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Vascular 1 > Venous Circulatory system > Flashcards

Venous Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

Heart

A

Four chambered
Right half circulates blood from body to lungs
Left half circulates blood from lungs around body

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2
Q

How is blood forced through the body

A

By a pressure system

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3
Q

Right side circulation

A

Little peripheral resistance, so lower pressures needed

Right ventricles are thinner as a result

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4
Q

Left side circulation

A

Pumps same volume as right but against greater resistance

Left ventricular walls are more muscular

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5
Q

Resistance vessels

A

Consist of the muscular arterioles and precapillary sphincters
Provide the principle resistance to blood flow and regulates the pressure in the arterial tree

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6
Q

Arteries and arterioles

A

High pressure system

Low volume

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7
Q

Venous system

A

Carries most of the blood in the body

Low pressure and high volume system

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8
Q

Do you see lymphatic vessels on ultrasound

A

No but you do see lymph nodes

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9
Q

Single called capillary walls exchange

A 
Oxygen 
CO2
Nutrients 
Water
Inorganic ions
Vitamins
Hormones
Metabolic products
Immune substance between blood and tissue fluids
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10
Q

Lymph capillaries coexist with

A

Blood blood capillaries in capillary beds

Can exchange anything from liquids to cells

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11
Q

What is the percentage of fluid that leaks from blood capillaries into tissues that does not return

A

10-20%

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12
Q

What would happen if the fluid was left in the tissues

A

It would gradually flood causing edema

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13
Q

Lymphatics

A

Located alongside veins

Absorb excess fluid

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14
Q

Venules

A

Tributaries of veins
Collect blood from capillary beds
Smaller unit of veins

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15
Q

Capacitance vessels

A

Provide a low pressure blood reservoir through which blood returns to the heart

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16
Q

Vena combatants

A

Paired veins often accompany arteries

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17
Q

Veins

A

Hold 2/3 blood volume
Low pressure blood reservoir, how blood returns to the heart
Blood is collected in cap bed in venules

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18
Q

Valves

A

Prevent reverse flow
Pockets in the walls
Found where a tributary joins a larger vein and at intervals along main veins

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19
Q

What cause valve leaflets to close and stops the flow

A

Reflux blood pouring into the pockets and fills them

20
Q

What helps valves

A

Small veins

21
Q

Average blood volume of an adult

A

5L

22
Q

most common blood cell, what does it transport

A

Erythrocyte

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

23
Q

Second most common cell type

A

Leukocytes

24
Q

Platelets

A

Third type of blood cell
Aggregate in clumps
Involved with wound repair and blood clotting

25
Q

Leukocytes

A

Are the defence mechanisms

26
Q

All unoxygenated venous blood that returns enters the right atrium via

A

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

27
Q

Venous flow is

A

From venules to the heart

28
Q

Oxygen blood is returned _of the _via the _

A

Left atrium
Heart
pulmonary veins

29
Q

Blood is collected in

A

Venules

30
Q

Confluences

A

The merging points of different veins coming together

31
Q

Vasa vasorum

A

Found in the tunica adventitia

A network of tiny vessels that supply the walls of large veins and arteries with nutrients and oxygen

32
Q

Bicuspid

A

2 layers

33
Q

Valves

A 
Unique to venous system
Usually bicuspid 
Arise from the intimal layer
Allow for one way flow 
Present in upper and lower extremity 
Number of valves increase as distance from heart increases
34
Q

Svc

A

Formed by the junction of the right and left brachiocephalic veins

35
Q

Brachiocephalic vein

A

Formed by the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins

36
Q

Tributaries of the subclavian veins

A

Vertebral and external jugular veins

37
Q

External jugular veins

A

Drain the superficial areas of the scalp and face

38
Q

Vertebral veins

A

Drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, small neck muscles

39
Q

Internal jugular veins

A

Drain most of the blood from the brain and deep areas of the face and neck
Largest veins of the head and neck

40
Q

Duran sinuses

A

Argue interconnected chambers that lie between the dura mater layers
Not true veins but collect the blood from the brain to drain into the internal jugular veins
Major sinuses: superior and inferior Sagittal sinuses, straight, transverse, canvernous, sigmoid and petrosal sinuses

41
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Largest we in in the body
Formed by the union of the common iliac vein @ L5
Passes posterior surface of the liver, passes through the diaphragm, enters the right atrium of heart

42
Q

Renal veins

A

Drain from the hilum of each kidney
Lie anterior to the artery and empty into lateral walls of IVC
Left renal vein travels posterior to the SMA and anterior to aorta
Right renal vein is shorter and travels more inferiorly than the left

43
Q

Hepatic veins

A

Short veins that collect blood from the liver
Empty in the IVC just below the diaphragm
Right and left hepatic drain the right and the left lobes of the liver
Middle hepatic drain the medial segment of the left lobe and the anterior segment of the right lobe

44
Q

Portal system

A

Delivers 3-quarters of the livers blood flow
Separate system from the venous circulation
Consists of: MPV, SMV, SV, IMV

45
Q

Main portal vein

A

Forms behind the neck or head of the pancreas by the confluence of the smv and the sv
Length averages between 5.5-8.0 cm with a 1cm diameter
Runs behind the first portion of duodenum to the porta hepatis, divides into right and left portal branches
Receives the left and right gastric veins and the left branch of the paraumbilical vein

46
Q

Paraumbilical vein

A

Rement of the umbilical chord, located in the main portal vein

Vascular 1 (3 decks)

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