Verbal Behaviour pt. 1 Flashcards
What percentage of children with autism do not speak?
50%
This statistic is based on data from the year 2000.
Name two abnormal patterns in language development seen in children with autism.
- Echolalia
- Pronoun reversal
How does behavior function as language in children?
Behavior can have communicative functions, such as screaming to get attention or using PECS to request items.
What is the necessity of language in Intensive Behavioral Intervention (IBI)?
Language is necessary for learning and underlies most learning. Language can displace problem behavior.
List the common language development sequence in Traditional DTT.
- Simple vowel sounds
- Consonant sounds
- Blended consonant/vowel sounds
- Short words
- Complex words
- Short sentences
What is a major challenge of DTT in teaching language?
Generalizing language responses outside of DTT conditions is difficult.
True or False: DTT promotes spontaneous use of language.
False
Who wrote ‘Verbal Behaviour’ in 1957?
B.F. Skinner
What does Skinner define as ‘verbal operants’?
Separate response categories serving as units of analysis for language.
What is the difference between verbal behavior and nonverbal behavior according to Skinner?
Verbal behavior is influenced by interactions and mediated reinforcement, unlike nonverbal behavior.
What is a ‘mand’ in verbal operants?
A request made for an object or action.
What are the four types of verbal operants?
- Mand
- Tact
- Echoic
- Intraverbal
Fill in the blank: A mand involves _______ operations.
[motivating/establishing]
What is the typical number of mands a preschool child makes in a day?
500-1000 mands
What are motivating operations (MOs)?
Events that alter the reinforcing effectiveness of other events and the frequency of relevant behaviors.
Define satiation in the context of motivating operations.
Having too much of something, leading to a decreased desire for it.
What are the two types of mands?
- Pure mand
- Prompted mand
What is a pure mand?
A mand without the referent in sight.
What are the 3 Major Challenges for DTT?
- No spontaneous use of language
- No generalization (very little) due to very strict antecedent conditions
- Language is very complex - how do we teach it? What order? Etc.
What are motivation operations?
An environment that momentarily alters the reinforcing effectiveness of other events/items (alter the value of reinforcers)
Three Factors in Motivating Operatinos
- Satiation -> had too much and don’t want more = loses reinforcer value
- Deprivation -> have not had it for a while and want more = increased reinforcer value (can make something more reinforcing than usual because reinforcers are transient*)
- Aversive -> Don’t want it, remove or avoid = increases reinforcer value and increases the likelihood that the behaviour which removed the aversive is more likely to occur
