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Vascular 1 > Venous Hemodynamics > Flashcards

Venous Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

how much blood is in veins

A

2/3

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2
Q

two different pressures effecting the vein shape are

A

intramural (internal)
interstitial (external)

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3
Q

compliance permits increase in the blood volume without a significant increase in the _____

A

venous pressure

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4
Q

veins are less ___ than arteries but are more ___

A

elastic
compliant

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5
Q

veins have _____ resistance to blood flow when in the supine position due to _____

A

little
reduced effect of gravity

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6
Q

the pressure difference from the post capillary vein and heart is ____

A

low

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7
Q

venous return to the heart is assisted by (4)

A

cardiac cycle
respiration
muscles
valves

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8
Q

2 periods of heart cycle increase venous flow

A

opening of tricuspid valve (more volume as can enter RV)
ventricular systole (pulls TV annulus down created more volume in RA for blood)

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9
Q

when the TV opens there is more ___ in the heart, _____ the pressure

A

volume
dropping

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10
Q

ASVD

A

atria contracts
ventricular systole (increased atrial V)
decreased flow as atria is filled
opening of TV

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11
Q

venous flow affected by movement of diaphragm is referred to as ______

A

respirophasicity

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12
Q

Valsalva maneuver increases pressure where (compared to diaphragm)

A

above and below diaphragm

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13
Q

inspiration = intra-abdominal pressures

A

increase

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14
Q

expiration = intra-thoracic pressures

A

decrease

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15
Q

inspiration = IVC

A

collapses

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16
Q

inspiration = LE venous return

A

decrease (more pressure in abdomen)

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17
Q

inspiration = UE venous return

A

increases (less intra-thoracic pressure)

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18
Q

when can respiration effects be diminsed

A

when in supine position/with shallow breather/standing

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19
Q

contraction of voluntary muscles (ex.calf) results in _____ venous pressure by interrupting the ______ column of blood

A

decreased
hydrostatic

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20
Q

at rest, with no muscle activity, the veins act as _____

A

reservoirs for blood collection

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21
Q

muscle contraction = venous flow in the deep and sup veins is _____ the heart
muscle relaxation = small amount of flow occurs in the _____, from the sup to the deep veins

A

toward
perforators

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22
Q

calf pump: contraction of the ____ and ___ muscles are the most efficient

A

gastrocnemius
soleus

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23
Q

calf capacitance high generate a pressure of about ___ mmHg/contraction

A

200

24
Q

in a single contraction of a calf muscle, ____% of the venous volume is ejected

A

40-60

25
Q

venous valves prevent

A

retrograde flow

26
Q

venous valves are _____ (bi/tricuspid) and arise from the ____ layer

A

bicuspid
intimal

27
Q

vales in perforating veins direct flow from the ______ to the ____

A

superficial
deep veins

28
Q

at the valve site, the vein ___ slightly at the sinus and ____ with increased pressure

A

dilates
expands

29
Q

what is a frequent site of thrombi due to stagnant flow in a vein

A

at the sinus of valves

30
Q

_____ or _______ can impede the flow of blood back to the heart from the lower extremities

A

gravity
hydrostatic pressure

31
Q

for every 12 inches of vertical distance below the heart, there are _____ of pressure

A

22mmHg

32
Q

hydrostatic pressure is defined by the …

A

weight of a column of blood at a given point

33
Q

hydrostatic pressure is relative to the _______ pressure of zero

A

right atrial

34
Q

anything above the heart has _____ hydrostatic pressure

A

negative

35
Q

when supine, the hydrostatic pressure is ______ (about _____)

A

negligible
10-15mmHg

36
Q

when standing, the ankle hydrostatic pressure rises to around ______ and the leg veins ____ to accept the blood pooling

A

110mmHg
dilate

37
Q

during activity, the blood is continuously ejected by muscle contractions, _____ the hydrostatic pressure. (walking hydrostatic pressure is about ____)

A

reducing
25mmHg

38
Q

transmural pressure determines

A

the cross-sectional shape of a vein

39
Q

transmural pressure is the difference between _____ and _____ pressures

A

intraluminal
interstitial

40
Q

intraluminal pressure is the pressure _____

A

within the vein wall

41
Q

______ pressure is the pressure within the vein walls

A

intraluminal

42
Q

interstitial pressure is the pressure _____

A

exerted from outside the vein by surrounding tissue and fluid

43
Q

_____ pressure is the pressure exerted from outside the vein by surrounding tissue and fluid

A

interstitial

44
Q

what happens to the vein with low transmural pressure

A

the vein wall collapses and becomes elliptical in shape

45
Q

what happens to the vein with high transmural pressure

A

the vein becomes circular and may even distend at higher venous pressures

46
Q

respirophasic antegrade flow is opposite in upper and lower extremities due to the changes in the ______ and ______ pressure

A

intrathoracic
intra-abdominal

47
Q

breathing in in lower extremities = flow ___
breathing in in upper extremities = flow ____

A

decreases
increases

48
Q

central veins are veins near what

A

the heart

49
Q

what happens to upper and lower extremity veins when performing the Valsalva maneuver

A

increased thoracic and abdominal pressure = increases pressure in both upper/lower extremity veins = flow stops or diminish in both

50
Q

release of breath after Valsalva maneuver will _____ or ____ flow in both the upper and lower extremities

A

increase
augment

51
Q

what is an abnormal response of flow during Valsalva maneuver

A

reverse of flow

52
Q

Valsalva maneuver should not be performed in patients with ____

A

heart disease

53
Q

3 abnormal waveforms

A

continuos
pulsatile
reflux

54
Q

continuos flow is when there is a lack of _____ usually as a result of a more ____ _____ from a ____ or _____

A

respirophasicity
proximal obstruction
clot
extrinsic mass

55
Q

pulsatile flow is when the _______ is reflected into vessels further from the heart because of increased ______ pressure related to a heart condition

A

heart beat
central venous

56
Q

retrograde flow is a result of ______ or _____.

A

valve incompetence
venous distention

57
Q

a small amount of retrograde flow is _____, but if prolonged it represents venous _____

A

normal
insufficiency

Vascular 1 (4 decks)

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