Ventricular system; basal ganglia and limbic system

Question 1

Four brain ventricles

Lined by __ which produces cerebrospinal fluid that fills the ventricles

Answer 1

Left and Right lateral ventricles (also same as the lateral ventricles fom Puche’s lecture)

Third ventricle

Fourth ventricle

Choroid plexus

Question 2

Parts of lateral ventricles ass’d with the brain lobes

Answer 2

Anterior horn

Body

Posterior horn

Temporal horn

Question 3

Lobes associated with the following horns of the lateral ventricles:

anterior

body

posterior

temporal

lateral ventricles are connected to the 3rd ventricle via the ___ foramen

Answer 3

Anterior (frontal) horn – associated with frontal lobe

Body – associated with parietal and frontal lobes

Posterior (occipital) horn – ass’d with occipital lobe

Temporal horn – associated with temporal lobe

Lateral ventricles connected to the 3rd ventricle via the foramen of Monroe/interventricular foramen

Question 4

Anterior part of third ventricle formed by __

In the middle of the 3rd ventricle is an “eye” like area called the ___ or massa intermedia

Answer 4

Lamina terminalis

Interthalamic adhesion

Question 5

Boundaries of the 3rd ventricle

Answer 5

anterior wall

posterior wall

roof

floor

Question 6

Components of anterior wall of 3rd ventricle (hint: people fornicate and comissurate in LA)

Answer 6

Anterior wall of 3rd ventricle formed by:

Columns of the fornix (pathway coming from the hippocampus)

Anterior commissure: connects inferior portions of the temporal lobes on either side

Lamina terminalis

Question 7

Components of posterior wall of 3rd ventricle

Answer 7

Pineal gland

Posterior commissure: connects left and right tactile areas

Rostral end of cerebral aqueduct (which connects 3rd and fourth ventricle)

Question 8

Roof of 3rd ventricle

Answer 8

Ependyma (tela choroidea): stretches across upper limits of the thalamus bilaterally; kind of attached to choroid plexus

Question 9

Floor of 3rd ventricle

Answer 9

Optic chiasm (the crossing of the optic nerve provides us with depth vision)

Tuber cinereum and infundibulum (stalk that connects to the pituitary gland)

Mamillary bodies (part of limbic system)

Posterior perforated surface: area behind the mamillary body that has lots of little vessels that supply the area (look like they’re perforations or something)

Tegmentum of midbrain (right behind the posterior perforated substance)

Question 10

Recesses of the 3rd ventricle (hint: funnel that’s connected to the eyes at the front and on top of the pineal)

Answer 10

Infundibular recess: (extends to infundibulum where pituitary is going to attach)

Chiasmatic/optic recess: just above the optic chiasm

Anterior recess: (where there’s a red delineation on the slide) >> triangle kinda thing that extends in front of the interventricular foramen and behind the anterior commissure

Suprapineal recess: just above stalk of pineal gland

Pineal recess: a small diverticulum which widens posteriorly between the superior and inferior laminae of the stalk of the pineal gland

Question 11

Lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle is marked by a curved sulcus, the ___ ___ that goes from interventricular foramen to upper end of cerebral aqueduct

the sulcus divides the lateral wall into the __ above and the _ below

Answer 11

Hypothalamic sulcus

Hypothalamic sulcus divides the thalamus (above) and hypothalamus (below)

Question 12

The __ connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles

The ___ ___ (aka central gray) surrounds X, and is involved in the descending modulation of pain

Answer 12

Cerebral aqueduct

Periaqueductal gray

Question 13

The 4th ventricle is connected the 3rd ventricle via ___

Roof of the 4th ventricle formed by ___ and __ fossa

4th ventricle connected to the subarachnoid space via the ___ and ___ . CSF flows through these structures into the cisterna magna

Answer 13

4th ventricle connected to 3rd ventricle via cerebral aqueduct,

Roof formed by cerebellum and rhomboid fossa

and to the subarachnoid space via the lateral foramina of Luschka and medial foramen of Magendie

Question 14

Roof of 4th ventricle and floor of 4th ventricle composed of __ and __ respectively

Which structures link the cerebellum to the rest of the brainstem?

The 4th ventricle closes up caudally at the point of __ and continues into the spinal cord as the ___ ___

Answer 14

Cerebellum

Rhomboid fossa

Cerebellar peduncles

Obex

Central canal

Question 15

Location of Cisterna Magna (hint: the C and M stand for the structures between which this is located)

What happens to excess CSF?

Answer 15

Between cerebellum and dorsal surface of the medulla

Excess CSF is absorbed by the arachnoid villi which drain into the dural venous sinuses

Question 16

Acquired hydrocephalus vs congenital hydrocephalus

Types of congenital hydrocephalus

Answer 16

Acquired hydrocephalus: develops after birth as a result of head trauma, brain tumor, cyst, intraventricular hemorrhage or infection of the brain

Congenital hydrocephalus: born with it

Aqueductal stenosis: most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus. Occurs when the aqueduct of Sylvius is narrowed or blocked; CSF collects upstream in lateral and 3rd ventricles, producing hydrocephalus

Type I Chiari: lower part of the cerebellum extends into the foramen magnum

Type II Chiari: common in kids with spina bifida. Both parts of the cerebellum and the brainstem extend into the foramen magnum, blocking CSF flow out of the fourth ventricle and causing hydrocephalus.

Question 17

Communicating hydrocephalus vs non-communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 17

communicating hydrocephalus:

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows freely throughout the brain’s ventricular system and the subarachnoid space

non-communicating hydrocephalus:

physical blockage along the ventricular system so CSF not free-flowing

Question 18

Function of choroid plexus

Location of choroid plexus

Answer 18

CSF production

Superior part of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle; fourth ventricle below the cerebellum

Question 19

C shaped structures in close anatomical relationship to the ventricles (and functions of each)

Answer 19

Corpus callosum: pathway between the neocortex of the 2 hemispheres; provides bidirectional communication

Caudate nucleus: part of the basal ganglia involved in motor behaviors, motivation - kicking a CN (can) (kicking = motor behavior; can = you tell yourself you can totally kick

Hippocampus: part of the limbic system involved in short term memory - hippos can’t remember things coz they’re short term memory is shot

Question 20

basal ganglia components (hint: CN, the “nutshell”, the pale globe, substantively black and the StN)

Answer 20

caudate nucleus

putamen

globus pallidus (external and internal)

subthalamic nucleus

substantia nigra

Question 21

parts that make up the following:

corpus striatum

neostriatum

lenticular/lentiform nucleus

paleostriatum

Answer 21

Corpus striatum: caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus

Neostriatum: caudate and putamen

Lenticular (lentiform) nucleus: putamen and globus pallidus

Paleostriatum: globus pallidus

Question 22

components of substanita nigra

function of substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area of the brain

Answer 22

Substantia nigra: contains pars reticulata and pars compacta (major source of dopamine)

Ventral tegmental area also produces a lot of dopamine (apparently its the major dopamine factory) and distributes to various parts of the brain

Question 23

Limbic system components (lawd, issa long list. good luck)

2 gyri

a hype hippo

fornicating bodies

1 septum

1 gray and some bulbs

commisurating in habana (pron’d Havana)

A, ATN, and MMA

Answer 23

olfactory bulbs,

hippocampus,

hypothalamus,

amygdala,

anterior thalamic nuclei,

fornix, columns of fornix,

mammillary body,

septum pellucidum,

habenular commissure,

cingulate gyrus,

parahippocampal gyrus,

“limbic cortex”,

periaqueductal gray,

midbrain monoaminergic areas

Question 24

Some functions of limbic system

Answer 24

emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction

Question 25

Circuitry of the limbic system

(C gyrus>>PG>>EC>>H>>Fornicating bodies>>MTA>>AN, T)

Answer 25

(see image below)

Question 26

Function of hippocampus and anterior commisure

Where’s the pulVinar and what’s its function?

Answer 26

Hippocampus involved in short term memory

Anterior commissure connects all the temporal lobe areas

Pulvinar – visual association nucleus; lies posterior-lateral to the fornices