Ventricular system; basal ganglia and limbic system Flashcards
Four brain ventricles
Lined by __ which produces cerebrospinal fluid that fills the ventricles
Left and Right lateral ventricles (also same as the lateral ventricles fom Puche’s lecture)
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
Choroid plexus
Parts of lateral ventricles ass’d with the brain lobes
Anterior horn
Body
Posterior horn
Temporal horn
Lobes associated with the following horns of the lateral ventricles:
anterior
body
posterior
temporal
lateral ventricles are connected to the 3rd ventricle via the ___ foramen
Anterior (frontal) horn – associated with frontal lobe
Body – associated with parietal and frontal lobes
Posterior (occipital) horn – ass’d with occipital lobe
Temporal horn – associated with temporal lobe
Lateral ventricles connected to the 3rd ventricle via the foramen of Monroe/interventricular foramen
Anterior part of third ventricle formed by __
In the middle of the 3rd ventricle is an “eye” like area called the ___ or massa intermedia
Lamina terminalis
Interthalamic adhesion
Boundaries of the 3rd ventricle
anterior wall
posterior wall
roof
floor
Components of anterior wall of 3rd ventricle (hint: people fornicate and comissurate in LA)
Anterior wall of 3rd ventricle formed by:
Columns of the fornix (pathway coming from the hippocampus)
Anterior commissure: connects inferior portions of the temporal lobes on either side
Lamina terminalis
Components of posterior wall of 3rd ventricle
Pineal gland
Posterior commissure: connects left and right tactile areas
Rostral end of cerebral aqueduct (which connects 3rd and fourth ventricle)
Roof of 3rd ventricle
Ependyma (tela choroidea): stretches across upper limits of the thalamus bilaterally; kind of attached to choroid plexus
Floor of 3rd ventricle
Optic chiasm (the crossing of the optic nerve provides us with depth vision)
Tuber cinereum and infundibulum (stalk that connects to the pituitary gland)
Mamillary bodies (part of limbic system)
Posterior perforated surface: area behind the mamillary body that has lots of little vessels that supply the area (look like they’re perforations or something)
Tegmentum of midbrain (right behind the posterior perforated substance)
Recesses of the 3rd ventricle (hint: funnel that’s connected to the eyes at the front and on top of the pineal)
Infundibular recess: (extends to infundibulum where pituitary is going to attach)
Chiasmatic/optic recess: just above the optic chiasm
Anterior recess: (where there’s a red delineation on the slide) >> triangle kinda thing that extends in front of the interventricular foramen and behind the anterior commissure
Suprapineal recess: just above stalk of pineal gland
Pineal recess: a small diverticulum which widens posteriorly between the superior and inferior laminae of the stalk of the pineal gland
Lateral wall of the 3rd ventricle is marked by a curved sulcus, the ___ ___ that goes from interventricular foramen to upper end of cerebral aqueduct
the sulcus divides the lateral wall into the __ above and the _ below
Hypothalamic sulcus
Hypothalamic sulcus divides the thalamus (above) and hypothalamus (below)
The __ connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles
The ___ ___ (aka central gray) surrounds X, and is involved in the descending modulation of pain
Cerebral aqueduct
Periaqueductal gray
The 4th ventricle is connected the 3rd ventricle via ___
Roof of the 4th ventricle formed by ___ and __ fossa
4th ventricle connected to the subarachnoid space via the ___ and ___ . CSF flows through these structures into the cisterna magna
4th ventricle connected to 3rd ventricle via cerebral aqueduct,
Roof formed by cerebellum and rhomboid fossa
and to the subarachnoid space via the lateral foramina of Luschka and medial foramen of Magendie
Roof of 4th ventricle and floor of 4th ventricle composed of __ and __ respectively
Which structures link the cerebellum to the rest of the brainstem?
The 4th ventricle closes up caudally at the point of __ and continues into the spinal cord as the ___ ___
Cerebellum
Rhomboid fossa
Cerebellar peduncles
Obex
Central canal
Location of Cisterna Magna (hint: the C and M stand for the structures between which this is located)
What happens to excess CSF?
Between cerebellum and dorsal surface of the medulla
Excess CSF is absorbed by the arachnoid villi which drain into the dural venous sinuses
Acquired hydrocephalus vs congenital hydrocephalus
Types of congenital hydrocephalus
Acquired hydrocephalus: develops after birth as a result of head trauma, brain tumor, cyst, intraventricular hemorrhage or infection of the brain
Congenital hydrocephalus: born with it
Aqueductal stenosis: most common cause of congenital hydrocephalus. Occurs when the aqueduct of Sylvius is narrowed or blocked; CSF collects upstream in lateral and 3rd ventricles, producing hydrocephalus
Type I Chiari: lower part of the cerebellum extends into the foramen magnum
Type II Chiari: common in kids with spina bifida. Both parts of the cerebellum and the brainstem extend into the foramen magnum, blocking CSF flow out of the fourth ventricle and causing hydrocephalus.
Communicating hydrocephalus vs non-communicating hydrocephalus
communicating hydrocephalus:
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows freely throughout the brain’s ventricular system and the subarachnoid space
non-communicating hydrocephalus:
physical blockage along the ventricular system so CSF not free-flowing
Function of choroid plexus
Location of choroid plexus
CSF production
Superior part of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle; fourth ventricle below the cerebellum
C shaped structures in close anatomical relationship to the ventricles (and functions of each)
Corpus callosum: pathway between the neocortex of the 2 hemispheres; provides bidirectional communication
Caudate nucleus: part of the basal ganglia involved in motor behaviors, motivation - kicking a CN (can) (kicking = motor behavior; can = you tell yourself you can totally kick
Hippocampus: part of the limbic system involved in short term memory - hippos can’t remember things coz they’re short term memory is shot
basal ganglia components (hint: CN, the “nutshell”, the pale globe, substantively black and the StN)
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus (external and internal)
subthalamic nucleus
substantia nigra
parts that make up the following:
corpus striatum
neostriatum
lenticular/lentiform nucleus
paleostriatum
Corpus striatum: caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus
Neostriatum: caudate and putamen
Lenticular (lentiform) nucleus: putamen and globus pallidus
Paleostriatum: globus pallidus
components of substanita nigra
function of substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area of the brain
Substantia nigra: contains pars reticulata and pars compacta (major source of dopamine)
Ventral tegmental area also produces a lot of dopamine (apparently its the major dopamine factory) and distributes to various parts of the brain
Limbic system components (lawd, issa long list. good luck)
2 gyri
a hype hippo
fornicating bodies
1 septum
1 gray and some bulbs
commisurating in habana (pron’d Havana)
A, ATN, and MMA
olfactory bulbs,
hippocampus,
hypothalamus,
amygdala,
anterior thalamic nuclei,
fornix, columns of fornix,
mammillary body,
septum pellucidum,
habenular commissure,
cingulate gyrus,
parahippocampal gyrus,
“limbic cortex”,
periaqueductal gray,
midbrain monoaminergic areas
Some functions of limbic system
emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction
