Ventilation Flashcards
indications for ventilation
respiratory failure
cardiac insufficiency
neuro dysfunction
breathing is based on a
neg pressure system
ventilators use a pos pressure system
alveolar minute volume =
respiratory rate x effective tidal volume (TV - dead space)
common causes of abnormal gas exchange
hypoventilation and V/Q mismatch
Can correct hypoventilation by increasing minute ventilation
Can correct V/Q mismatch by increasing amount of lung that is ventilated or by improving perfusion to those areas that are ventilated
what can we manipulate on ventilators
minute volume
pressure gradient
surface area
how do newer control modes work
machines may act in assist-control, with a minimum set rate and all triggered breaths above that rate also fully supported.
vent synchronizes IMV “breath” with patient’s effort
SIMV
Vent tries to synchronize with pt’s effort
Patient takes “own” breaths in between (+/- PS)
high freq oscillatory ventilation
extremely high rates
high rate, low tidal volume
only diff b/w pressure limited and volume limited
PIP or PAP
tidal volume
nrl tidal volume setting
PEEP
FiO2
rate
6-8 ml/kg ideal body weight
3-5
100% and wean
12 for adult,15 for adolescent/child, 20-30 for infant/small child
how to troubleshoot
Look at the patient !!
Listen to the patient !!
when in doubt, disconnect the pt and begin BVM
NPPV (noninvasive positive pressure ventilation) aka BiPAP is used mainly for
HF, pulm edema, COPD
C/I in MI/arrhythmias
best way to determine if ET tube is in right space
end tidal CO2
most important skill to learn
BVM