Verb Congegations Flashcards
Conjugate the regular, present tense “ar” verbs:
Hablar & Comprar
Hablar. Comprar.
Yo hablo. Compro.
Tú hablas. Compras.
Él/ella/usted habla. Compra.
Nosotros/nosotras hablamos. Compramos.
Vosotros/vosotras habláis. Compráis.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes hablan. Compran.
Conjugate the regular/present tense “er” verb:
Comer
Comer.
Yo como.
Tú comes.
Él/ella/usted come.
Nosotros/nosotras comemos.
Vosotros/vosotras coméis.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes comen.
To eat
Conjugate the regular, present tense “ir” verb:
Vivir
Vivir.
Yo vivo.
Tú vives.
Él/ella/usted vive.
Nosotros/nosotras vivimos.
Vosotros/vosotras vivís.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes viven.
To live
Conjugate the irregular, present tense “ar” verbs:
Estar & Dar
Estar.
Dar.
Yo estoy. Doy.
Tú estás. Dás.
Él/ella/usted está. Dá.
Nosotros/nosotras estamos. Damos.
Vosotros/vosotras estáis. Dáis.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes estan. Dan.
To be. To give.
Conjugate the present tense, first person verbs ending in “go”:
Hacer, Poner, Salir, Valer
Hacer, Poner, Salir, Valer.
Yo hago. Pogo. Salgo. Valgo
Tú haces. Pones. Sales. Vales.
Él/ella/usted hace. Pone. Sale. Vale.
Nosotros/nosotras hacemos. Ponemos. Salemos. Valemos.
Vosotros/vosotras hacéis. Ponéis. Saléis. Valéis.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes hacen. Ponen. Salen. Valen.
To do. To put. To go out. To cost/be worth.
First person, present tense verbs ending in “zco”:
Conducir, Conocer, Traducir
Conducir. Conocer. Traducir.
Yo conduzco. Conozco. Traduzco.
Tú conduces. Conoces. Traduces.
Él/ella/usted conduce. Conoce. Traduce.
Nosotros/nosotras conducimos. Conocemos. Traducimos
Vosotros/vosotras conducís. Conocéis. Traducís.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes conducen. Conocen. Traducen.
To drive. To know. To Translate.
Verbs that have stem changes from “o” to “ue”:
Almorzar
1 of 4 types of verbs where the stem of the verb is irregular and changes.
1. O to E
2. U to EU
3. E to IE
4. E to I
Almorzar
Yo Almuerzo
Tú Almuerzas
Él/ella/usted Almuerza
Nosotros/nosotras Almorzamos
Vosotros/vosotras Almorzaís
Ellos/ellas/ustedes Almuerzan
To have lunch
Nosotros and vosotros maintain the original stem of the verb.
Verbs that have stem changes from “e” to “ie”:
Sentir
2 of 4 types of verbs where the stem of the verb is irregular and changes.
1. O to E
2. U to EU
3. E to IE
4. E to I
Sentir
Yo siento
Tú sientes
Él/ella/usted siente
Nosotros/nosotras sentimos
Vosotros/vosotras sentís
Ellos/ellas/ustedes sienten
To Feel
Nosotros and vosotros maintain the original stem of the verb.
Verbs that have stem changes from “e” to “i”:
Pedir
3 of 4 types of verbs where the stem of the verb is irregular and changes.
1. O to E
2. U to EU
3. E to IE
4. E to I
Pedir
Yo pido
Tú pides
Él/ella/usted pide
Nosotros/nosotras pedimos
Vosotros/vosotras pedís
Ellos/ellas/ustedes piden
To ask
Nosotros and vosotros maintain the original stem of the verb.
Verbs that have stem changes from “u” to “ue”:
Jugar
4 of 4 types of verbs where the stem of the verb is irregular and changes.
1. O to E
2. U to EU
3. E to IE
4. E to I
Jugar
Yo juego
Tú juegas
Él/ella/usted juega
Nosotros/nosotras jugamos
Vosotros/vosotras jugáis
Ellos/ellas/ustedes juegan
To play
Nosotros and vosotros maintain the original stem of the verb.
Gustar
Me gusta = “I like” or “is pleasing for you.
Me gusta la playa (I like the beach)
Me gusta los perros (I like dogs)
Me gusta cantar (I like to sing)
- Use gusta + infinitive if doing something.
A nosotros nos gusta concinar (We like to cook) - Use gusta if the thing you like is singular.
A nosotros nos gusta la película (We like the movie)
A nosotros no nos gusta la película (We don’t like the movie) - Use gustan if the thing you like is plural.
A nosotros nos gustan las películas de terror (We like horror movies)
A mí me gustan los libros (I like books)
A mí no me gustan los libros (I don’t like books)
CHART (Part 1)
A mí no me
A tí no te
A él/ella/usted no le
A nosotros/ no nos
nosotras
A vosotros/ no os
vosotras
A ellos/ellas/ no les
ustedes
CHART (Part 2)
gusta nadar/estudiar/correr
gusta el fútbol/ la playa/ tu dibujo
gustan los libros/ los perros/ los ojos
A mí, A tí, A él… used to give emphasis about who is liking the thing, rather than just “le gusta” alone, which isn’t clear who specifically likes the thing.
A él le gusta comer (he likes to eat)
A usted le gusta comer (you like to eat)
Word congugations similar to Gustar:
doler, encantar, faltar, interesar, molestar, quedar, etc.
Doler
CHART (Part 1)
A mí no me
A tí no te
A él/ella/usted no le
A nosotros/ no nos
nosotras
A vosotros/ no os
vosotras
A ellos/ellas/ no les
ustedes
CHART (Part 2)
duele nadar/estudiar/correr
duele el fútbol/ la playa/ tu dibujo
duelen los libros/ los perros/ los ojos
encanta, encantan
falta, faltan
interesa, interesan
molesta, molestan
queda, quedan
To hurt. To love. To lack. To interest. To annoy. To meet.
Use this to talk about things that happen in general, or about habits.
CONGUGATE -
Indicative Mood Simple Tense/ present:
comprar, correr, vivir
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo compro, corro, vivo
Tú compras, corres, vives
Él/ella/usted compra, corre, vive
Nosotros/nosotras compramos, corremos, vivimos
Vosotros/vosotras compr.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes compran, corren, viven
To buy, to run, to live
Use this to speak about the past.
CONGUGATE -
Indicative Mood Simple Tense/ Preterite past:
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo compré, corrí, viví
Tú compraste, corriste, viviste
Él/ella/usted compró, corrió, vivió
Nosotros/nosotras compramos, corrimos, vivimos
Vosotros/vosotras compr.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes compraron, corrieron, vivieron
To buy, to run, to live
“Other”. Use this to speak about the past actions w/out a definate end.
CONGUGATE -
Indicative Mood Simple Tense/Imperfect past:
Emphasis on past actions or habits.
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo compraba, corría, vivía
Tú comprabas, corrías, vivías
Él/ella/usted compraba, corría, vivía
Nosotros/nosotras comprábamos, correríamos, vivíamos
Vosotros/vosotras compr.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes compraban, corrían, vivían
To buy, to run, to live
“Will”. Events that will happen.
CONGUGATE -
Indicative Mood Simple Tense/future:
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo compraré, correrán, vivíré
Tú comprarás, correrás, vivirás
Él/ella/usted comprrará, correrá, vivrá
Nosotros/nosotras compraremos, correremos, viviremos
Vosotros/vosotras compr.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes comprrarán, correrán, vivirán
To buy, to run, to live
“Would + verb”. Events that will happen.
CONGUGATE -
Indicative Mood Simple Tense/future conditional:
Keeps verb in simple form and adds an inflection at the end.
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo compraría, correrían, viviríra
Tú comprarías, correrías, vivirías
Él/ella/usted compraría, correría, vivrría
Nosotros/nosotras compraríamos, correríamos, viviríamos
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes comprarían, correrían, vivirían
To buy, to run, to live
“Have/has + past participle verb”. See card for more details.
CONGUGATE -
Indicative Mood Compound Tense/present perfect:
Compound tenses have 2 verbs. “Haber + verb in past participle form. “
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo he comprado, corrído, vivido
Tú has comprado, corrído, vivido
Él/ella/usted ha comprado, corrído, vivido
Nosotros/nosotras hemos comprado, corrído, vivido
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes han comprado, corrído, vivido
To buy, to run, to live
Indicitive Mood - Things that happen in reality.
Use when:
● Events that started in the past, have continued until the present, and may continue into the future.
● Events that occurred in a non-specific time in the past.
● Events that just took place in the recent past.
Past anterior. “Had + past participle verb”. Used formal & literature.
CONGUGATE -
Indicative Mood Compound Tense/preterite perfect:
Compound tenses have 2 verbs. “Haber + verb in past participle form. “
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo hube comprado, corrído, vivido
Tú hubiste comprado, corrído, vivido
Él/ella/usted hubo comprado, corrído, vivido
Nosotros/nosotras hubimos comprado, corrído, vivido
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes hubieron comprado, corrído, vivido
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: Talk about an action in the past that took place before another action in the past. Used for formal or literature. Don’t spend too much time on this as it’s not used much.
The dreaded pluscuamperfecto. “Had + past participle verb”.
CONGUGATE -
Indicative Mood Compound Tense/past perfect:
Compound tenses have 2 verbs. “Haber + verb in past participle form. “
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo había comprado, corrído, vivido
Tú habías comprado, corrído, vivido
Él/ella/usted había comprado, corrído, vivido
Nosotros/nosotras habíamos comprado, corrído, vivido
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes habían comprado, corrído, vivido
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: helps you to explain something that “had happened before something else happened.
“Would have + past participle verb.”
CONGUGATE -
Indicative Mood Compound Tense/conditional perfect:
Compound tenses have 2 verbs. “Haber + verb in past participle form. “
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo habría comprado, corrído, vivido
Tú habrías comprado, corrído, vivido
Él/ella/usted habría comprado, corrído, vivido
Nosotros/nosotras habríamos comprado, corrído, vivido
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes habrían comprado, corrído, vivido
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: to talk about suppositions in the past, complete or finished requests, invitations, or suggestions, and future actions from a past perspective.
One of the most complex tenses. “will have + past participle verb.”
CONGUGATE -
Indicative Mood Compound Tense/future perfect:
Compound tenses have 2 verbs. “Haber + verb in past participle form. “
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo habré comprado, corrído, vivido
Tú habrás comprado, corrído, vivido
Él/ella/usted habrá comprado, corrído, vivido
Nosotros/nosotras habremos comprado, corrído, vivido
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes habrán comprado, corrído, vivido
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: allows you to look back to the past from a point in the future.
One of the most complex tenses. “will have + past participle verb.”
CONGUGATE -
Subjunctive Mood Simple Tense/present:
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo compre, corra, viva
Tú compres, corras, vivas
Él/ella/usted compre, corra, viva
Nosotros/nosotras compraremos, corramos, vivamos
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes compren, corran, vivan
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: Use the present subjunctive to express uncertainty, doubt, and hope.
Subjunctive Mood Simple Tense: If the indicative was the “normal” mood, then the subjunctive is the “weird” one. You use the subjunctive to talk about things that are not part of reality, such as wishes and desires, among many other things.
There are two imperfect subjunctive tenses. Either can be used equally.
CONGUGATE -
Subjunctive Mood Simple Tense/Imperfect 1:
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo comprara, corriera, viviera **
Tú compraras, corrieras, vivieras**
Él/ella/usted comprara, corriera, viviera
Nosotros/nosotras compráramos , corriéramos, vivieramos **
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.**
Ellos/ellas/ustedes compraran, corrieran, vivieran
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: Use to express a point of view in the past.
Subjunctive Mood Simple Tense: If the indicative was the “normal” mood, then the subjunctive is the “weird” one. You use the subjunctive to talk about things that are not part of reality, such as wishes and desires, among many other things.
There are two imperfect subjunctive tenses. Either can be used equally.
CONGUGATE -
Subjunctive Mood Simple Tense/Imperfect 2:
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo comprase, corriese , viviese
Tú comprases, corrieses, vivieses
Él/ella/usted comprase, corriesen, viviese
Nosotros/nosotras comprásemos , corrésemos, viviésemos **
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.**
Ellos/ellas/ustedes compresan, corriesen, viviesen
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: Use to express a point of view in the past. Same situations apply as with Imperfect 1, it’s just a different way of expressing the same idea. If anything, this imperfect tense is more used in Spain than in Latin America.
Subjunctive Mood Simple Tense: If the indicative was the “normal” mood, then the subjunctive is the “weird” one. You use the subjunctive to talk about things that are not part of reality, such as wishes and desires, among many other things.
Almost obsolete and no longer used these days.
CONGUGATE -
Subjunctive Mood Simple Tense/Future:
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo comprare, corriere, viviese
Tú comprares, corrieres, vivieres
Él/ella/usted comprrare, corriere, viviere
Nosotros/nosotras compráremos, corriéremos, viviéremos
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes comparen, corrieren, vivieren
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: Almost obsolete and used in formal language when a verb in present or future requires the subjunctive in the main clause and refers to a future action.
Subjunctive Mood Simple Tense: If the indicative was the “normal” mood, then the subjunctive is the “weird” one. You use the subjunctive to talk about things that are not part of reality, such as wishes and desires, among many other things.
CONGUGATE -
Subjunctive Mood Compound Tense/Present perfect:
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo haya comprado, corrído, vivido
Tú hayas comprado, corrído, vivido
Él/ella/usted haya comprado, corrído, vivido
Nosotros/nosotras hayamos comprado, corrído, vivido
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes hayan comprado, corrído, vivido
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: Use the present perfect subjunctive when a verb requiring the subjunctive in the main clause is in the present, future, or present perfect. The only difference with the present subjunctive is that you have to use the present perfect subjunctive when the dependent clause is in the past, while you use the present subjunctive when the dependent clause is in the present or future.
Subjunctive Mood Compound Tenses:
These are arguably the most complex Spanish tenses that exist. So much that some of them don’t even have a direct translation to English.
CONGUGATE -
Subjunctive Mood Compound Tense/Past perfect 1:
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo hubiera comprado, corrído, vivido
Tú hubieras comprado, corrído, vivido
Él/ella/usted hubiera comprado, corrído, vivido
Nosotros/nosotras hubiéramos comprado, corrído, vivido
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes hubieran comprado, corrído, vivido
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: Use the past perfect subjunctive to talk about hypothetical situations, regrets, or hindsight. This is the equivalent subjunctive compound tense to the imperfect, so there are also two versions of it.
Subjunctive Mood Compound Tenses:
These are arguably the most complex Spanish tenses that exist. So much that some of them don’t even have a direct translation to English.
CONGUGATE -
Subjunctive Mood Compound Tense/Past perfect 2:
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo hubiese comprado, corrído, vivido
Tú hubieses comprado, corrído, vivido
Él/ella/usted hubiese comprado, corrído, vivido
Nosotros/nosotras hubiésemos comprado, corrído, vivido
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes hubiesen comprado, corrído, vivido
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: Use the past perfect subjunctive to talk about hypothetical situations, regrets, or hindsight. Same case as the imperfect, this version is more widely used in Spain. Besides that, there’s no other difference between the two subjunctive past perfect tenses.
Subjunctive Mood Compound Tenses:
These are arguably the most complex Spanish tenses that exist. So much that some of them don’t even have a direct translation to English.
Rarely Used
CONGUGATE -
Subjunctive Mood Compound Tense/Future perfect:
comprar, correr, vivir
Yo hubiere comprado, corrído, vivido
Tú hubieres comprado, corrído, vivido
Él/ella/usted hubiere comprado, corrído, vivido
Nosotros/nosotras hubiéremos comprado, corrído, vivido
Vosotros/vosotras comprar.
Ellos/ellas/ustedes hubieren comprado, corrído, vivido
To buy, to run, to live
Use when: Another rarely used tense in modern Spanish. You can use it to talk about actions that have happened, should have happened, or could have happened at some point in the future.
Subjunctive Mood Compound Tenses:
These are arguably the most complex Spanish tenses that exist. So much that some of them don’t even have a direct translation to English.
