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AUDE 5450 - Amplification 1 > Venting > Flashcards

Venting Flashcards

1
Q

Does physical modification of the earmold and soundbore change the final output intensity and frequency response of the device?

A

Yes

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2
Q

What frequencies does venting primarily effect?

A

Below 1.5 kHz

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3
Q

What is the purpose of venting?

A

Allows amplified lows to escape
Reduces the occlusion effect
Allows unamplified signals in
Allows aeration of the canal and pressure release

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4
Q

What is the vent effect?

A

Anything that allows the exchange of air between the canal and outside air

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5
Q

What results in a vent effect?

A

Earmold with drilled vent bore
Open dome
Loosely fit closed or power domes
Earmolds with slit leaks (poorly fit or dynamic EAC)

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6
Q

Does the air inside the vent have an acoustic mass?

A

Yes
It takes energy to overcome this mass

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7
Q

Do high frequency signals have enough energy to overcome the inertia of the vent?

A

No

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8
Q

Do low frequency signals have enough energy to overcome the inertia of the vent?

A

Yes
They can easily move through

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9
Q

Do larger vents release more low frequency output?

A

Yes
Open is used for normal hearing, semi-occluded is used for worse, etc.

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10
Q

Do vents also allow low frequency signals generated inside the ear canal to escape?

A

Yes
If it doesn’t it results in an occlusion effect

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11
Q

When are occlusion effect complaints common?

A

When someone has low frequency thresholds better than 50 dB HL

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12
Q

What are some of the most noticeable vocalizations for the occlusion effect?

A

“ee” and “oo”
Baby genie is teeny tiny

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13
Q

How does the occlusion effect work?

A

The skull transduces low frequency energy generated by the voice
The BC signal becomes trapped in the EAC

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14
Q

Can hollow earmolds help with the occlusion effect?

A

Yes
The impact of the vent diameter is more pronounced in a hollow mold that a solid mold of the same vent diameter

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15
Q

When are custom non-occluding earmolds fit (thin rod in ear)?

A

CROS devices for retention but access to normal hearing
Hearing sensitivity is normal in the lows

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16
Q

Can the occlusion effect also be managed by stabilizing the device in the bony canal?

A

Yes
Needs to extend past the second bend to reach the bony canal

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17
Q

Does venting allow low frequency environmental noise to travel directly to the eardrum without amplification?

A

Yes
Called direct signal

18
Q

What are the limitations of low frequencies going through the vent?

A

Can mask amplified high frequency signals
Digital sound cleaning does manage unamplified direct signals (noise)

19
Q

How much louder does the amplified signal need to be to dominate the unamplified “direct” signal?

A

20 dB SPL

20
Q

What happens if the unamplified signal and the amplified signal are equal in intensity?

A

They two signals combine and are perceived as one

21
Q

What happens if the direct signal is substantially louder than the unamplified signal?

A

It will mask it

22
Q

What is a potential vent issue?

A

The final output may be altered by the direct signal moving inward and the amplified signal moving outward being in-phase or out-of-phase
Cancel or double

23
Q

What is the culprit of the in-phase/out-of-phase issue with vents?

A

Standing waves

24
Q

What creates a feedback loop?

A

When high frequency output energy increases and escapes canal through the vent
Creates feedback

25
Q

How much gain does an occluded mold allow?

A

40 dB of gain at 3 kHz
Supports audibility to 80 dB HL

26
Q

How much gain does a 3 mm vent allow?

A

30 dB of gain at 3 kHz
Supports audibility to 60 dB HL

27
Q

How much gain does an open dome allow?

A

25 dB of gain at 3 kHz
Supports audibility to 50 dB HL

28
Q

Is vent size inversely related to high frequency output?

A

Yes

29
Q

What is a parallel vent?

A

The sound bore and the vent travel through the ear piece side-by-side without intersecting

30
Q

What is an angle vent?

A

The vent intersects with the sound bore as close as possible to the tip of the canal
Decreases high freq output and increases potential for feedback
Used as a last resort

31
Q

What is a half external vent and a trench vent?

A

A channel from the tip of the canal to halfway down and then transitions to an internal vent
Behave similarly to parallel vents

32
Q

What is the only real way to know the vent effect?

A

Measure it during real ear

33
Q

What vent size is recommended for a 50-60 dB loss at 500 Hz?

A

0.5 to no vent

34
Q

What vent size is recommended for a 40-49 dB loss at 500 Hz?

A

1-2 mm

35
Q

What vent size is recommended for a 30-39 dB loss at 500 Hz?

A

2-3 mm or power dome

36
Q

What vent size is recommended for a 20-29 dB loss at 500 Hz?

A

3-3.5 mm or closed dome

37
Q

What vent size is recommended for 20 dB threshold to 1.5 kHz?

A

Open dome

38
Q

What is a pressure vent?

A

Allows the release of pressure resulting from snug earmolds
0.5 mm
Does not release a significant amount of low frequency energy

39
Q

Can select-a-vents significantly change the acoustic mass?

A

No

40
Q

Can select-a-vents significantly change the vent effect?

A

May not

AUDE 5450 - Amplification 1 (14 decks)

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