verb conj

Question 1

~かな

熱が出るかな。

熱[出ますかね / 出るでしょうか(ね)]。

Answer 1

I wonder if~ (informal)

I wonder if I’m developing a fever

I wonder if I’m developing a fever.
(Literally: Do you think I will develop a fever?)

Question 2

〜かもしれない

風邪かもしれない。

熱が出るかも。
熱が出るかもです。
熱が出るかもしれません。

Answer 2

may, might (something may be true, but idk)

I might have a cold.

I may develop a fever. (informal)
I may develop a fever. (tech. grammatically incorrect; casual politeness)
I may develop a fever (polite)

Question 3

~げんきがする

風邪引いた気がする/がします。

Answer 3

I have a feeling~

I have a feeling that I have a cold.

Question 4

〜っぽい

風邪っぽい。

Answer 4

-ish, it seems, feels like

I feel like I have a cold.

casually indicates you may have some symptoms, but you don’t necessarily know if you have an actual fever; “given the symptoms, its likely I have a cold, but I’m not 100% sure”

Question 5

~みたい

風邪引いたみたいです。

Answer 5

like…, it seems…

It seems like I have a cold.

みたい demonstrates the assessment that your condition is comparable to a cold, vs っぽい shows that, based on circumstance, it seems you might hace a cold

Question 6

~だろう・〜でしょう

風邪だろうね。
熱も出るでしょうね。

Answer 6

I guess probably..

I guess it’s probably a cold.
I guess they’ll probably get a fever too.

personal guess + some evidence

Question 7

〜と思う

風邪引いた[かな / かも(しれない)]と思う。
絶対風邪引いたと思う。

風邪引いたと思う。

Answer 7

I think, i believe

I think I may be sick
I think I’m def sick

I think I’m sick

Question 8

~そう

熱が出そう。
しんどそうだね。

Answer 8

it looks/seems like

It looks like I’ll develop a fever.
It looks like ur not feeling well.

dependent on what ur observing rn, can’t be used when talking about past events

Question 9

~はず

熱が出るはず。
薬があったはずです。

Answer 9

supposed to/should be

indicates a great degree of certainty, but not 100%

I should have a fever soon.
There should be some medication, if I remember correctly.

Question 10

~に違いない（にちがいない）

熱が出る[はず / に違いない]。

Answer 10

must

lit”no mistake,” more of a literary term, can sound like a detective

I should have a fever soon.

Question 11

“realization” “conviction”

あ、風邪引いた(わ/な)。

Answer 11

plain form

Oh, I have/got a cold.

typically, when you’ve realized/are convicted something is the case, you just state it in plain form

Question 12

〜させる

お母さんは弟を学校に行かせた。
コウイチはマミにベーコンを好きなだけ食べさせた。

Answer 12

causation/permission

My mom made my little brother go to school.
Koichi let Mami eat as much bacon as she liked.

Question 13

〜させて with giving/receiving verbs

もう少し考えさせてくれますか。

Answer 13

permissive form

Can you let me think about it for a little longer?

Changing the verb to its negative form adds a touch more politeness, kind of like saying “Can’t I~?” or “Won’t you let me~?” in English:

Question 14

〜たがる

うちの犬はいつも外に出たがる！
木村さんは食べたがっている。
木村さんは走りたがらない。

Answer 14

someone “seems like they want to do…”

most commonly used in the continuous form: 〜たがっている. (want to do rn)

My dog always wants to go outside!
Kimura wants to eat.
Kimura doesn’t want to run.

Question 15

~たら

走ったらストレッチをします。
走っていたら友達に会った。
もし(も)このプリン食べたら帰ります。

Answer 15

conditional, when/after, if

cant use to desc smth u have control over;not applied to future tense

I stretch after running.
I ran into my friend when I was running. (cont. form)
I’ll go back home if you eat this pudding.

Question 16

~たりする

公園で自転車に乗ったりバレーボールしたりした。
公園で自転車に乗ってバレーボールした。

Answer 16

lists actions, indicates incomplete list

At the park, I did things like bike-riding and volleyball (among other things).
At the park, I rode my bike and played volleyball.

Question 17

〜てある

メモはデスクに置いてある。
メモがデスクに置いてある。
メモをデスクに置いてある。

Answer 17

Always used with a transitive verb that can convey intention, 〜てある describes the current state of something with the implication that someone did something earlier to it and left it that way.

The memo is on the desk.
(Nuance: As for the memo, it’s on the desk.)
memo is on the desk.
(Nuance: Oh! A memo has been left on the desk.)
The memo is on the desk.
(Nuance: I/we placed and left the memo on the desk on purpose.)

Question 18

〜ていく・〜てくる

それでは、まずは軽いストレッチをしていきましょう。
ここまでは軽いストレッチをしてきました。

Answer 18

express a gradual process that takes place over time
〜ていく focuses on the starting point , 〜てくる focuses on the endpoint.

Let’s start by doing some light stretching.
We’ve done some light stretching up to this point.

Question 19

~ている

去年から日本語を勉強している。
お父さんはリビングでテレビを観ている。

Answer 19

continuous form, talking abt an ongiong situation that started in the past

I’ve been studying Japanese since last year.
Dad is watching TV in the living room.

Question 20

て form

Question 21

〜てみる

とにアク、彼女の予定を聞いてみます
もしお金がたくさんあったら、何をしてみたいですか

Answer 21

try doing

anyway, i’ll ** try asking** her about her plans
if you had a lot of money, what **would ** you want to do?

Question 22

~てしまいます

Question 23

~ながら

勉強しながら、スナックを食べます

Answer 23

while doing~

focuses on the duration of an action happening alongside another.

while studying, I eat snacks

Question 24

plain form + ときに (時に）

勉強を良くしない時に、せいせきが悪くになります
勉強する時に音楽を聞きます
成績を悪時に悲しいになります

Answer 24

when~

“Toki ni” emphasizes the exact time something happens, sequential

when I don’t study well, my grades become worse
when I study, I listen to music

Question 25

〜ないで ## Footnote 彼女はかさを持たないで出てしまった

Answer 25

to do (b) w/o doing (a) | verb a nai form + de + verb b ## Footnote she left without bringing an umbrella

Question 26

~ば ## Footnote 時間があれば、クッキーを作るよ。 お金があれば、何でもできる。

Answer 26

conditional form | when smth will DEF happen, habits, the future, ## Footnote If I have time, I'll make cookies. When you have money, you can do anything.

Question 27

もし, だろう, でしょう, に違いない, はずだ and かもしれない + 〜ば ## Footnote もし雨が降れば、遠足は中止になるかもしれない。 本当にそう思えば、直接に言うでしょう。

Answer 27

conditional ( in the future)/not 100% sure ## Footnote If it rains, the excursion will probably be cancelled. If that's really what he thinks, he would say it directly.