Ventilation

Question 1

indications for ventilation

Answer 1

respiratory failure
cardiac insufficiency
neuro dysfunction

Question 2

breathing is based on a

Answer 2

neg pressure system

ventilators use a pos pressure system

Question 3

alveolar minute volume =

Answer 3

respiratory rate x effective tidal volume (TV - dead space)

Question 4

common causes of abnormal gas exchange

Answer 4

hypoventilation and V/Q mismatch
Can correct hypoventilation by increasing minute ventilation
Can correct V/Q mismatch by increasing amount of lung that is ventilated or by improving perfusion to those areas that are ventilated

Question 5

what can we manipulate on ventilators

Answer 5

minute volume
pressure gradient
surface area

Question 6

how do newer control modes work

Answer 6

machines may act in assist-control, with a minimum set rate and all triggered breaths above that rate also fully supported.

Question 7

vent synchronizes IMV “breath” with patient’s effort

Answer 7

SIMV
Vent tries to synchronize with pt’s effort
Patient takes “own” breaths in between (+/- PS)

Question 8

high freq oscillatory ventilation

Answer 8

extremely high rates

high rate, low tidal volume

Question 9

only diff b/w pressure limited and volume limited

Answer 9

PIP or PAP

tidal volume

Question 10

nrl tidal volume setting
PEEP
FiO2
rate

Answer 10

6-8 ml/kg ideal body weight
3-5
100% and wean
12 for adult,15 for adolescent/child, 20-30 for infant/small child

Question 11

how to troubleshoot

Answer 11

Look at the patient !!
Listen to the patient !!
when in doubt, disconnect the pt and begin BVM

Question 12

NPPV (noninvasive positive pressure ventilation) aka BiPAP is used mainly for

Answer 12

HF, pulm edema, COPD

C/I in MI/arrhythmias

Question 13

best way to determine if ET tube is in right space

Answer 13

end tidal CO2

Question 14

most important skill to learn

Answer 14

BVM