Ventricles (Task 3)

Question 1

Connection between 3rd and 4th ventricle

Answer 1

Cerebral Aquaduct

Question 2

Connection between lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle

Answer 2

Interventricular foramina

Question 3

Communications of the 4th ventricle

Answer 3

Central canal of spine

Subarachnoid space

Question 4

Cells which make CSF

Answer 4

Ependymal cells in choroid plexus of ventricles

Question 5

Reabsorption of CSF

Answer 5

Enter dural venus sinsuses via arachnoid granulations (aka arachnoid villi) of arachnoid mater

Question 6

Role of CSF

Answer 6

Buoyancy of brain so we can support weight of head
Protection of brain
Prevention of ischaemi
Homeostasis 
Waste clearence

Question 7

Symptoms of occluded cerebral aqauduct in a neonate

Answer 7

Hydrocephalus
Bulging fontanelles
Enlarged head
Gaping cranial sutures

Question 8

Symptoms of occluded cerebral aqauduct in an adult

Answer 8

Hydrocephalus

Raised ICP symptoms

Question 9

Blood in CSF sample may signify

Answer 9

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

Traumatic LP

Question 10

LP contraindications

Answer 10

GCS < 9 
Bradycardia and Hypertension 
Coagulopathy
Shock
Repeated seizures
Focal neurological symptoms 
Papillioedema

Question 11

Reason for LP contraindication in raised ICP

Answer 11

LP causes a low pressure shunt which can pull brain down and cause herniation

Question 12

Mechanism of a subfalcine herniation

Answer 12

Brain tissue pushed under falx cerebri

Question 13

Mechanism of transtentorial (uncal) herniation

Answer 13

Uncas of temporal lobe is squeezed putting pressure on brainstem

Question 14

Mechanism of a transtentorial (central) herniation

Answer 14

Diencephalon and parts of temporal lobe pushed through tentorial notch

Question 15

Tonsiller herniation

Answer 15

Cerebellum pushed through foramen magunum