Ventricular Arrhythmias And BBB Flashcards

1
Q

Where do SUPRAventricular rhythms send their impulse to, and what is the QRS complex characteristics?

A
  1. Send impulse through AV node and into the conduction system
  2. Narrow QRS duration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where do ventricular rhythms originate from, and what is the QRS complex characteristics?

A
  1. Originate below the bundle of HIS or the ventricular myocytes
    *There will be lower conduction
    *flows in retrograde fashion
  2. Wide QRS duration
    *>0.12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the major characteristics of Ventricular Arrhythmias?

A
  1. There will be changes in ST segment and T waves
    *they will slope in the opposite direction of the main QRS deflection
  2. Ventricular repolarization is also abnormal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different types of ventricular arrhythmias?

A
  1. Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs)
  2. Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
  3. Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
  4. Idioventricular rhythm
  5. Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
  6. Ventricular standstills (asystole)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do PVC arise from?

A
  1. Below the bundle of HIS in the ventricle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the PVC characteristics (QRS)?

A
  1. QRS is premature
  2. QRS is wide >0.12
  3. QRS morphology is different from QRS in underlying rhythm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the PVC characteristics (P-wave)?

A
  1. Sinus (BR)
    *can be obscured within PVC
    *can appear just before or in the ST segment of T wave
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the PVC characteristics (ST segment and T wave)?

A
  1. ST segment and T wave slope in the opposite direction from the main QRS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the patterns of then PVCs?

A
  1. Every other beat = Bigeminy
  2. Every third beat = trigeminal pattern
  3. Every fourth beat = quadrigmeinal pattern
  4. Pairs = couplets
  5. Runs = 3 or more PVCs in a run constitutes a pattern
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the PVC rhythms that have more >3 PVCs in a row?

A
  1. Idioventricular rhythm
    *30-45 beats per minute
  2. Accelerated idioventricular rhythm
    *40-100 beats per minute
  3. Ventricular tachycardia
    *140-250 beats per minute
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the different type of morphology a PVC could have?

A
  1. Unifocal
  2. Multifocal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a Unifocal PVC?

A
  1. Originates from a single focus
  2. The PVC look identical in the same lead
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a Multifocal PVC?

A
  1. Different morphologies in different leads
  2. The PVCs look different (arise from different foci)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an interpolated PVC?

A
  1. PVC occurring between beats that does not disturb underlying rhythm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a R-On-T PVC?

A
  1. PVC falling on the downslope of preceding T wave
    *may precipitate a malignant rhythm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why do ventricular escape beats happen?

A
  1. The sinus node fails to produce an impulse AND
  2. Junctional tissue must fail to generate an impulse THEN
  3. The ventricular pacemaker then fires
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the rate and rhythm of ventricular tachycardia?

A

Rate = 140-250bpm
Rhythm = regular
*can occur in short runs or as continuous rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the ST segment and T wave characteristics of Ventricular Tachycardia

A
  1. They both slope in the opposite direction of the normal QRS complexes
19
Q

What is the rate of ventricular flutter?

A

Rate = >250bpm
*looks like v-tach except for the rate
*there is no cardiac output

20
Q

What is the difference between “non-sustained” and “sustained” VT

A

Non-sustained = VT lasts <30secs
Sustained = VT last >30secs
*life-threatening

21
Q

What do you call VT if there are 3 or more CONSECUTIVE PVCs

A

Run/burst of nonsustained VT

22
Q

What is Torsades DE Pointe?

A
  1. Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
    *the QRS complexes gradually gets narrow and wider
    *There will be varying amplitudes of the QRS complexes
23
Q

What is the treatment for Torsades De Pointe?

A
  1. Magnesium
  2. Defibrillation
24
Q

What is the difference between course VF and Fine VF?

A

Course
1. Usually more irregular
2. More of a recent onset
Fine
1. resembles asystole
2. Check multiple leads
3. Will progress to asystole without treatment

25
Q

What is the treatment for V-Fib

A
  1. CPR
  2. Defibrillation
26
Q

What is the rate and rhythm of “idioventricular” rhythm

A

Rate = 30-40bpm (sometimes less)
Rhythm = regular

27
Q

What are the P-wave characteristics of Idioventricular rhythm?

A

Absent

28
Q

What is the PR interval duration of idioventricular rhythm?

A
  1. NA
29
Q

What is the QRS duration for Idioventricular rhythm?

A
  1. Wide >0.12
30
Q

What is the rate and rhythm of Accelerated Idioventricular rhythm?

A

Rate = 40-100bpm
Rhythm = regular

31
Q

What is the P-wave characteristics and PR duration of Accelerated Idioventricular rhythms?

A

P-waves= Absent
PR = NA

32
Q

What is the QRS duration for Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythms

A

Wide >0.12secs

33
Q

What is ventricular standstill?

A
  1. Absence of electrical activity in ventricles
    *No QRS complexes
34
Q

What are the two presentations of ventricular standstill? (Asystole)

A
  1. P-waves with no QRS complexes
  2. Straight line
35
Q

What is a BBB?

A
  1. A BBB is caused by a block in right or left bundle branch
    *The depolarization to the ventricles will be delayed
36
Q

What causes the R R’

A
  1. The ventricles are contracting asynchronously so
  2. One ventricle depolarizes slightly later than the other
  3. Which causes two “joined QRS”
37
Q

If there is a BBB what must happen next?

A

Need to determine if it is a right or left BBB
*obtain a 12 lead EKG

38
Q

Which leads will show a Right BBB?

A

V1
V2
*will have a more prominent R R’

39
Q

What leads show a Left BBB?

A

V5
V6
*less prominent R R’ (depolarization of the left ventricle)

40
Q

What is the rate and rhythm of a BBB?

A

Rhythm = regular
Rate = that of the underlying rhythm (sinus)

41
Q

What is the P-wave characteristics and PR duration for BBB?

A

P= Sinus
PR = normal (0.12-0.20)

42
Q

What is the QRS duration for BBB?

A

Wide

43
Q

Can vector and hypertrophy be determined accurately in the presence of a BBB?

A

NO

44
Q

What are capture and fusion beats?

A

BOTH HAPPEN DURING V-tach
Capture: ventricular conduction system is receptive during V-tach and will produce a normal appearing QRS complex
Fusion: Blending of a normal QRS with a PVC like complexes