Venous Characteristics

Question 1

Transmural pressure within the venous system is normally

Answer 1

very low which allows for a flexible shape and increased compressibility.

Question 2

When the pressure in the venous system increases to an abnormal level

Answer 2

the veins become engorged with blood and demonstrate diminished flexibility/compressibility.

Question 3

Normal venous flow is

Answer 3

spontaneous demonstrate respiratory phasicity and responds to maneuvers properly

Question 4

Which veins normally demonstrate non-spontaneous flow.

Answer 4

The saphenous and calf veins normally demonstrate non-spontaneous flow. Distal augmentation is used to assess patency.

Question 5

Respiratory Phasicity

Answer 5

Note that inspiration increases flow toward the heart in the deep veins of theupper extremity, but flow ceases in the deep veins of the lower extremity. Expiration stops flow in the deep veins of the upper extremity, but increases flow toward the heart in the deep veins of the lower extremity.

Question 6

Intrathoracic Pressure

Answer 6

Inspiration - pressure goes down
Experation - pressure increases
Valslva - oressrue increases

Question 7

Intra-abdominal pressure

Answer 7

Inspiration - pressure increases
Expiration- pressure decreases
Valslava - Pressure increases

Question 8

Increased Pulsatility of Venous Flow

Answer 8

CHF
Significant Tricuspid Regugitation 
Significant Tricuspid Stenosis
Significant Pulmonic Regurgitation
Significnat Pulmonic Stenosis

Question 9

Diminished/Absence of Respiratory Phasicity Venous Flow

Answer 9

Unilateral-proximal venous obstruction in the ipsilateral extremity
Bilateral - central venous obstruction (thrombus, tumor, extrensic)

Question 10

Distal Augmentation

Answer 10

Flow increases toward the heart with squeeze of the calf then flow returns to normal (no reversal)

Question 11

Valsalva Maneuver

Answer 11

Flow ceases toward the heart with strain (no reversal) then flow returns to normal upon release.
Reversal of the onset of the Valsalva maneuver indicates the presence of reflux