Vegan Diets Can Be Healthy and Protective Against Chronic Diseases Briefing Flashcards

1
Q

About this Deck: “Vegan Diets Can Be Healthy and Protective Against Chronic Diseases”

A

This deck parallels the briefing at: vbriefings.org/vegan-diets/

  • There are no formal citations here, although sources may be mentioned. Full citations with links are provided int he briefing.
  • It would be best to read the briefing before studying these cards. Reading the briefing first provides understanding and context.
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2
Q

What is the briefing titled “Vegan Diets Can Be Healthy and Protective Against Chronic Diseases” about?

A

There is agreement among the credentialed dietetic and medical communities that we do not need animal products to be healthy, and that vegan diets are health-promoting and protective against chronic diseases.

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3
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Provide a summary of the briefing on vegan diets being healthy and protecting against chronic diseases.

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Dietetic associations and prominent health organizations like Harvard Health, Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Kaiser Permanente, and NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare endorse a plant-based diet as healthy.

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4
Q

What does the Cleveland Clinic say about a herbivorous diet?

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The Cleveland Clinic acknowledges that “[t]here really are no disadvantages to a herbivorous diet!”

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5
Q

What is the US Department of Agriculture’s stance on plant-based diets?

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Despite supporting animal agriculture, the US Department of Agriculture recognizes a vegan diet as healthy in its dietary guidelines.

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6
Q

Do any required nutrients have to come from animal sources?

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No, required nutrients do not need to come from animals, as evidenced by the endorsements from various health organizations.

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7
Q

What is one of the core principles of veganism?

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One of the core principles of veganism is that it is wrong to cause unnecessary harm to animals.

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8
Q

Under what condition might some level of animal suffering be considered necessary in veganism?

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If a vital nutrient could only be obtained from animals, some level of suffering might be considered necessary, depending on the nutrient’s importance.

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9
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What does it take for veganism to be considered valid?

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Veganism is not required to prove that a vegan diet is superior, only that it is sufficient for good health.

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10
Q

Why is demonstrating the benefits of a vegan diet important?

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Demonstrating the benefits of a vegan diet supports its viability as a healthy eating option.

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11
Q

What if future discoveries show that an essential animal product is needed for health?

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Veganism would still be relevant, and we would be ethically obliged to consume only the necessary animal product, in the smallest amount required, and obtain it in the least harmful way possible.

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12
Q

What are the key points presented in the briefing on vegan diets being health and protective against chronic diseases?

A
  1. Prominent health organizations embrace a vegan diet.
  2. Dietetic associations endorse a vegan diet.
  3. The US government says a vegan diet is healthy.
  4. There are no required nutrients that must come from animals.
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13
Q

Which reputable health organizations support the idea that a plant-based diet is healthy?

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Harvard Health, Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Kaiser Permanente, and New York-Presbyterian Healthcare all say that a plant-based diet is healthy.

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14
Q

What health issues do organizations like Harvard Health, Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Kaiser Permanente, and NewYork-Presbyterian Healthcare acknowledge a plant-based diet can help fight?

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These organizations also acknowledge the ability of a plant-based diet to fight health issues such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, and high cholesterol.

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15
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What does Kaiser Permanente advise their doctors to recommend to patients with high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or obesity?

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They advise their doctors to recommend a plant-based diet to their patients, especially those with high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or obesity.

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16
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Why do dietetic associations have maximum credibility in endorsing totally vegan diets?

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Because human nutrition is their primary concern and the focus of their research.

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17
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Which organizations have made pronouncements on the viability of a vegan diet?

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The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (United States), the British Dietetic Association, the Dietitians of Canada, and the Dietitians Association of Australia.

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18
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What did the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics state about a well-planned vegan diet?

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They stated that a well-planned vegan diet is fine “for all stages of the life cycle, including pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, adolescence, older adulthood, and for athletes.”

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19
Q

What did the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) acknowledge about a vegan diet in its dietary guidelines for 2015–2020?

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The USDA acknowledged that a vegan diet is a healthy eating pattern. It acknowledged this in its discussion of Vegetarian Eating.

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20
Q

Why is the USDA’s acknowledgment of a vegan diet in its 2015–2020 dietary guidelines particularly significant?

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Because the USDA is a strong supporter of animal agriculture, providing billions annually in subsidies

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21
Q

What is the evidence regarding the necessity of obtaining certain nutrients from the animal kingdom?

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There is no convincing evidence to support this.

22
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Is there any required nutrient that must come from animals?

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It is impossible to name even one required nutrient that must come from animals.

23
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What did Walter Willett, chair of Harvard School of Public Health, say about shifting toward a vegan diet?

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“I think if we really care about the world our children and grandchildren will inherit, we do need to shift toward [a vegan diet],” said Willett. “And the good news is that it’s not just our planet that will be more healthy, but we will be more healthy as well.”

24
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What did Dr. Kim Williams, past president of the American College of Cardiology, say about cardiologists and veganism?

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“There are two kinds of cardiologists: vegans and those who haven’t read the data.”

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What does Cleveland Clinic say about obtaining proper nutrients from non-animal sources?
Cleveland Clinic states that “Obtaining proper nutrients from non-animal sources is simple for the modern herbivore.”
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What does Harvard Medical School say about plant-based eating?
Harvard Medical School says that “Nowadays, plant-based eating is recognized as not only nutritionally sufficient but also as a way to reduce the risk for many chronic illnesses.”
27
How does Kaiser Permanente define a plant-based diet?
Kaiser Permanente defines a plant-based diet as a regimen that encourages whole, plant-based foods and discourages meats, dairy products, eggs, and all refined and processed foods.
28
What health benefits does Cleveland Clinic attribute to a plant-based diet?
Cleveland Clinic states that a plant-based diet has many health benefits, including lowering the risk for: 1. heart disease 2. hypertension 3. Type 2 diabetes 4. Cancer As well as helping to lower cholesterol and blood pressure levels, maintain weight, and promote bone health.
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What does NewYork Presbyterian say about plant-based diets?
NewYork Presbyterian believes that plant-based diets are an effective means of treating chronic diseases, including diabetes, combating obesity, and lowering blood pressure and the risk for cardiovascular disease.
30
What is the main focus of the movie PlantPure Nation?
The movie documents a community health initiative that ran pilot programs, called pods, in rural communities, providing participants with veganized versions of traditional recipes for 10 days.
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What type of foods were participants given during the 10-day initiative in PlantPure Nation?
Participants were given veganized versions of traditional recipes such as lasagna, spaghetti, vegan meatballs, veggie burgers, etc.
32
What health improvements did participants experience after the 10-day program in PlantPure Nation?
Participants saw reductions in cholesterol levels, blood pressure, blood sugar, triglycerides, and body weight. Many also reported better energy levels and a decrease in reliance on medications.
33
What significant changes did one participant experience during the program in PlantPure Nation?
One participant’s cholesterol dropped from 277 to 150, and their triglycerides went from 395 to 98, all in less than two weeks.
34
How did many participants feel after completing the 10-day health initiative in PlantPure Nation?
Many participants reported better energy levels and a decreased reliance on medications.
35
What is the purpose of the Dean Ornish Reversal Program?
The program is designed to reverse heart disease, which is the number one cause of death in the United States.
36
What makes the Dean Ornish Reversal Program unique?
It is the only program scientifically proven in randomized controlled trials to reverse the progression of even severe coronary heart disease without drugs or surgery.
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What type of diet is a key component of the Dean Ornish Reversal Program?
The program includes a whole food, plant-based diet that is naturally low in fat and refined carbohydrates.
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What additional lifestyle changes are part of the Dean Ornish Reversal Program?
The program includes stress management, exercise, and social support as key lifestyle changes.
39
Where has the Dean Ornish Reversal Program been implemented?
The program has been implemented in numerous hospitals.
40
What is the central argument of Dr. Caldwell Esselstyn's book Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease?
The book argues that a plant-based diet can prevent, stop, and even reverse heart disease.
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What study is discussed in Dr. Esselstyn's book to support the effectiveness of a plant-based diet?
The book draws on the results of Dr. Esselstyn’s nutritional study, which demonstrated the power of a plant-based diet in combating heart disease.
42
What visual evidence is provided in Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease to support the diet’s effectiveness?
The book includes images of angiograms showing "before" and "after" results, where coronary arteries narrowed by plaque are shown to be widened with reduced plaque and improved blood flow after following a plant-based diet.
43
What was the size of the patient population in Dr. Esselstyn’s original 1995 study?
The original 1995 study had a patient population size of 22.
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What did Dr. Esselstyn’s 2014 study reveal?
The 2014 study, which included 198 patients, showed virtually the same results as the original study, supporting the effectiveness of a plant-based diet in reversing heart disease.
45
What sources would provide a deeper understanding of the topic "vegan diets can be healthy and protective against chronic diseases"?
1. The comprehensive edition of Brenda Davis’s book Becoming Vegan provides an exhaustive treatment of vegan nutrition.38 2. Sentient’s article “Plant-Based Diets Boast Many Health Claims, but What Does the Science Show?” takes care to not overstate health claims.
46
How can you start a general conversation promoting veganism and animal rights?
Begin by asking whether the person believes vegan diets can be healthy.
47
If someone responds positively to the question about vegan diets being healthy, what should you do next?
You can transition to discussing ethical considerations without spending additional time on the health aspect.
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What should you do if someone responds negatively to the idea of vegan diets being healthy?
Address their concerns by sharing information that challenges the misconception that vegan diets are unhealthy, then shift the conversation to focus on the ethics of exploiting animals.
49
How can you make your argument about vegan diets more persuasive?
Refer to expert testimony from well-respected sources, such as the Mayo Clinic and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, instead of getting caught up in intricate details of studies.
50
Why should you avoid discussing intricate details of studies when promoting veganism?
It’s better to rely on expert testimony from authoritative sources, which can be more persuasive and accessible to the listener.