural) would lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-REH-steh Example: Voi perdereste l’opportunità se non agiste subito. – You (plural) would lose the opportunity if you didn’t act immediately. • perderebbero – They would lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-REH-breh-noh Example: Loro perderebbero il match se non si allenassero. – They would lose the match if they didn’t train. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) perdi – Lose (informal singular) Pronunciation: PEHR-dee Example: Perdi il tuo tempo con queste sciocchezze! – Don’t lose your time with this nonsense! • (Lei) perda – Lose (formal singular) Pronunciation: PEHR-dah Example: Perda ogni speranza. – Lose all hope. • (noi) perdiamo – Let’s lose Pronunciation: PEHR-dyah-mo Example: Perdiamo la partita insieme! – Let’s lose the game together! • (voi) perdete – You (plural) lose Pronunciation: PEHR-deh-teh Example: Perdete la pazienza troppo facilmente! – You (plural) lose patience too easily! • (loro) perdano – Let them lose Pronunciation: PEHR-dah-noh Example: Loro perdano come vogliono. – Let them lose however they want. ⸻

Answer 27

Infinitive • cercare – to search Pronunciation: cher-KAH-reh Example: Devo cercare una soluzione. – I need to search for a solution. ⸻ Gerund • cercando – searching Pronunciation: cher-KAHN-doh Example: Sto cercando una risposta. – I’m searching for an answer. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io cerco – I search Pronunciation: EE-oh cher-koh Example: Io cerco le chiavi. – I search for the keys. • tu cerchi – You search Pronunciation: TOO cher-kee Example: Tu cerchi qualcosa di interessante. – You search for something interesting. • lui/lei cerca – He/She searches Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee cher-kah Example: Lui cerca il suo libro. – He searches for his book. • noi cerchiamo – We search Pronunciation: NOY cher-khah-mo Example: Noi cerchiamo una soluzione. – We search for a solution. • voi cercate – You (plural) search Pronunciation: VOY cher-kah-teh Example: Voi cercate sempre nuove idee. – You (plural) search for new ideas. • loro cercano – They search Pronunciation: LOH-roh cher-kah-noh Example: Loro cercano un posto dove vivere. – They search for a place to live. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho cercato – I searched Pronunciation: OH cher-kah-toh Example: Ho cercato dappertutto. – I searched everywhere. • hai cercato – You searched Pronunciation: AH-ee cher-kah-toh Example: Hai cercato nel negozio? – Did you search in the store? • ha cercato – He/She searched Pronunciation: AH cher-kah-toh Example: Lei ha cercato di chiamarti. – She searched to call you. • abbiamo cercato – We searched Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo cher-kah-toh Example: Abbiamo cercato di risolvere il problema. – We searched to solve the problem. • avete cercato – You (plural) searched Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh cher-kah-toh Example: Avete cercato il documento? – Did you (plural) search for the document? • hanno cercato – They searched Pronunciation: AH-noh cher-kah-toh Example: Loro hanno cercato una soluzione. – They searched for a solution. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • cercavo – I was searching Pronunciation: cher-KAH-voh Example: Cercavo il mio telefono tutto il giorno. – I was searching for my phone all day. • cercavi – You were searching Pronunciation: cher-KAH-vee Example: Tu cercavi qualcosa di speciale. – You were searching for something special. • cercava – He/She was searching Pronunciation: cher-KAH-vah Example: Lui cercava di capire. – He was searching to understand. • cercavamo – We were searching Pronunciation: cher-KAH-vah-mo Example: Noi cercavamo un buon ristorante. – We were searching for a good restaurant. • cercavate – You (plural) were searching Pronunciation: cher-KAH-vah-teh Example: Voi cercavate nella stanza sbagliata. – You (plural) were searching in the wrong room. • cercavano – They were searching Pronunciation: cher-KAH-vah-noh Example: Loro cercavano di aiutare. – They were searching to help. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • cercherò – I will search Pronunciation: cher-keh-ROH Example: Cercherò una soluzione domani. – I will search for a solution tomorrow. • cercherai – You will search Pronunciation: cher-keh-RYE Example: Cercherai il libro in biblioteca. – You will search for the book in the library. • cercherà – He/She will search Pronunciation: cher-keh-RAH Example: Lui cercherà di arrivare presto. – He will search to arrive early. • cercheremo – We will search Pronunciation: cher-keh-REH-mo Example: Cercheremo una soluzione migliore. – We will search for a better solution. • cercherete – You (plural) will search Pronunciation: cher-keh-REH-teh Example: Voi cercherete il posto giusto. – You (plural) will search for the right place. • cercheranno – They will search Pronunciation: cher-keh-RAH-noh Example: Loro cercheranno di risolvere il problema. – They will search to solve the problem. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • cercherei – I would search Pronunciation: cher-keh-REH-ay Example: Cercherei di aiutarti se potessi. – I would search to help you if I could. • cercheresti – You would search Pronunciation: cher-keh-REH-stee Example: Cercheresti una risposta se avessi più tempo. – You would search for an answer if you had more time. • cercherebbe – He/She would search Pronunciation: cher-keh-REH-beh Example: Lui cercherebbe una soluzione migliore. – He would search for a better solution. • cercheremmo – We would search Pronunciation: cher-keh-REHM-mo Example: Noi cercheremmo un buon ristorante. – We would search for a good restaurant. • cerchereste – You (plural) would search Pronunciation: cher-keh-REH-steh Example: Voi cerchereste la chiave se l’aveste persa. – You (plural) would search for the key if you had lost it. • cercherebbero – They would search Pronunciation: cher-keh-REH-breh-noh Example: Loro cercherebbero una soluzione se fossero più pazienti. – They would search for a solution if they were more patient. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) cerca – Search (informal singular) Pronunciation: cher-kah Example: Cerca il documento sul tavolo. – Search for the document on the table. • (Lei) cerchi – Search (formal singular) Pronunciation: cher-kee Example: Cerchi il posto giusto. – Please search for the right place. • (noi) cerchiamo – Let’s search Pronunciation: cher-khah-mo Example: Cerchiamo insieme la soluzione. – Let’s search for the solution together. • (voi) cercate – You (plural) search Pronunciation: cher-kah-teh Example: Cercate nella stanza accanto. – You (plural) search in the room next door. • (loro) cerchino – Let them search Pronunciation: cher-kee-noh Example: Loro cerchino una soluzione. – Let them search for a solution.

Answer 28

Infinitive • capire – to understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-reh Example: Non capisco quello che dici. – I don’t understand what you are saying. ⸻ Gerund • capendo – understanding Pronunciation: kah-PEHN-doh Example: Sto capendo meglio il concetto. – I’m understanding the concept better. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io capisco – I understand Pronunciation: EE-oh kah-PEE-skoh Example: Io capisco la tua preoccupazione. – I understand your concern. • tu capisci – You understand Pronunciation: TOO kah-PEE-shee Example: Tu capisci questo argomento. – You understand this topic. • lui/lei capisce – He/She understands Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee kah-PEE-sheh Example: Lui capisce come funziona. – He understands how it works. • noi capiamo – We understand Pronunciation: NOY kah-PEE-ah-mo Example: Noi capiamo il problema. – We understand the problem. • voi capite – You (plural) understand Pronunciation: VOY kah-PEE-teh Example: Voi capite la lezione? – Do you (plural) understand the lesson? • loro capiscono – They understand Pronunciation: LOH-roh kah-PEE-skoh-noh Example: Loro capiscono l’importanza della situazione. – They understand the importance of the situation. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho capito – I understood Pronunciation: OH kah-PEE-toh Example: Ho capito tutto. – I understood everything. • hai capito – You understood Pronunciation: AH-ee kah-PEE-toh Example: Hai capito le istruzioni? – Did you understand the instructions? • ha capito – He/She understood Pronunciation: AH kah-PEE-toh Example: Lei ha capito subito. – She understood immediately. • abbiamo capito – We understood Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo kah-PEE-toh Example: Abbiamo capito il problema. – We understood the problem. • avete capito – You (plural) understood Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh kah-PEE-toh Example: Avete capito la domanda? – Did you (plural) understand the question? • hanno capito – They understood Pronunciation: AH-noh kah-PEE-toh Example: Loro hanno capito la risposta. – They understood the answer. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • capivo – I was understanding Pronunciation: kah-PEE-voh Example: Capivo poco quando ero giovane. – I understood little when I was young. • capivi – You were understanding Pronunciation: kah-PEE-vee Example: Tu capivi facilmente. – You understood easily. • capiva – He/She was understanding Pronunciation: kah-PEE-vah Example: Lui capiva la situazione. – He was understanding the situation. • capivamo – We were understanding Pronunciation: kah-PEE-vah-mo Example: Noi capivamo molto bene. – We understood very well. • capivate – You (plural) were understanding Pronunciation: kah-PEE-vah-teh Example: Voi capivate il significato. – You (plural) were understanding the meaning. • capivano – They were understanding Pronunciation: kah-PEE-vah-noh Example: Loro capivano il progetto. – They were understanding the project. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • capirò – I will understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-roh Example: Capirò meglio dopo aver studiato. – I will understand better after studying. • capirai – You will understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-rye Example: Capirai presto. – You will understand soon. • capirà – He/She will understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-rah Example: Lui capirà la risposta. – He will understand the answer. • capiremo – We will understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-reh-mo Example: Noi capiremo tutto. – We will understand everything. • capirete – You (plural) will understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-reh-teh Example: Voi capirete la lezione. – You (plural) will understand the lesson. • capiranno – They will understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-rah-noh Example: Loro capiranno come fare. – They will understand how to do it. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • capirei – I would understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-ray Example: Capirei meglio se spiegassi meglio. – I would understand better if you explained better. • capiresti – You would understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-resti Example: Capiresti se parlassi lentamente. – You would understand if I spoke slowly. • capirebbe – He/She would understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-reh-beh Example: Lui capirebbe la situazione se avesse più tempo. – He would understand the situation if he had more time. • capiremmo – We would understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-rehm-mo Example: Noi capiremmo il concetto se fossimo più attenti. – We would understand the concept if we were more attentive. • capireste – You (plural) would understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-reh-steh Example: Voi capireste se studiaste di più. – You (plural) would understand if you studied more. • capirebbero – They would understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-reh-breh-noh Example: Loro capirebbero il progetto se ne parlassimo. – They would understand the project if we talked about it. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) capisci – Understand (informal singular) Pronunciation: kah-PEE-shee Example: Capisci? – Do you understand? • (Lei) capisca – Understand (formal singular) Pronunciation: kah-PEE-skah Example: Capisca, per favore! – Please understand! • (noi) capiamo – Let’s understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-ah-mo Example: Capiremo tutto insieme. – Let’s understand everything together. • (voi) capite – You (plural) understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-teh Example: Capite il punto? – Do you (plural) understand the point? • (loro) capiscano – Let them understand Pronunciation: kah-PEE-skah-noh Example: Loro capiscano la situazione. – Let them understand the situation.

Answer 29

Infinitive • dovere – to have to, must Pronunciation: doh-VEH-reh Example: Devo andare al lavoro. – I must go to work. ⸻ Gerund • dovendo – having to Pronunciation: doh-VEHN-doh Example: Sto facendo i compiti, dovendo studiare per l’esame. – I am doing my homework, having to study for the exam. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io devo – I must Pronunciation: EE-oh DEH-voh Example: Io devo studiare. – I must study. • tu devi – You must Pronunciation: TOO DEH-vee Example: Tu devi mangiare. – You must eat. • lui/lei deve – He/She must Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee DEH-veh Example: Lei deve lavorare. – She must work. • noi dobbiamo – We must Pronunciation: NOY doh-BYAH-mo Example: Noi dobbiamo andare al negozio. – We must go to the store. • voi dovete – You (plural) must Pronunciation: VOY doh-VEH-teh Example: Voi dovete finire il progetto. – You (plural) must finish the project. • loro devono – They must Pronunciation: LOH-roh DEH-voh-noh Example: Loro devono svegliarsi presto. – They must wake up early. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho dovuto – I had to Pronunciation: OH doh-VOO-toh Example: Ho dovuto studiare tutta la notte. – I had to study all night. • hai dovuto – You had to Pronunciation: AH-ee doh-VOO-toh Example: Hai dovuto lavorare ieri. – You had to work yesterday. • ha dovuto – He/She had to Pronunciation: AH doh-VOO-toh Example: Lui ha dovuto partire presto. – He had to leave early. • abbiamo dovuto – We had to Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo doh-VOO-toh Example: Abbiamo dovuto fare i compiti. – We had to do the homework. • avete dovuto – You (plural) had to Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh doh-VOO-toh Example: Avete dovuto aspettare troppo a lungo. – You (plural) had to wait too long. • hanno dovuto – They had to Pronunciation: AH-noh doh-VOO-toh Example: Loro hanno dovuto rinunciare al viaggio. – They had to cancel the trip. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • dovevo – I had to Pronunciation: doh-VEH-voh Example: Dovevo studiare quando ero giovane. – I had to study when I was young. • dovevi – You had to Pronunciation: doh-VEH-vee Example: Tu dovevi svegliarti presto. – You had to wake up early. • doveva – He/She had to Pronunciation: doh-VEH-vah Example: Lui doveva fare i compiti. – He had to do his homework. • dovevamo – We had to Pronunciation: doh-VEH-vah-mo Example: Noi dovevamo lavorare insieme. – We had to work together. • dovevate – You (plural) had to Pronunciation: doh-VEH-vah-teh Example: Voi dovevate partire prima. – You (plural) had to leave earlier. • dovevano – They had to Pronunciation: doh-VEH-vah-noh Example: Loro dovevano arrivare prima. – They had to arrive earlier. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • dovrò – I will have to Pronunciation: doh-VROH Example: Dovrò lavorare domani. – I will have to work tomorrow. • dovrai – You will have to Pronunciation: doh-VRAI Example: Dovrai studiare per l’esame. – You will have to study for the exam. • dovrà – He/She will have to Pronunciation: doh-VRAH Example: Lui dovrà prendere l’autobus. – He will have to take the bus. • dovremo – We will have to Pronunciation: doh-VREH-mo Example: Noi dovremo andare a scuola. – We will have to go to school. • dovrete – You (plural) will have to Pronunciation: doh-VREH-teh Example: Voi dovrete parlare con il direttore. – You (plural) will have to speak with the manager. • dovranno – They will have to Pronunciation: doh-VRAH-noh Example: Loro dovranno finire il progetto. – They will have to finish the project. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • dovrei – I would have to Pronunciation: doh-VREH-ee Example: Dovrei studiare di più. – I would have to study more. • dovresti – You would have to Pronunciation: doh-VREH-stee Example: Dovresti parlare con il professore. – You would have to talk to the professor. • dovremmo – We would have to Pronunciation: doh-VREHM-mo Example: Dovremmo lavorare insieme. – We would have to work together. • dovreste – You (plural) would have to Pronunciation: doh-VREH-steh Example: Voi dovreste arrivare puntuali. – You (plural) would have to arrive on time. • dovrebbero – They would have to Pronunciation: doh-VREH-breh-noh Example: Loro dovrebbero studiare di più. – They would have to study more. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) devi – You must (informal singular) Pronunciation: DEH-vee Example: Devi mangiare! – You must eat! • (Lei) deve – You must (formal singular) Pronunciation: DEH-veh Example: Lei deve venire con noi. – You must come with us. • (noi) dobbiamo – Let’s must Pronunciation: doh-BYAH-mo Example: Dobbiamo fare attenzione. – Let’s pay attention. • (voi) dovete – You (plural) must Pronunciation: doh-VEH-teh Example: Dovete studiare di più! – You (plural) must study more! • (loro) devano – Let them must Pronunciation: DEH-vah-noh Example: Loro devano lavorare più duramente. – Let them work harder. ⸻

Answer 30

Infinitive • girare – to turn Pronunciation: gee-RAH-reh Example: Devo girare a sinistra. – I need to turn left. ⸻ Gerund • girando – turning Pronunciation: gee-RAHN-doh Example: Sto girando intorno alla piazza. – I am turning around the square. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io giro – I turn Pronunciation: EE-oh JEE-roh Example: Io giro sempre a destra. – I always turn right. • tu giri – You turn Pronunciation: TOO JEE-ree Example: Tu giri troppo velocemente! – You turn too fast! • lui/lei gira – He/She turns Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee JEE-rah Example: Lei gira alla rotonda. – She turns at the roundabout. • noi giriamo – We turn Pronunciation: NOY JEE-ree-ah-mo Example: Noi giriamo alla prossima strada. – We turn at the next road. • voi girate – You (plural) turn Pronunciation: VOY JEE-rah-teh Example: Voi girate subito a destra. – You (plural) turn right immediately. • loro girano – They turn Pronunciation: LOH-roh JEE-rah-noh Example: Loro girano a sinistra. – They turn left. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho girato – I turned Pronunciation: OH JEE-rah-toh Example: Ho girato alla prima via a sinistra. – I turned at the first street on the left. • hai girato – You turned Pronunciation: AH-ee JEE-rah-toh Example: Hai girato troppo presto! – You turned too soon! • ha girato – He/She turned Pronunciation: AH JEE-rah-toh Example: Lui ha girato a destra senza fare attenzione. – He turned right without paying attention. • abbiamo girato – We turned Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo JEE-rah-toh Example: Abbiamo girato alla rotonda. – We turned at the roundabout. • avete girato – You (plural) turned Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh JEE-rah-toh Example: Avete girato troppo tardi. – You (plural) turned too late. • hanno girato – They turned Pronunciation: AH-noh JEE-rah-toh Example: Loro hanno girato in direzione opposta. – They turned in the opposite direction. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • giravo – I used to turn Pronunciation: gee-RAH-voh Example: Giravo sempre a sinistra quando ero giovane. – I used to turn left when I was young. • giravi – You used to turn Pronunciation: gee-RAH-vee Example: Tu giravi molto velocemente da ragazzo. – You used to turn very quickly when you were a kid. • girava – He/She used to turn Pronunciation: gee-RAH-vah Example: Lui girava in tondo senza motivo. – He used to turn in circles for no reason. • giravamo – We used to turn Pronunciation: gee-RAH-vah-mo Example: Noi giravamo sempre a sinistra per evitare il traffico. – We used to turn left to avoid the traffic. • giravate – You (plural) used to turn Pronunciation: gee-RAH-vah-teh Example: Voi giravate al semaforo rosso. – You (plural) used to turn at the red light. • giravano – They used to turn Pronunciation: gee-RAH-vah-noh Example: Loro giravano sempre quando c’era il semaforo verde. – They used to turn when the light was green. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • girerò – I will turn Pronunciation: gee-reh-ROH Example: Girerò a destra tra poco. – I will turn right in a moment. • girerai – You will turn Pronunciation: gee-reh-RAI Example: Girerai a sinistra al prossimo semaforo. – You will turn left at the next traffic light. • girerà – He/She will turn Pronunciation: gee-reh-RAH Example: Lui girerà al semaforo verde. – He will turn at the green traffic light. • gireremo – We will turn Pronunciation: gee-reh-REH-mo Example: Gireremo quando vediamo il segnale. – We will turn when we see the sign. • girerete – You (plural) will turn Pronunciation: gee-reh-REH-teh Example: Voi girerete alla rotonda. – You (plural) will turn at the roundabout. • gireranno – They will turn Pronunciation: gee-reh-RAH-noh Example: Loro gireranno subito dopo il ponte. – They will turn right after the bridge. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • girerei – I would turn Pronunciation: gee-reh-REH-ee Example: Girerei, ma non posso. – I would turn, but I can’t. • gireresti – You would turn Pronunciation: gee-reh-REH-stee Example: Gireresti a sinistra se fosse più sicuro. – You would turn left if it were safer. • gireremmo – We would turn Pronunciation: gee-reh-REHM-mo Example: Gireremmo, ma il traffico è troppo pesante. – We would turn, but the traffic is too heavy. • girereste – You (plural) would turn Pronunciation: gee-reh-REH-steh Example: Voi girereste se aveste più tempo. – You (plural) would turn if you had more time. • girerebbero – They would turn Pronunciation: gee-reh-REH-bbe-roh Example: Loro girerebbero se non fosse per la pioggia. – They would turn if it weren’t for the rain. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) gira – Turn (informal singular) Pronunciation: JEE-rah Example: Gira a sinistra! • (Lei) giri – Turn (formal singular) Pronunciation: JEE-ree Example: Giri a destra, per favore. – Please turn right. • (noi) giriamo – Let’s turn Pronunciation: JEE-ree-ah-mo Example: Giriamo subito! – Let’s turn now! • (voi) girate – Turn (plural) Pronunciation: JEE-rah-teh Example: Girate a sinistra alla rotonda! – Turn left at the roundabout! • (loro) girino – Let them turn Pronunciation: JEE-ree-noh Example: Loro girino quando è sicuro. – Let them turn when it is safe.

Answer 31

Infinitive • virare – to turn Pronunciation: vee-RAH-reh Example: Dobbiamo virare a sinistra. – We need to turn left. ⸻ Gerund • virando – turning Pronunciation: vee-RAHN-doh Example: Sto virando per evitare l’ostacolo. – I am turning to avoid the obstacle. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io viro – I turn Pronunciation: EE-oh VEE-roh Example: Io viro a destra dopo il semaforo. – I turn right after the traffic light. • tu viri – You turn Pronunciation: TOO VEE-ree Example: Tu viri troppo tardi! – You turn too late! • lui/lei vira – He/She turns Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee VEE-rah Example: Lui vira senza segnalarlo. – He turns without signaling. • noi viramo – We turn Pronunciation: NOY VEE-rah-mo Example: Noi viramo per la curva successiva. – We turn for the next curve. • voi virate – You (plural) turn Pronunciation: VOY VEE-rah-teh Example: Voi virate a destra al semaforo. – You (plural) turn right at the traffic light. • loro virano – They turn Pronunciation: LOH-roh VEE-rah-noh Example: Loro virano in direzione opposta. – They turn in the opposite direction. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho virato – I turned Pronunciation: OH VEE-rah-toh Example: Ho virato all’angolo prima. – I turned at the corner earlier. • hai virato – You turned Pronunciation: AH-ee VEE-rah-toh Example: Hai virato troppo presto. – You turned too soon. • ha virato – He/She turned Pronunciation: AH VEE-rah-toh Example: Lei ha virato a sinistra. – She turned left. • abbiamo virato – We turned Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo VEE-rah-toh Example: Abbiamo virato a destra alla rotonda. – We turned right at the roundabout. • avete virato – You (plural) turned Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh VEE-rah-toh Example: Avete virato senza fare attenzione. – You (plural) turned without paying attention. • hanno virato – They turned Pronunciation: AH-noh VEE-rah-toh Example: Loro hanno virato prima di arrivare al semaforo. – They turned before reaching the traffic light. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • viravo – I used to turn Pronunciation: vee-RAH-voh Example: Viravo spesso a sinistra per evitare il traffico. – I used to turn left to avoid the traffic. • viravi – You used to turn Pronunciation: vee-RAH-vee Example: Tu viravi sempre al primo semaforo. – You used to turn at the first traffic light. • virava – He/She used to turn Pronunciation: vee-RAH-vah Example: Lui virava in modo brusco. – He used to turn abruptly. • viravamo – We used to turn Pronunciation: vee-RAH-vah-mo Example: Noi viravamo sempre a sinistra dopo il ponte. – We used to turn left after the bridge. • viravate – You (plural) used to turn Pronunciation: vee-RAH-vah-teh Example: Voi viravate troppo presto nei giri. – You (plural) used to turn too soon on turns. • viravano – They used to turn Pronunciation: vee-RAH-vah-noh Example: Loro viravano spesso a destra. – They used to turn right often. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • virerò – I will turn Pronunciation: vee-REH-roh Example: Virerò a sinistra al prossimo incrocio. – I will turn left at the next intersection. • virerai – You will turn Pronunciation: vee-REH-rai Example: Virerai subito dopo il semaforo. – You will turn right after the traffic light. • virerà – He/She will turn Pronunciation: vee-REH-rah Example: Lui virerà alla rotonda. – He will turn at the roundabout. • vireremo – We will turn Pronunciation: vee-REH-reh-mo Example: Vireremo a destra tra poco. – We will turn right soon. • virerete – You (plural) will turn Pronunciation: vee-REH-reh-teh Example: Voi virerete prima del semaforo. – You (plural) will turn before the traffic light. • vireranno – They will turn Pronunciation: vee-REH-ran-noh Example: Loro vireranno a sinistra. – They will turn left. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • virerei – I would turn Pronunciation: vee-reh-REH-ee Example: Virerei se fossi più sicuro. – I would turn if I were more sure. • vireresti – You would turn Pronunciation: vee-reh-REH-stee Example: Vireresti a destra se lo chiedessi. – You would turn right if I asked you. • virerebbe – He/She would turn Pronunciation: vee-reh-REH-bbeh Example: Lui virerebbe se avesse una mappa. – He would turn if he had a map. • vireremmo – We would turn Pronunciation: vee-reh-REHM-mo Example: Vireremmo se ci fosse una strada migliore. – We would turn if there was a better road. • virereste – You (plural) would turn Pronunciation: vee-reh-REH-steh Example: Virereste se aveste più tempo. – You (plural) would turn if you had more time. • virerebbero – They would turn Pronunciation: vee-reh-REH-bbe-roh Example: Loro virerebbero se lo chiedessimo. – They would turn if we asked them. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) vira – Turn (informal singular) Pronunciation: VEE-rah Example: Vira subito a destra! – Turn right immediately! • (Lei) viri – Turn (formal singular) Pronunciation: VEE-ree Example: Viri a sinistra, per favore. – Please turn left. • (noi) viramo – Let’s turn Pronunciation: vee-RAH-mo Example: Viramo insieme a sinistra! – Let’s turn left together! • (voi) virate – Turn (plural) Pronunciation: vee-RAH-teh Example: Virate a destra quando arrivate al semaforo! – Turn right when you get to the traffic light! • (loro) virino – Let them turn Pronunciation: VEE-ree-noh Example: Loro virino appena possibile. – Let them turn as soon as possible.

Answer 32

Infinitive • trovare – to find Pronunciation: troh-VAH-reh Example: Non riesco a trovare le chiavi. – I can’t find the keys. ⸻ Gerund • trovando – finding Pronunciation: troh-VAN-doh Example: Sto trovando molte soluzioni. – I am finding many solutions. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io trovo – I find Pronunciation: EE-oh TROH-voh Example: Trovo sempre cose interessanti nei libri. – I always find interesting things in books. • tu trovi – You find Pronunciation: TOO TROH-vee Example: Tu trovi sempre il modo di aiutare. – You always find a way to help. • lui/lei trova – He/She finds Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee TROH-vah Example: Lei trova sempre scuse per non venire. – She always finds excuses for not coming. • noi troviamo – We find Pronunciation: NOY troh-VEE-ah-mo Example: Noi troviamo la soluzione nel nostro lavoro. – We find the solution in our work. • voi trovate – You (plural) find Pronunciation: VOY troh-VAH-teh Example: Voi trovate sempre il tempo per aiutare. – You (plural) always find the time to help. • loro trovano – They find Pronunciation: LOH-roh TROH-vah-noh Example: Loro trovano la felicità nelle piccole cose. – They find happiness in the small things. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho trovato – I found Pronunciation: OH troh-VAH-toh Example: Ho trovato il mio telefono! – I found my phone! • hai trovato – You found Pronunciation: AH-ee troh-VAH-toh Example: Hai trovato le risposte per l’esame? – Did you find the answers for the exam? • ha trovato – He/She found Pronunciation: AH troh-VAH-toh Example: Lui ha trovato un lavoro interessante. – He found an interesting job. • abbiamo trovato – We found Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo troh-VAH-toh Example: Abbiamo trovato una soluzione al problema. – We found a solution to the problem. • avete trovato – You (plural) found Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh troh-VAH-toh Example: Avete trovato la vostra strada? – Did you (plural) find your way? • hanno trovato – They found Pronunciation: AH-noh troh-VAH-toh Example: Loro hanno trovato un posto dove vivere. – They found a place to live. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • trovavo – I used to find Pronunciation: troh-VAH-voh Example: Trovavo sempre pace nella lettura. – I used to find peace in reading. • trovavi – You used to find Pronunciation: troh-VAH-vee Example: Tu trovavi spesso nuove idee durante le passeggiate. – You used to find new ideas during walks. • trovava – He/She used to find Pronunciation: troh-VAH-vah Example: Lui trovava comfort nei suoi amici. – He used to find comfort in his friends. • trovavamo – We used to find Pronunciation: troh-VAH-vah-mo Example: Noi trovavamo il tempo per viaggiare ogni anno. – We used to find time to travel every year. • trovavate – You (plural) used to find Pronunciation: troh-VAH-vah-teh Example: Voi trovavate soluzioni semplici ai problemi. – You (plural) used to find simple solutions to problems. • trovavano – They used to find Pronunciation: troh-VAH-vah-noh Example: Loro trovavano sempre il modo per risolvere tutto. – They used to find a way to solve everything. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • troverò – I will find Pronunciation: troh-veh-ROH Example: Troverò una soluzione presto. – I will find a solution soon. • troverai – You will find Pronunciation: troh-veh-RAI Example: Troverai il posto giusto per te. – You will find the right place for you. • troverà – He/She will find Pronunciation: troh-veh-RAH Example: Lui troverà un’opportunità migliore. – He will find a better opportunity. • troveremo – We will find Pronunciation: troh-veh-REH-mo Example: Troveremo una risposta alla tua domanda. – We will find an answer to your question. • troverete – You (plural) will find Pronunciation: troh-veh-REH-teh Example: Troverete la vostra strada con il tempo. – You (plural) will find your way in time. • troveranno – They will find Pronunciation: troh-veh-RAH-noh Example: Loro troveranno il modo di risolvere il problema. – They will find a way to solve the problem. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • troverei – I would find Pronunciation: troh-veh-REH-ee Example: Troverei la pace se avessi più tempo. – I would find peace if I had more time. • troveresti – You would find Pronunciation: troh-veh-REH-stee Example: Troveresti il modo di aiutare, vero? – You would find a way to help, right? • troverebbe – He/She would find Pronunciation: troh-veh-REH-bbeh Example: Lui troverebbe la felicità se cambiassero le circostanze. – He would find happiness if the circumstances changed. • troveremmo – We would find Pronunciation: troh-veh-REHM-mo Example: Troveremmo una soluzione se lavorassimo insieme. – We would find a solution if we worked together. • trovereste – You (plural) would find Pronunciation: troh-veh-REH-steh Example: Trovereste il modo di aiutarci se vi chiedessimo. – You (plural) would find a way to help us if we asked you. • troverebbero – They would find Pronunciation: troh-veh-REH-bbe-roh Example: Loro troverebbero una soluzione se avessero più risorse. – They would find a solution if they had more resources. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) trova – Find (informal singular) Pronunciation: TROH-vah Example: Trova la chiave, per favore! – Find the key, please! • (Lei) trovi – Find (formal singular) Pronunciation: TROH-vee Example: Trovi il posto giusto per lei. – Find the right place for her. • (noi) troviamo – Let’s find Pronunciation: troh-VEE-ah-mo Example: Troviamo una soluzione insieme! – Let’s find a solution together! • (voi) trovate – Find (plural) Pronunciation: troh-VAH-teh Example: Trovate la risposta giusta! – Find the right answer! • (loro) trovino – Let them find Pronunciation: TROH-vee-noh Example: Loro trovino una soluzione al problema. – Let them find a solution to the problem.

Answer 33

Infinitive • curare – to nurse / treat Pronunciation: koo-RAH-reh Example: Il dottore deve curare i pazienti. – The doctor must treat the patients. ⸻ Gerund • curando – treating Pronunciation: koo-RAHN-doh Example: Sto curando un paziente con febbre alta. – I am treating a patient with a high fever. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io curo – I treat Pronunciation: EE-oh KOO-roh Example: Io curo i malati al pronto soccorso. – I treat the sick at the emergency room. • tu curi – You treat Pronunciation: TOO KOO-ree Example: Tu curi il tuo cane con molta attenzione. – You treat your dog with a lot of care. • lui/lei cura – He/She treats Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee KOO-rah Example: Lui cura i suoi pazienti con professionalità. – He treats his patients with professionalism. • noi curiamo – We treat Pronunciation: NOY koo-REE-ah-mo Example: Noi curiamo i bambini malati nel nostro ospedale. – We treat sick children in our hospital. • voi curate – You (plural) treat Pronunciation: VOY koo-RAH-teh Example: Voi curate tutti i vostri pazienti con molta cura. – You (plural) treat all your patients with great care. • loro curano – They treat Pronunciation: LOH-roh KOO-rah-noh Example: Loro curano gli anziani nel centro sanitario. – They treat the elderly at the health center. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho curato – I treated Pronunciation: OH koo-RAH-toh Example: Ho curato molte persone durante la mia carriera. – I have treated many people during my career. • hai curato – You treated Pronunciation: AH-ee koo-RAH-toh Example: Hai curato il tuo paziente per un’infezione? – Did you treat your patient for an infection? • ha curato – He/She treated Pronunciation: AH koo-RAH-toh Example: Lei ha curato il ferito con molta attenzione. – She treated the injured person with great care. • abbiamo curato – We treated Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo koo-RAH-toh Example: Abbiamo curato tutti i pazienti durante il turno di notte. – We treated all the patients during the night shift. • avete curato – You (plural) treated Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh koo-RAH-toh Example: Avete curato il bambino per la febbre? – Did you (plural) treat the child for the fever? • hanno curato – They treated Pronunciation: AH-noh koo-RAH-toh Example: Loro hanno curato il malato per diversi giorni. – They treated the sick person for several days. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • curavo – I used to treat Pronunciation: koo-RAH-voh Example: Curavo molti pazienti quando ero giovane. – I used to treat many patients when I was young. • curavi – You used to treat Pronunciation: koo-RAH-vee Example: Tu curavi il tuo cane ogni giorno. – You used to treat your dog every day. • curava – He/She used to treat Pronunciation: koo-RAH-vah Example: Lui curava i suoi pazienti con grande dedizione. – He used to treat his patients with great dedication. • curavamo – We used to treat Pronunciation: koo-RAH-vah-mo Example: Curavamo i bambini malati ogni inverno. – We used to treat sick children every winter. • curavate – You (plural) used to treat Pronunciation: koo-RAH-vah-teh Example: Voi curavate i vostri animali in modo naturale. – You (plural) used to treat your animals naturally. • curavano – They used to treat Pronunciation: koo-RAH-vah-noh Example: Loro curavano gli anziani nella casa di riposo. – They used to treat the elderly in the nursing home. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • curerò – I will treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-ROH Example: Curerò i pazienti con nuovi metodi. – I will treat the patients with new methods. • curerai – You will treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-RAI Example: Curerai il ferito subito dopo l’incidente? – Will you treat the injured person right after the accident? • curerà – He/She will treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-RAH Example: Lui curerà tutti i malati entro stasera. – He will treat all the sick by tonight. • cureremo – We will treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-REH-mo Example: Curerò i bambini con un nuovo vaccino. – We will treat the children with a new vaccine. • curerete – You (plural) will treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-REH-teh Example: Curerete i vostri pazienti con molta attenzione. – You (plural) will treat your patients with great care. • cureranno – They will treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-RAH-noh Example: Loro cureranno i malati durante la pandemia. – They will treat the sick during the pandemic. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • curerei – I would treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-REH-ee Example: Curerei i miei pazienti con più tempo se potessi. – I would treat my patients with more time if I could. • cureresti – You would treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-REH-stee Example: Cureresti il cane con i rimedi naturali? – Would you treat the dog with natural remedies? • curerebbe – He/She would treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-REH-bbeh Example: Lui curerebbe i malati se avesse più risorse. – He would treat the sick if he had more resources. • cureremmo – We would treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-REHM-mo Example: Cureremmo i nostri pazienti più velocemente se avessimo più personale. – We would treat our patients faster if we had more staff. • curereste – You (plural) would treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-REH-steh Example: Curereste il ferito se lo portassimo in ospedale? – Would you (plural) treat the injured person if we took him to the hospital? • curerebbero – They would treat Pronunciation: koo-reh-REH-bbe-roh Example: Loro curerebbero i bambini con una medicina migliore. – They would treat the children with better medicine. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) cura – Treat (informal singular) Pronunciation: KOO-rah Example: Cura il tuo cane con questa medicina! – Treat your dog with this medicine! • (Lei) curi – Treat (formal singular) Pronunciation: KOO-ree Example: Curi il paziente con molta attenzione, per favore. – Treat the patient with great care, please. • (noi) curiamo – Let’s treat Pronunciation: koo-REE-ah-mo Example: Curami, per favore, sto male! – Treat me, please, I feel sick! • (voi) curate – Treat (plural) Pronunciation: koo-RAH-teh Example: Curate il vostro cane regolarmente. – Treat your dog regularly. • (loro) curino – Let them treat Pronunciation: KOO-ree-noh Example: Loro curino i bambini con molta cura. – Let them treat the children with great care.

Answer 34

Infinitive • aiutare – to help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-TAH-ray Example: Voglio aiutare i miei amici con i compiti. – I want to help my friends with their homework. ⸻ Gerund • aiutando – helping Pronunciation: ah-yoo-TAHN-do Example: Sto aiutando mia madre in cucina. – I am helping my mother in the kitchen. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io aiuto – I help Pronunciation: EE-oh ah-YOO-toh Example: Io aiuto sempre i miei genitori. – I always help my parents. • tu aiuti – You help Pronunciation: TOO ah-YOO-tee Example: Tu aiuti sempre gli altri. – You always help others. • lui/lei aiuta – He/She helps Pronunciation: LOO-ee/LEH-ee ah-YOO-tah Example: Lui aiuta i bambini a fare i compiti. – He helps the children with their homework. • noi aiutiamo – We help Pronunciation: NOY ah-yoo-TYAH-mo Example: Noi aiutiamo i vicini a portare la spesa. – We help the neighbors carry the groceries. • voi aiutate – You (plural) help Pronunciation: VOY ah-yoo-TAH-teh Example: Voi aiutate gli amici quando hanno bisogno. – You (pl.) help your friends when they need it. • loro aiutano – They help Pronunciation: LOH-roh ah-YOO-tah-noh Example: Loro aiutano a organizzare l’evento. – They help organize the event. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho aiutato – I helped Pronunciation: OH ah-yoo-TAH-toh Example: Ho aiutato mio fratello con il suo progetto. – I helped my brother with his project. • hai aiutato – You helped Pronunciation: AH-ee ah-yoo-TAH-toh Example: Hai aiutato il tuo amico ieri? – Did you help your friend yesterday? • ha aiutato – He/She helped Pronunciation: AH ah-yoo-TAH-toh Example: Lui ha aiutato la nonna a fare la spesa. – He helped his grandmother do the shopping. • abbiamo aiutato – We helped Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo ah-yoo-TAH-toh Example: Abbiamo aiutato i nostri colleghi con il lavoro. – We helped our colleagues with the work. • avete aiutato – You (plural) helped Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh ah-yoo-TAH-toh Example: Avete aiutato a sistemare la casa? – Did you (pl.) help to tidy the house? • hanno aiutato – They helped Pronunciation: AH-noh ah-yoo-TAH-toh Example: Hanno aiutato a costruire il giardino. – They helped build the garden. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • aiutavo – I used to help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-TAH-voh Example: Aiutavo sempre mia madre quando ero giovane. – I used to help my mother when I was young. • aiutavi – You used to help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-TAH-vee Example: Aiutavi gli altri studenti durante la lezione. – You used to help the other students during class. • aiutava – He/She used to help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-TAH-vah Example: Lui aiutava la sua famiglia con i lavori di casa. – He used to help his family with the housework. • aiutavamo – We used to help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-tah-VAH-mo Example: Aiutavamo gli amici a traslocare ogni estate. – We used to help our friends move every summer. • aiutavate – You (plural) used to help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-tah-VAH-teh Example: Aiutavate i bambini a fare i compiti dopo scuola? – Did you (pl.) help the children with their homework after school? • aiutavano – They used to help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-TAH-va-noh Example: Loro aiutavano i loro genitori a preparare la cena. – They used to help their parents prepare dinner. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • aiuterò – I will help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-ROH Example: Domani aiuterò i miei amici a studiare. – Tomorrow I will help my friends study. • aiuterai – You will help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-RAI Example: Aiuterai tuo padre con il giardino? – Will you help your father with the garden? • aiuterà – He/She will help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-RAH Example: Lui aiuterà a risolvere il problema. – He will help solve the problem. • aiuteremo – We will help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-REH-mo Example: Aiuteremo i bambini con la lettura. – We will help the children with reading. • aiuterete – You (plural) will help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-REH-teh Example: Aiuterete gli anziani a fare la spesa? – Will you (pl.) help the elderly do their shopping? • aiuteranno – They will help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-RAH-noh Example: Loro aiuteranno a organizzare la festa. – They will help organize the party. ⸻ Condizionale Presente (Conditional) • aiuterei – I would help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-REH-ee Example: Aiuterei volentieri, ma non ho tempo. – I would help gladly, but I don’t have time. • aiuteresti – You would help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-REH-stee Example: Aiuteresti tuo fratello se avesse bisogno? – Would you help your brother if he needed it? • aiuterebbe – He/She would help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-REH-bbeh Example: Lui aiuterebbe se potesse. – He would help if he could. • aiuteremmo – We would help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-REH-mmo Example: Aiuteremmo i colleghi, ma non siamo sicuri come fare. – We would help the colleagues, but we are not sure how to do it. • aiutereste – You (plural) would help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-REH-steh Example: Aiutereste gli altri se aveste tempo? – Would you (pl.) help others if you had time? • aiuterebbero – They would help Pronunciation: ah-yoo-teh-REH-bbe-roh Example: Loro aiuterebbero se sapessero come. – They would help if they knew how. ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive) • che io aiuti – That I help Pronunciation: keh ee-oh ah-YOO-tee Example: Spero che io aiuti a risolvere il problema. – I hope that I help solve the problem. • che tu aiuti – That you help Pronunciation: keh too ah-YOO-tee Example: È importante che tu aiuti il tuo amico. – It’s important that you help your friend. • che lui/lei aiuti – That he/she helps Pronunciation: keh LOO-ee / LEH-ee ah-YOO-tee Example: Desidero che lui aiuti nella preparazione del pranzo. – I wish he would help in the preparation of lunch. • che noi aiutiamo – That we help Pronunciation: keh NOY ah-yoo-TYAH-mo Example: Penso che noi aiutiamo a migliorare la situazione. – I think we help improve the situation. • che voi aiutate – That you (plural) help Pronunciation: keh VOY ah-yoo-TAH-teh Example: Spero che voi aiutate durante l’emergenza. – I hope you (pl.) help during the emergency. • che loro aiutino – That they help Pronunciation: keh LOH-roh ah-YOO-tee-noh Example: Voglio che loro aiutino nel progetto. – I want them to help in the project. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu aiuta! – Help! Pronunciation: TOO ah-YOO-tah Example: Aiuta me con questo lavoro! – Help me with this task! • Lei aiuti! – Help! (formal) Pronunciation: LEH-ee ah-YOO-tee Example: Signora, aiuti i bambini! – Ma’am, help the children! • noi aiutiamo! – Let’s help! Pronunciation: NOY ah-yoo-TYAH-mo Example: Aiutiamo gli altri! – Let’s help others! • voi aiutate! – Help! (plural) Pronunciation: VOY ah-yoo-TAH-teh Example: Aiutate i vostri amici! – Help your friends! • loro aiutino! – Let them help! Pronunciation: LOH-roh ah-YOO-tee-noh Example: Che loro aiutino nella preparazione della cena! – Let them help in the preparation of dinner!

Answer 35

Infinitive • prendere – to take Pronunciation: PREHN-deh-reh Example: Voglio prendere un caffè. – I want to take a coffee. ⸻ Gerund • prendendo – taking Pronunciation: pren-DEHN-doh Example: Sto prendendo il libro dalla libreria. – I am taking the book from the bookshelf. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io prendo – I take Pronunciation: EE-oh PREHN-doh Example: Io prendo sempre il treno per andare al lavoro. – I always take the train to go to work. • tu prendi – You take Pronunciation: TOO PREHN-dee Example: Tu prendi un caffè ogni mattina. – You take a coffee every morning. • lui/lei prende – He/She takes Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee PREHN-deh Example: Lui prende l’autobus per andare a scuola. – He takes the bus to go to school. • noi prendiamo – We take Pronunciation: NOY prehn-DEE-ah-mo Example: Noi prendiamo il pane dal panificio. – We take the bread from the bakery. • voi prendete – You (plural) take Pronunciation: VOY prehn-DEH-teh Example: Voi prendete sempre il taxi per arrivare in centro. – You (plural) take a taxi to get downtown. • loro prendono – They take Pronunciation: LOH-roh PREHN-doh-noh Example: Loro prendono il caffè dopo pranzo. – They take coffee after lunch. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho preso – I took Pronunciation: OH PREH-zoh Example: Ho preso un taxi per arrivare in tempo. – I took a taxi to arrive on time. • hai preso – You took Pronunciation: AH-ee PREH-zoh Example: Hai preso l’ombrello? – Did you take the umbrella? • ha preso – He/She took Pronunciation: AH PREH-zoh Example: Lei ha preso il mio libro per leggere. – She took my book to read. • abbiamo preso – We took Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo PREH-zoh Example: Abbiamo preso il treno per Milano. – We took the train to Milan. • avete preso – You (plural) took Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh PREH-zoh Example: Avete preso le chiavi? – Did you (plural) take the keys? • hanno preso – They took Pronunciation: AH-noh PREH-zoh Example: Loro hanno preso il biglietto per il concerto. – They took the ticket for the concert. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • prendevo – I used to take Pronunciation: prehn-DEH-voh Example: Prendevo sempre il caffè al bar. – I used to take coffee at the bar. • prendevi – You used to take Pronunciation: prehn-DEH-vee Example: Tu prendevi il treno per la scuola. – You used to take the train to school. • prendeva – He/She used to take Pronunciation: prehn-DEH-vah Example: Lui prendeva sempre la macchina. – He used to take the car. • prendevamo – We used to take Pronunciation: prehn-DEH-vah-mo Example: Prendevamo il gelato insieme ogni domenica. – We used to take ice cream together every Sunday. • prendevate – You (plural) used to take Pronunciation: prehn-DEH-vah-teh Example: Voi prendevate sempre il treno della mattina. – You (plural) used to take the morning train. • prendevano – They used to take Pronunciation: prehn-DEH-vah-noh Example: Loro prendevano il bus per andare al lavoro. – They used to take the bus to go to work. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • prenderò – I will take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-ROH Example: Prenderò un taxi per arrivare in tempo. – I will take a taxi to arrive on time. • prenderai – You will take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-RAI Example: Prenderai il treno per Roma? – Will you take the train to Rome? • prenderà – He/She will take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-RAH Example: Lui prenderà la macchina per andare in ufficio. – He will take the car to go to the office. • prenderemo – We will take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-REH-mo Example: Prenderemo un caffè dopo pranzo. – We will take a coffee after lunch. • prenderete – You (plural) will take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-REH-teh Example: Prenderete l’autobus per andare in centro? – Will you (plural) take the bus to go downtown? • prenderanno – They will take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-RAH-noh Example: Loro prenderanno il volo per New York. – They will take the flight to New York. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • prenderei – I would take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-REH-ee Example: Prenderei un caffè, se fosse disponibile. – I would take a coffee if it were available. • prenderesti – You would take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-REH-stee Example: Prenderesti il taxi per arrivare più velocemente? – Would you take the taxi to arrive faster? • prenderebbe – He/She would take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-REH-bbeh Example: Lui prenderebbe il treno se ci fosse il posto. – He would take the train if there were space. • prenderemmo – We would take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-REHM-mo Example: Prenderemmo un caffè insieme se avessimo tempo. – We would take a coffee together if we had time. • prendereste – You (plural) would take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-REH-steh Example: Prendereste il bus per andare in centro? – Would you (plural) take the bus to go downtown? • prenderebbero – They would take Pronunciation: prehn-deh-REH-bbe-roh Example: Loro prenderebbero l’aereo se fosse più economico. – They would take the plane if it were cheaper. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) prendi – Take (informal singular) Pronunciation: PREHN-dee Example: Prendi il libro che ti ho dato! – Take the book I gave you! • (Lei) prenda – Take (formal singular) Pronunciation: PREHN-dah Example: Prenda un taxi per arrivare velocemente. – Take a taxi to arrive quickly (formal). • (noi) prendiamo – Let’s take Pronunciation: prehn-DEE-ah-mo Example: Prendiamo un caffè insieme! – Let’s take a coffee together! • (voi) prendete – Take (informal plural) Pronunciation: prehn-DEH-teh Example: Prendete un ombrello, sta per piovere! – Take an umbrella, it’s about to rain! • (loro) prendano – Let them take Pronunciation: PREHN-dah-noh Example: Loro prendano un taxi per andare in aeroporto. – Let them take a taxi to go to the airport.

Answer 36

Infinitive • mettere – to put Pronunciation: MEH-teh-reh Example: Devo mettere la giacca. – I need to put on the jacket. ⸻ Gerund • mettendo – putting Pronunciation: meh-TEN-doh Example: Sto mettendo i libri sulla scrivania. – I am putting the books on the desk. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io metto – I put Pronunciation: EE-oh MEHT-toh Example: Io metto il telefono sulla scrivania. – I put the phone on the desk. • tu metti – You put Pronunciation: TOO MEHT-tee Example: Tu metti sempre le chiavi lì! – You always put the keys there! • lui/lei mette – He/She puts Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee MEHT-teh Example: Lui mette il libro sulla mensola. – He puts the book on the shelf. • noi mettiamo – We put Pronunciation: NOY meh-TEE-ah-mo Example: Noi mettiamo i piatti sul tavolo. – We put the dishes on the table. • voi mettete – You (plural) put Pronunciation: VOY meh-TEH-teh Example: Voi mettete sempre i soldi nel cassetto. – You (plural) always put the money in the drawer. • loro mettono – They put Pronunciation: LOH-roh MEHT-toh-noh Example: Loro mettono le scarpe sotto il letto. – They put the shoes under the bed. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho messo – I put Pronunciation: OH MEH-soh Example: Ho messo il libro nella borsa. – I put the book in the bag. • hai messo – You put Pronunciation: AH-ee MEH-soh Example: Hai messo i documenti sul tavolo? – Did you put the documents on the table? • ha messo – He/She put Pronunciation: AH MEH-soh Example: Lei ha messo la giacca sulla sedia. – She put the jacket on the chair. • abbiamo messo – We put Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo MEH-soh Example: Abbiamo messo i regali sotto l’albero. – We put the gifts under the tree. • avete messo – You (plural) put Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh MEH-soh Example: Avete messo il vino in frigo? – Did you (plural) put the wine in the fridge? • hanno messo – They put Pronunciation: AH-noh MEH-soh Example: Loro hanno messo i vestiti nel cassetto. – They put the clothes in the drawer. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • mettevo – I used to put Pronunciation: meh-TEH-voh Example: Quando ero giovane, mettevo sempre il latte nel tè. – When I was young, I always put milk in my tea. • mettevi – You used to put Pronunciation: meh-TEH-vee Example: Tu mettevi spesso la musica troppo alta! – You used to put the music too loud! • metteva – He/She used to put Pronunciation: meh-TEH-vah Example: Lui metteva sempre i libri sulla sua scrivania. – He used to put the books on his desk. • mettevamo – We used to put Pronunciation: meh-teh-VAH-mo Example: Mettevamo il cibo in frigorifero. – We used to put the food in the fridge. • mettevate – You (plural) used to put Pronunciation: meh-teh-VAH-teh Example: Voi mettevate sempre il pane sulla tavola. – You (plural) used to put the bread on the table. • mettevano – They used to put Pronunciation: meh-teh-VAH-noh Example: Loro mettevano le chiavi sul tavolo. – They used to put the keys on the table. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • metterò – I will put Pronunciation: meh-teh-ROH Example: Metterò il libro sulla scrivania. – I will put the book on the desk. • metterai – You will put Pronunciation: meh-teh-RAI Example: Metterai il cappello prima di uscire? – Will you put the hat on before leaving? • metterà – He/She will put Pronunciation: meh-teh-RAH Example: Lui metterà i documenti sulla scrivania. – He will put the documents on the desk. • metteremo – We will put Pronunciation: meh-teh-REH-mo Example: Metteremo la macchina in garage. – We will put the car in the garage. • metterete – You (plural) will put Pronunciation: meh-teh-REH-teh Example: Voi metterete il vino in frigo? – Will you (plural) put the wine in the fridge? • metteranno – They will put Pronunciation: meh-teh-RAH-noh Example: Loro metteranno le scarpe sotto il letto. – They will put the shoes under the bed. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • metterei – I would put Pronunciation: meh-teh-REH-ee Example: Metterei il caffè nella tazza. – I would put the coffee in the cup. • metteresti – You would put Pronunciation: meh-teh-REH-stee Example: Metteresti i libri sulla mensola? – Would you put the books on the shelf? • metterebbe – He/She would put Pronunciation: meh-teh-REH-bbe Example: Lui metterebbe i vestiti nel cassetto. – He would put the clothes in the drawer. • metteremmo – We would put Pronunciation: meh-teh-REHM-mo Example: Noi metteremmo il vino in frigo. – We would put the wine in the fridge. • mettereste – You (plural) would put Pronunciation: meh-teh-REH-steh Example: Voi mettereste il latte nel tè? – Would you (plural) put milk in the tea? • metterebbero – They would put Pronunciation: meh-teh-REH-bbe-roh Example: Loro metterebbero il pane sulla tavola. – They would put the bread on the table. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) metti – Put (informal singular) Pronunciation: MEHT-tee Example: Metti il libro sulla scrivania! – Put the book on the desk! • (Lei) metta – Put (formal singular) Pronunciation: MEHT-tah Example: Metta il cappotto nell’armadio. – Please put the coat in the closet. • (noi) mettiamo – Let’s put Pronunciation: meh-TEE-ah-mo Example: Mettiamo i libri sul tavolo. – Let’s put the books on the table. • (voi) mettete – Put (informal plural) Pronunciation: meh-TEH-teh Example: Mettete i vestiti nella cesta! – Put the clothes in the basket! • (loro) mettano – Let them put Pronunciation: meh-TAH-noh Example: Loro mettano i documenti sulla scrivania. – Let them put the documents on the desk.

Answer 37

Infinitive • pensare – to think Pronunciation: pehn-SAH-reh Example: Mi piace pensare al futuro. – I like to think about the future. ⸻ Gerund • pensando – thinking Pronunciation: pehn-SAHN-do Example: Sto pensando a come risolvere il problema. – I am thinking about how to solve the problem. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io penso – I think Pronunciation: EE-oh PEHN-soh Example: Io penso che sia una buona idea. – I think it’s a good idea. • tu pensi – You think Pronunciation: TOO PEHN-see Example: Tu pensi troppo! – You think too much! • lui/lei pensa – He/She thinks Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee PEHN-sah Example: Lui pensa che sia una bella giornata. – He thinks it’s a nice day. • noi pensiamo – We think Pronunciation: NOY pehn-SEE-ah-mo Example: Noi pensiamo che lui sia un buon amico. – We think he is a good friend. • voi pensate – You (plural) think Pronunciation: VOY pehn-SAH-teh Example: Voi pensate di venire alla festa? – Do you (plural) think of coming to the party? • loro pensano – They think Pronunciation: LOH-roh PEHN-sa-noh Example: Loro pensano che sia troppo tardi. – They think it’s too late. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho pensato – I thought Pronunciation: OH pehn-SAH-toh Example: Ho pensato molto prima di rispondere. – I thought a lot before replying. • hai pensato – You thought Pronunciation: AH-ee pehn-SAH-toh Example: Hai pensato a quello che ti ho detto? – Did you think about what I said? • ha pensato – He/She thought Pronunciation: AH pehn-SAH-toh Example: Lei ha pensato di andare al mare. – She thought about going to the sea. • abbiamo pensato – We thought Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo pehn-SAH-toh Example: Abbiamo pensato che fosse una buona idea. – We thought it was a good idea. • avete pensato – You (plural) thought Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh pehn-SAH-toh Example: Avete pensato a come fare il compito? – Did you (plural) think about how to do the homework? • hanno pensato – They thought Pronunciation: AH-noh pehn-SAH-toh Example: Loro hanno pensato che fosse troppo difficile. – They thought it was too difficult. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • pensavo – I used to think Pronunciation: pehn-SAH-voh Example: Pensavo che fosse una buona idea. – I used to think it was a good idea. • pensavi – You used to think Pronunciation: pehn-SAH-vee Example: Pensavi che fosse giusto? – Did you used to think it was right? • pensava – He/She used to think Pronunciation: pehn-SAH-vah Example: Lui pensava che non fosse possibile. – He used to think it wasn’t possible. • pensavamo – We used to think Pronunciation: pehn-sah-VAH-mo Example: Pensavamo che fosse troppo presto. – We used to think it was too early. • pensavate – You (plural) used to think Pronunciation: pehn-sah-VAH-teh Example: Pensavate che sarebbe stato facile? – Did you (plural) used to think it would be easy? • pensavano – They used to think Pronunciation: pehn-sah-VAH-noh Example: Loro pensavano che la soluzione fosse semplice. – They used to think the solution was simple. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • penserò – I will think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-ROH Example: Domani penserò a come risolvere il problema. – Tomorrow I will think about how to solve the problem. • penserai – You will think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-RAI Example: Penso che penserai alla proposta. – I think you will think about the proposal. • penserà – He/She will think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-RAH Example: Lui penserà a una soluzione. – He will think of a solution. • penseremo – We will think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-REH-mo Example: Noi penseremo a come risolvere il problema. – We will think about how to solve the problem. • penserete – You (plural) will think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-REH-teh Example: Voi penserete alla proposta che ho fatto. – You (plural) will think about the proposal I made. • penseranno – They will think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-RAH-noh Example: Loro penseranno a un modo per risolvere il problema. – They will think of a way to solve the problem. ⸻ Condizionale (Conditional Tense) • penserei – I would think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-REH-ee Example: Penserei che sia una buona idea. – I would think it’s a good idea. • penseresti – You would think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-REH-stee Example: Tu penseresti la stessa cosa? – Would you think the same thing? • penserebbe – He/She would think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-REH-bbe Example: Lui penserebbe che fosse una buona scelta. – He would think it was a good choice. • penseremmo – We would think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-REHM-mo Example: Noi penseremmo a un altro piano. – We would think of another plan. • pensereste – You (plural) would think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-REH-steh Example: Voi pensereste a una soluzione migliore? – Would you (plural) think of a better solution? • penserebbero – They would think Pronunciation: pehn-seh-REH-bbe-roh Example: Loro penserebbero a come fare meglio. – They would think about how to do better. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative) • (tu) pensa – Think (informal singular) Pronunciation: PEHN-sah Example: Pensa prima di parlare! – Think before speaking! • (Lei) pensi – Think (formal singular) Pronunciation: PEHN-see Example: Pensi a quello che ha detto. – Think about what he/she said. • (noi) pensiamo – Let’s think Pronunciation: pehn-SEE-ah-mo Example: Pensiamo a una soluzione insieme. – Let’s think of a solution together. • (voi) pensate – Think (informal plural) Pronunciation: pehn-SAH-teh Example: Pensate a cosa faremo domani! – Think about what we will do tomorrow! • (loro) pensino – They think (formal plural) Pronunciation: pehn-SEE-noh Example: Loro pensino a come risolvere il problema. – They should think about how to solve the problem. ⸻ This includes imperative forms along with all the conjugations, phonetic pronunciation, and example sentences as requested!

Answer 38

Infinitive • indossare – to wear Pronunciation: een-doh-SAH-ray Example: Mi piace indossare abiti comodi. – I like to wear comfortable clothes. ⸻ Gerund • indossando – wearing Pronunciation: een-doh-SAHN-do Example: Sto indossando una maglietta nuova. – I am wearing a new T-shirt. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io indosso – I wear Pronunciation: EE-oh een-DOH-soh Example: Io indosso sempre un cappello in inverno. – I always wear a hat in winter. • tu indossi – You wear Pronunciation: TOO een-DOH-see Example: Tu indossi un bel vestito. – You wear a nice dress. • lui/lei indossa – He/She wears Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee een-DOS-sah Example: Lui indossa una giacca elegante. – He wears a fancy jacket. • noi indossiamo – We wear Pronunciation: NOY een-doh-SEE-ah-mo Example: Noi indossiamo scarpe comode per camminare. – We wear comfortable shoes for walking. • voi indossate – You (plural) wear Pronunciation: VOY een-doh-SAH-teh Example: Voi indossate sempre colori vivaci. – You (plural) wear bright colors all the time. • loro indossano – They wear Pronunciation: LOH-roh een-DOS-sah-noh Example: Loro indossano vestiti eleganti per la festa. – They wear elegant clothes for the party. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho indossato – I wore Pronunciation: OH een-doh-SAH-toh Example: Ho indossato una camicia blu ieri. – I wore a blue shirt yesterday. • hai indossato – You wore Pronunciation: AH-ee een-doh-SAH-toh Example: Hai indossato i pantaloni nuovi? – Did you wear the new pants? • ha indossato – He/She wore Pronunciation: AH een-doh-SAH-toh Example: Lei ha indossato un bel vestito per la festa. – She wore a beautiful dress to the party. • abbiamo indossato – We wore Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo een-doh-SAH-toh Example: Abbiamo indossato scarpe comode per la passeggiata. – We wore comfortable shoes for the walk. • avete indossato – You (plural) wore Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh een-doh-SAH-toh Example: Avete indossato gli occhiali da sole? – Did you (pl.) wear sunglasses? • hanno indossato – They wore Pronunciation: AH-noh een-doh-SAH-toh Example: Loro hanno indossato le magliette nuove. – They wore the new T-shirts. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • indossavo – I used to wear Pronunciation: een-doh-SAH-voh Example: Indossavo sempre il cappotto rosso quando ero giovane. – I used to wear a red coat when I was young. • indossavi – You used to wear Pronunciation: een-doh-SAH-vee Example: Indossavi quel vestito ieri? – Did you used to wear that dress yesterday? • indossava – He/She used to wear Pronunciation: een-doh-SAH-vah Example: Lui indossava sempre il giubbotto di pelle. – He used to wear the leather jacket. • indossavamo – We used to wear Pronunciation: een-doh-sah-VAH-mo Example: Indossavamo jeans ogni giorno. – We used to wear jeans every day. • indossavate – You (plural) used to wear Pronunciation: een-doh-sah-VAH-teh Example: Indossavate sempre scarpe eleganti? – Did you (pl.) used to wear elegant shoes? • indossavano – They used to wear Pronunciation: een-doh-SAH-va-noh Example: Loro indossavano tute sportive ogni weekend. – They used to wear sports suits every weekend. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • indosserò – I will wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-ROH Example: Domani indosserò il mio vestito nuovo. – Tomorrow I will wear my new dress. • indosserai – You will wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-RAI Example: Indosserai il completo elegante? – Will you wear the elegant suit? • indosserà – He/She will wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-RAH Example: Lui indosserà una giacca per il colloquio. – He will wear a jacket for the interview. • indosseremo – We will wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-REH-mo Example: Indosseremo scarpe da ginnastica per correre. – We will wear sneakers for running. • indosserete – You (plural) will wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-REH-teh Example: Indosserete la maglietta alla festa? – Will you (pl.) wear the T-shirt to the party? • indosseranno – They will wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-RAH-noh Example: Loro indosseranno il costume per il concorso. – They will wear the costume for the contest. ⸻ Condizionale Presente (Conditional) • indosserei – I would wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-REH-ee Example: Indosserei questo vestito, se fosse il mio colore preferito. – I would wear this dress if it were my favorite color. • indosseresti – You would wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-REH-stee Example: Indosseresti la camicia bianca per il matrimonio? – Would you wear the white shirt for the wedding? • indosserebbe – He/She would wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-REH-bbeh Example: Lui indosserebbe un abito elegante se avesse abbastanza soldi. – He would wear an elegant suit if he had enough money. • indosseremmo – We would wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-REH-mmo Example: Indosseremmo scarpe comode se dovessimo camminare molto. – We would wear comfortable shoes if we had to walk a lot. • indossereste – You (plural) would wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-REH-steh Example: Indossereste il cappotto se facesse freddo? – Would you (pl.) wear the coat if it were cold? • indosserebbero – They would wear Pronunciation: een-doh-seh-REH-bbe-roh Example: Loro indosserebbero i pantaloni corti se fosse estate. – They would wear shorts if it were summer. ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive) • che io indossi – That I wear Pronunciation: keh EE-oh een-DOS-see Example: È importante che io indossi una giacca per la riunione. – It’s important that I wear a jacket for the meeting. • che tu indossi – That you wear Pronunciation: keh TOO een-DOS-see Example: Spero che tu indossi un cappello. – I hope you wear a hat. • che lui/lei indossi – That he/she wears Pronunciation: keh LOO-ee / LEH-ee een-DOS-see Example: Penso che lui indossi il suo vestito migliore. – I think he wears his best suit. • che noi indossiamo – That we wear Pronunciation: keh NOY een-doh-see-AH-mo Example: Spero che noi indossiamo scarpe da ginnastica. – I hope that we wear sneakers. • che voi indossiate – That you (plural) wear Pronunciation: keh VOY een-doh-see-AH-teh Example: Mi auguro che voi indossiate il cappotto per il freddo. – I hope you (pl.) wear the coat for the cold. • che loro indossino – That they wear Pronunciation: keh LOH-roh een-DOS-see-noh Example: È necessario che loro indossino abiti eleganti per l’evento. – It is necessary that they wear elegant clothes for the event. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu indossa! – Wear! Pronunciation: TOO een-DOS-sah Example: Indossa il cappotto, fa freddo! – Wear the coat, it’s cold! • Lei indossi! – Wear! (formal) Pronunciation: LEH-ee een-DOS-see Example: Indossi la giacca per favore. – Wear the jacket please. (formal) • noi indossiamo! – Let’s wear! Pronunciation: NOY een-doh-SEE-ah-mo Example: Indossiamo tutti gli occhiali da sole! – Let’s all wear sunglasses! • voi indossate! – Wear! (plural) Pronunciation: VOY een-doh-SAH-teh Example: Indossate le scarpe da tennis per giocare! – Wear the tennis shoes to play! • loro indossino! – Let them wear! Pronunciation: LOH-roh een-DOS-see-noh Example: Che loro indossino il giubbotto per la pioggia! – Let them wear the jacket for the rain!

Answer 39

Infinitive • portare – to bring Pronunciation: por-TAH-ray Example: Voglio portare il regalo alla festa. – I want to bring the gift to the party. ⸻ Gerund • portando – bringing Pronunciation: por-TAHN-do Example: Sto portando le valigie in camera. – I am bringing the suitcases to the room. ⸻ Presente (Present Tense) • io porto – I bring Pronunciation: EE-oh POR-toh Example: Io porto sempre il pranzo al lavoro. – I always bring lunch to work. • tu porti – You bring Pronunciation: TOO POR-tee Example: Tu porti le chiavi? – Do you bring the keys? • lui/lei porta – He/She brings Pronunciation: LOO-ee / LEH-ee POR-tah Example: Lui porta il caffè ogni mattina. – He brings the coffee every morning. • noi portiamo – We bring Pronunciation: NOY por-TYAH-mo Example: Noi portiamo i bambini a scuola. – We bring the children to school. • voi portate – You (plural) bring Pronunciation: VOY por-TAH-teh Example: Voi portate i vostri amici alla festa? – Do you (pl.) bring your friends to the party? • loro portano – They bring Pronunciation: LOH-roh POR-tah-noh Example: Loro portano i regali ai bambini. – They bring gifts to the children. ⸻ Passato Prossimo (Present Perfect) • ho portato – I brought Pronunciation: OH por-TAH-toh Example: Ho portato il mio cane dal veterinario. – I brought my dog to the vet. • hai portato – You brought Pronunciation: AH-ee por-TAH-toh Example: Hai portato il libro che ti ho dato? – Did you bring the book I gave you? • ha portato – He/She brought Pronunciation: AH por-TAH-toh Example: Lei ha portato un sacco di dolci. – She brought a lot of sweets. • abbiamo portato – We brought Pronunciation: ah-BEE-ah-mo por-TAH-toh Example: Abbiamo portato le birre per la festa. – We brought the beers for the party. • avete portato – You (plural) brought Pronunciation: ah-VEE-teh por-TAH-toh Example: Avete portato i regali? – Did you (pl.) bring the gifts? • hanno portato – They brought Pronunciation: AH-noh por-TAH-toh Example: Hanno portato il cibo al picnic. – They brought the food to the picnic. ⸻ Imperfetto (Imperfect Tense) • portavo – I used to bring Pronunciation: por-TAH-voh Example: Portavo sempre il cane a passeggio ogni giorno. – I used to bring the dog for a walk every day. • portavi – You used to bring Pronunciation: por-TAH-vee Example: Portavi il pranzo a scuola? – Did you used to bring lunch to school? • portava – He/She used to bring Pronunciation: por-TAH-vah Example: Lui portava sempre fiori alla sua fidanzata. – He used to bring flowers to his girlfriend. • portavamo – We used to bring Pronunciation: por-tah-VAH-mo Example: Portavamo i bambini al parco tutti i fine settimana. – We used to bring the kids to the park every weekend. • portavate – You (plural) used to bring Pronunciation: por-tah-VAH-teh Example: Portavate sempre il pranzo a lavoro? – Did you (pl.) used to bring lunch to work? • portavano – They used to bring Pronunciation: por-TAH-va-noh Example: Loro portavano la spesa dal supermercato. – They used to bring the groceries from the supermarket. ⸻ Futuro (Future Tense) • porterò – I will bring Pronunciation: por-teh-ROH Example: Domani porterò il mio amico al cinema. – Tomorrow I will bring my friend to the movies. • porterai – You will bring Pronunciation: por-teh-RAI Example: Porterai i dolci alla festa? – Will you bring the sweets to the party? • porterà – He/She will bring Pronunciation: por-teh-RAH Example: Lui porterà il cane a passeggio. – He will bring the dog for a walk. • porteremo – We will bring Pronunciation: por-teh-REH-mo Example: Porteremo le sedie per il picnic. – We will bring the chairs for the picnic. • porterete – You (plural) will bring Pronunciation: por-teh-REH-teh Example: Porterete gli amici alla festa? – Will you (pl.) bring the friends to the party? • porteranno – They will bring Pronunciation: por-teh-RAH-noh Example: Loro porteranno il cibo per il picnic. – They will bring the food for the picnic. ⸻ Condizionale Presente (Conditional) • porterei – I would bring Pronunciation: por-teh-REH-ee Example: Porterei volentieri la tua borsa, ma è troppo pesante. – I would gladly bring your bag, but it is too heavy. • porteresti – You would bring Pronunciation: por-teh-REH-stee Example: Porteresti un regalo per il compleanno di Maria? – Would you bring a gift for Maria’s birthday? • porterebbe – He/She would bring Pronunciation: por-teh-REH-bbeh Example: Lui porterebbe il cane al parco se avesse tempo. – He would bring the dog to the park if he had time. • porteremmo – We would bring Pronunciation: por-teh-REH-mmo Example: Porteremmo il cibo, ma non abbiamo abbastanza spazio. – We would bring the food, but we don’t have enough space. • portereste – You (plural) would bring Pronunciation: por-teh-REH-steh Example: Portereste i bambini alla festa di compleanno? – Would you (pl.) bring the children to the birthday party? • porterebbero – They would bring Pronunciation: por-teh-REH-bbe-roh Example: Loro porterebbero i regali, ma non hanno tempo. – They would bring the gifts, but they don’t have time. ⸻ Congiuntivo Presente (Subjunctive) • che io porti – That I bring Pronunciation: keh EE-oh POR-tee Example: È importante che io porti le informazioni necessarie. – It’s important that I bring the necessary information. • che tu porti – That you bring Pronunciation: keh TOO POR-tee Example: Spero che tu porti il caffè. – I hope you bring the coffee. • che lui/lei porti – That he/she brings Pronunciation: keh LOO-ee / LEH-ee POR-tee Example: Penso che lui porti un regalo per la sua amica. – I think he brings a gift for his friend. • che noi portiamo – That we bring Pronunciation: keh NOY por-tee-AH-mo Example: Spero che noi portiamo la buona notizia. – I hope that we bring the good news. • che voi portiate – That you (plural) bring Pronunciation: keh VOY por-tee-AH-teh Example: È possibile che voi portiate cibo alla festa. – It’s possible that you (pl.) bring food to the party. • che loro portino – That they bring Pronunciation: keh LOH-roh por-TEE-noh Example: Mi aspetto che loro portino le valigie in camera. – I expect them to bring the suitcases to the room. ⸻ Imperativo (Imperative - Commands) • tu porta! – Bring! Pronunciation: TOO POR-tah Example: Porta i documenti domani! – Bring the documents tomorrow! • Lei porti! – Bring! (formal) Pronunciation: LEH-ee POR-tee Example: Porti il libro che le ho dato! – Bring the book I gave you! • noi portiamo! – Let’s bring! Pronunciation: NOY por-tee-AH-mo Example: Portiamo le bevande alla festa! – Let’s bring the drinks to the party! • voi portate! – Bring! (plural) Pronunciation: VOY por-TAH-teh Example: Portate i bambini al parco! – Bring the children to the park! • loro portino! – Let them bring! Pronunciation: LOH-roh por-TEE-noh Example: Che loro portino i regali alla festa! – Let them bring the gifts to the party!