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Biology-Exchange Surfaces > Ventilation > Flashcards

Ventilation Flashcards

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1
Q

How do mammals breath?

A

By ventilating their lungs.

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2
Q

What is Ventilation?

A

The movement of air into (inspiration) and out of (expiration) the lungs

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3
Q

What is ventilation controlled by?

A

The movements of the diaphragm, rib cage and intercostal muscles.

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of intercostal muscles?

A

Internal and External

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5
Q

What are the Internal Intercostal muscles?

A

-Underneath
-Involved in forces expiration

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6
Q

What are the External Intercostal muscles?

A

-On Top
-Involved in normal ventilation

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7
Q

What is the first step during inspiration?

A

The external intercostal muscles and diaphragm conrtact

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8
Q

What is the second step during inspiration?

A

The ribcage moves up and out so the volume of the thorax increases

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9
Q

What is the third step during inspiration?

A

The air pressure in the lungs reduces to less than atmospheric pressure.

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10
Q

What is the fourth step during inspiration?

A

Air flows into the lungs.

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11
Q

What is the first step during expiration?

A

The external intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax

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12
Q

What is the second step during expiration?

A

The ribcage moves down and in so the volume of the thorax decreases

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13
Q

What is the third step during expiration?

A

Air pressure in the lungs increases to above than atmospheric pressure

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14
Q

What is the fourth step during expiration?

A

Air flows out of the lungs

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15
Q

What happens during forces expiration?

A

External intercostal and diaphragm muscles relax the internal intercostal muscles and abs contract to pull the ribcage down/diaphragm up with more force.
-Requires energy

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16
Q

What is Tidal Volume?

A

The volume of air inhaled/exhaled per breath at rest.

17
Q

What is Total Lung Capacity?

A

The maximum volume of air that lungs can hold.

18
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

A

The maximum volume of air that can be expelled after forced inspiration.

19
Q

What factors effect Vital Capacity?

A

-Height
-Age
-Gender
-Regular Exercise

20
Q

What is Residual Volume?

A

Volume of air left in the lungs after forces expiration (usually 1L)

21
Q

What is Breathing Rate?

A

The number of breaths taken per unit of time (usually 1 minute)

22
Q

What is Oxygen Uptake?

A

The rate at which a person uses up oxygen.

23
Q

What are Spirometers used for?

A

To analyse lung function by measuring ventilation.

24
Q

What are the 4 precautions which should be taken when using a Spirometer?

A

-Subject should be free of asthma
-No air leaks in apparatus
-Sterilised mouthpiece
-Soda lime should be fresh and functioning.

Biology-Exchange Surfaces (7 decks)

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