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Flight Medic > Ventilator Patient Management > Flashcards

Ventilator Patient Management Flashcards

1
Q

Tidal Volume (Vt)

A

Normal inhalation amount
4-8 ml/kg IBW

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2
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

A

total forced inhalation in addition to Vt

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3
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

A

total forced exhalation after Vt

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4
Q

Residual Volume (RV)

A

amount of air left in airway after forceful exhalation

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5
Q

Total lung capacity (TLC)

A

IRV+Vt+ERV+RV

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6
Q

Dead Space

A

surface of airway not involved in gaseous exchange
2ml/kg

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7
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Central: located in Pons, and Medulla
driven by CO2 and H+ levels in CSF
slow to respond
Peripheral: Located in aortic arch/carotid bodies
driven by O2, CO2, and H+
body’s pulse ox

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8
Q

Apneustic

A

Deep gasping inspiration with pause and insufficient release
Decerebrate posturing

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9
Q

Ataxic

A

irregular
increasing periods of apnea
caused by damage to medulla
V-fib of breathing

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10
Q

Biot’s

A

quick shallow respirations, followed by periods of apnea

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11
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

progressively deeper then shallower, followed by periods of apnea
Decorticate posturing

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12
Q

Kussmaul’s

A

Deep, Labored
DKA

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13
Q

Gold standard of oxygenation

A

SPO2

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14
Q

Gold standard of Ventilation

A

EtCO2

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15
Q

Hypoxic Respiratory Failure

A

Inability to diffuse O2
ARDS, Pneumonia, CHF
Low PaO2 <60mmHg
Tx: O2 and PEEP

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16
Q

Hypercarbic Respiratory Failure

A

Inability to remove CO2
damage to Pons or Medulla
evidenced by respiratory acidosis (high EtCO2)
Tx: Increase Vt (Pplat), then Increase rate

17
Q

Rate (F)

A

12-20 BPM
respiratory rate

18
Q

Minute Volume (Ve)

A

Vt X F

19
Q

Inspiratory: Expiratory Ratio (I:E)

A

Ratio of Inspiration to expiration
Normal 1:2

20
Q

Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FIO2)

A

0.21-1.0 or 21% -100%
much more accurate than LPM

21
Q

Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)

A

0-20 cm H2O
prevents atelectasis
increases PaO2

22
Q

Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP)

A

<35cmH2O
Max pressure on inhalation

23
Q

Plateau Pressure (Pplat)

A

<30cmH2O
Pressure after lungs relax

24
Q

Controlled Mandatory Ventilation (CMV)

A

Breath completely controlled
Use on apneic, sedated, or paralyzed Pts

25
Q

Assist-Control Ventilation (AC)

A

Breath triggered by ventilator or Pt
Pt gets full Vt either way
Can cause breath stacking and barotrauma
Indicated for ARDS, paralyzed, or sedated Pt

26
Q

Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV)

A

If Pt fails to take a breath the vent will provide one
If the Pt initiates breath then vent provides a preset amount of pressure. (assisted pull-up)

27
Q

Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV)

A

Requires Pt to initiate breath
Every breath is assisted with pressure

28
Q

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

A

One continuous pressure
increases PEEP

29
Q

Bi-Level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)

A

Uses alternate levels of PEEP during inhalation and exhalation

30
Q

DOPES

A

Vent alarm pneumonic
Dislodged: Low pressure alarm
Obstructed: High pressure alarm
Pneumothorax: High pressure alarm
Equipment: machine failure, dead batteries
Stacked breaths: High pressure alarm

31
Q

Low Pressure Alarm

A

Disconnection from machine (most common)
Chest tube leak
Circuit leak
Airway leak
Hypovolemia

32
Q

High Pressure Alarm

A

Kinked line
coughing
secretions in airway
Pt biting tube
Reduced lung compliance (Pneumothorax, ARDS)
Increased airway resistance

33
Q

Waveform indicating bucking the tube

A

Curare Cleft

34
Q

PIP Decreased causes

A

Air leak
Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation

35
Q

PIP Increased/ Pplat increases causes

A

Decreased compliance
Abdominal distension
Asynchronous Breathing
Atelectasis
Pleural effusion
Endobronchial Intubation
Auto PEEP
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Edema

36
Q

PIP Increased/ Pplat unchanged causes

A

Obstruction
Foreign body
Bronchospasm
Kinked tube

Flight Medic (5 decks)

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