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Biology > Ventilation > Flashcards

Ventilation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

The maximum volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled

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2
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The volume of oxygen that remains in the lungs after exhaling

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3
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The average volume of air that’s inhaled or exhaled

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4
Q

What is breathing rate?

A

The number of breaths a person takes in a one minute

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5
Q

What is oxygen uptake?

A

The amount of oxygen a subject consumes

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6
Q

What instrument is used to measure ventilation rate?

A

Spirometer

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7
Q

What does a complete wave signify on a spirometer?

A

A complete breath

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8
Q

What are the 3 muscles involved in ventilation?

A

-external intercostal muscles
-internal intercostal muscles
-diaphragm

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9
Q

What words describe the relationship in which the external and internal intercostal muscles work?

A

Antagonistic

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10
Q

What words describe the relationship in which the external and internal intercostal muscles work?

A

Antagonistic

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11
Q

What is the agonist muscle in inhalation and does it contract or relax?

A

-external intercostal muscles
-contracts

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12
Q

What is the antagonist muscle in inhalation and does it contract or relax?

A

-internal intercostal muscles
-relaxes

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13
Q

What is the agonist in exhalation and does it contract or relax?

A

-internal intercostal muscles
-contracts

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14
Q

What is the antagonist in exhalation and does it contract or relax?

A

-external intercostal muscles
- relaxes

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15
Q

In order, name the path the oxygen takes when inhaled

A

Trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli

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16
Q

Why does the trachea have cartilage rings surrounding it and why are these rings a “C” shape?

A

-to provide support to the trachea
-to allow the trachea to expand during exercise for increased volume of oxygen to pass through

17
Q

What is the name of the cartilage that supports the trachea?

A

Hyaline cartilage

18
Q

What is the name of the ligaments that connect the “C” shaped cartilage together?

A

Trachealis muscles

19
Q

-What is the name of the cells that line the trachea?
-Describe it

A

-ciliated pseudo striated epithelium
-a single squamous (single and thin) layer of cells

20
Q

Why is it important for the alveoli to have a high surface area?

A

Increased rate of diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

21
Q

Aside from a high surface area, what else makes the alveoli an efficient exchange surface?

A

-short diffusion distance(one cell thick)
-steep concentration gradient that is maintained through ventilation and blood flow

22
Q

What is the law that allows ventilation to work and what does the law state?

A

-Boyles law
-the relationship between volume and pressure is inversely proportional

Biology (2 decks)

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