ventilation and the cough

Question 1

what are the central and peripheral receptors of the cough?

Answer 1

central: medulla
peripheral: receptors in the pharynx, larynx and the trachea

Question 2

describe the 4 stages of the cough, starting with the irritant?

Answer 2

• irritatant stimulates the mechano/chemo receptors in the respiratory tract
• afferent impulses are sent to the medulla
• efferent impulses are sent to the diaphragm, intercostal muscles and lungs
• muscles contract to form a cough

Question 3

time frame of an acute cough?

Answer 3

3 weeks

Question 4

time frame of a sub acute cough?

Answer 4

3-8 weeks

Question 5

time frame of a chronic cough?

Answer 5

8+ weeks

Question 6

what drugs are able to suppress the central and peripheral cough centres?

Answer 6

antitussives

Question 7

what drug class can suppress a cough?

Answer 7

opioids e.g codeine

Question 8

what is the name of drugs that liquify mucus making it easier to expel?

Answer 8

expectorants

Question 9

what bacteria causes whooping cough?

Answer 9

bordetella pertussis

Question 10

what is the medical term for an ear infection?

Answer 10

otitis media

Question 11

what causes otitis media?

Answer 11

fluid in the middle ear and inflamed Eustachian tubes

Question 12

what cells secrete mucus in the respiratory system?

Answer 12

goblet cells

Question 13

where does the lower respiratory tract start?

Answer 13

trachea

Question 14

what medicine can cause a cough and why?

Answer 14

ACE inhibitors because they can causes a build up of bradykinin

Question 15

what is normal healthy respiratory rate?

Answer 15

12-18 breaths per minute