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GMAT > Verbal > Flashcards

Verbal Flashcards

1
Q

When I see:

  • either/or
  • and
  • but
  • rather than
  • not only/but also
A

I’ll think:

Parallelism

  • X and Y
  • not only X, but also Y
  • neither X, nor Y (, but rather Z)

The two words have to have the same form and be structurally comparable. e.g. eliminating and raising (not eliminate and raising)

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2
Q

Which verb is accurate & why? How many verbs are in this sentence?

The team of players from the local high school (is/are) comprised entirely of first-year students and includes both boys and girls.

A

2 verbs. The second verb “includes” is not underlined and it is singular, so the noun team is intended to be singular. Thus “is” is the correct verb.

The team is comprised … and includes boys and girls.

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3
Q

What’s a trick for identifying when a word is a noun?

A

If you can place “a” or “the” before a word and it makes sense, then that word is a noun.

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4
Q

List 7 subject pronouns

A

I, you, he, she, it, we, they

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5
Q

List 8 object pronouns

A

me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

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6
Q

List 7 possessive pronouns

A

mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs

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7
Q

List 4 reflexive prounouns

and

How are reflexive prounouns formed?

A

myself, ourselves, itself, themselves

Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding “-self” to the end of a possessive pronoun or adjectives and are used to reflect back on the noun.

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8
Q

List 4 interrogative pronouns

A

who, whom, whose, which

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9
Q

List 4 demonstrative pronouns

and

How are demonstrative pronouns used?

A

this, that, these, those

These pronouns are used to point out, or to demonstrate, a specific thing.

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10
Q

What is an indefinite pronoun? Give an example.

A

“Everyone” is an indefinite pronoun.

Indefinite pronouns take the place of nouns, but do not refer to specific people, places, or things.

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11
Q

Populate the verbs (have vs has)

All people ____

vs.

Everyone ___

A

All people “have”

Everyone “has”

Most indefinite pronouns are singular, including “everyone”.

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12
Q

Give an example of a singular indefinite pronoun

A

“Each”

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13
Q

What is the verbal timing strategy?

A

Complete 9 questions every 15 minutes

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14
Q

What is the process to review sentence correction?

A
  • Take a first glance at the answers
  • Read the sentence for meaning
  • Find a starting point and differences between answers
  • Eliminate all incorrect choices
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15
Q

When I see the word:

And

A

Think:

Parallelism: X and Y

X, Y, and Z

Could be: a list, a modifier, compound subject or verb, two independent clauses

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16
Q

What is a clause?

Give an example

A

A set of words that contains a subject and a working verb.

  • She applied for the job.
    • She is the subject
    • Applied is the working verb

Together these form an independent clause.

17
Q

Dependent clause vs independent clause

A

Dependent Clause:

  • Contains a verb but cannot stand alone as a sentence.
  • Adds extra information to the sentence

[Although she didn’t have much work experience], she was offered the job.

  • Without an independent clause, you have a sentence fragment
18
Q

What is a modifier?

A

Provides additional information in a sentence, beyond the core subject and verb.

  • An adjective is a modifier

The large dog, which has black fur, is a Labrador.

  • which has black fur is a nonessential modifier
    • If it’s removed, the core of the sentence still makes sense

Noun Modifiers: palce as close to nouns they modify

Adverbial Modifiers: more flexible

19
Q

When I see:

“comma -wh” words:

A

I’ll think:

  • What is the NOUN being referred to
  • “wh” words CANNOT refer to a clause
20
Q

When I see:

“comma -ing” words:

A

I’ll think:

  • What is the CLAUSE being referred to?
  • “-ing” words can refer to a noun or clause
  • a “Comma -ing” modifier refers to the main subject and verb of the sentence
21
Q

What are coordinating conjunctions?

A

FANBOYS

  • For
  • And
  • Nor
  • But
  • Or
  • Yet
  • So
22
Q

When I see:

A sub-ordinating conjunction: Although, Because, While, Though, Unless, Before, After, If

A

I’ll think:

  • This is a modifier
  • This is connected to an independent clause and cannot stand on its own
23
Q

When I see:

  • Like/Unlike
A

I’ll think:

  • This is a comparison
  • Unlike B, A
  • Like B, A
  • What is being compared? Is the comparison logical?
    • “Alaska” to “The temperature in Florida”
      • Shows Alaska and temperature are dissimilar
24
Q

When I see:

A prepositional phrase

  • At
  • With
  • From
  • In
  • By
  • About
  • Under
  • Along
  • Without
  • ….
A

I’ll think:

  • A noun in a prepositional phrase cannot be the subject of the sentence
  • Prepositional phrases modify or describe other parts of the sentence
25
Q

When I see:

  • The word “That”
A

I’ll think:

  • Did it appear after a working verb?
    • Yes: It acts as “reset” button in the sentence: a new subject-verb-object structure will follow
26
Q

When I see:

  • a marker for countable modifiers:
    • Many
    • Few
    • Fewer
  • a marker for uncountable modifiers
    • Much
    • Little
    • Less
A

I’ll think:

  • Is the noun a countable item or uncountable item?
    • Hats (countable)
      • Many Hats
    • Patience (uncountable)
      • Much patience
  • If unsure, try to count it out:
    • Countable: One hat, two hats, etc.
    • Uncountable: One patience, two patience, etc.
27
Q

When I see:

The word “less”

A

I’ll think:

  • Is the item countable?
    • Yes: the word less cannot be used
      • use “fewer”
28
Q

When I see:

A singular or plural noun that is the subject of the sentence

A

I’ll think:

Check the antecendent of the prounoun

  • “Its” must refer to a singular pronoun
  • “Their” must refer to a plural pronoun
29
Q

When I see:

  • The word “Had”
A

I’ll think:

  • Past perfect: does this describe the past of the past (double past)
30
Q

When I see:

  • The words “have/has”
A

I’ll think:

  • Present Perfect: the action in the past or its effect is continuing to the present
31
Q

When I see:

Key Words:

  • Therefore
  • Thus
  • So
  • Consequently
A

I’ll think:

  • This could be the author’s conclusion.
  • Is this supported by at least one premise?
32
Q

When I see:

Key Words:

  • Alhough
  • Though
  • However
  • Yet
  • But
A

I’ll think:

  • This could be the author’s counterpoint or counterpremise.
  • The counterpoint/counterpremise could become before these key words
33
Q

When I see:

  • Two potential conclusions
  • Use the “Therefore” test
A

I’ll think:

  • Becasuse “A”, Therefore “B”
34
Q

When I see:

  • Classify each statement in boldface as one of the following items. . .
A

I’ll think:

  • C) Author’s Conclusion
  • P) Premise (supports author’s conclusion)
  • X) Something Else (countrpremise, background, information, acknowledgement of a weakness in the argument . . .)
35
Q

Note:

Assumption Type Questions:

  • Structure Based
  • Find the Assumption
  • Strengthen the Argument
  • Weaken the Argument
  • Evaluate the Argument
  • Find the Flaw
  • Evidence
A

GMAT (3 decks)

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