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Ancient India / Art and Culture > Vedic Period > Flashcards

Vedic Period Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. Early Vedic Period ?
  2. Later Vedic Period ?
A

1500BC -1000BC
1000 BC - 600 BC

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2
Q

What are the 4 vedas ?

A

Rigveda
Samved
Yajurved
Atharva ved

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3
Q

Rigved -
How many hyms ?
Rigved contains information about ?
Rigvedic information about society?
Its chapters ?
Purush sukti?

A

Rigved contains earliest collection of 108 hyms/psalms
It has praise of various gods seeking the well-being of society.

Beautiful description of nature–> Mountains, rivers, plants.
- Himalaya is described as Himvant/ Jamuvant
Rigved also contains information about society, economy and polity

Rigveda contains 10 chapters :
2-7 : early vedic period
1,8,9,10 : later vedic period
–> 10th chapter - 1st time mentioned the varna system based on birth
–> Purushukti chapter mentions the reason for varna system
Brahman - emerged from the mouth of Adi brahma
Kshatriya - emerged from the chest and shoulder of Adi brahma
Vaishya - emerged from the thigs of Adi brahma
Shudra - emerged from the feet of Adi brahma

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4
Q

Expert of
Rigved
Samved
Yajurved
Atharva ved

A

Rigved - Hotra
Samved - Adhvaryu
Yajurved - Udgatri
Atharva ved - Brahma

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5
Q

Which rivers are mentioned in rigveda ?

A

Saptasindhu rivers of India
1. Indus - Sindhu
2. Jhelum - Vitasta
3. Chenab - Ashkini
4. Ravi - Parushani
5. Beas - Vipasa
6. Sutlej - Shutudri
7. Saraswati - Naditarana

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6
Q

Yajurved

A

Rules to perform yagna (rituals and sacrifices)
most popular
Expert - Adhvaryu

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7
Q

Samveda

A
  • Origin on indian music (16000 raag and raginis)
  • Book of chants
  • Last part of samveda (Rulebook of music): Gandharvaved
  • expert - udgatar
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8
Q

Atharva veda -

A
  • Cure of 99 diseases
  • Book of spell and magic
  • Most elaborate ved
  • Chapters on astronomy, astrology, mathematics etc.
  • Created by
    Atharva rishi
    Angira rishi
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9
Q
  1. Which book deals with the philosophy of ved
  2. Which book deals with spirits and magic
  3. Which book is called forest book and deals with mysticism/ mystery of veda?
A

Upanishad
Atharva veda
Aranyak

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10
Q

Brahman

A
  • Explains the tenets or principles of ved
  • Ideals of ved
  • 1st explanatory book of ved
  • Consists of prayers, sacrificial ceremonies.
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11
Q

Aranyak

A
  • Forest book
  • Deals with mysticism , rites, sacrificials, rituals etc.
  • Disseminated to people in vanprastha stage of life
  • Deals with mystery of veda and talks abt magic
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12
Q

Upanishad

A

-Upanishad means sitting near a guru to gain knowledge
- Deals with philosphy of ved
- Topics :
absolute
soul
origin of world and universe
spiritualism
Brahmasutra
- 108 upanishads considered important
modern quotes from upanishad

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13
Q

Foundational text of vedanta school of hindu philosophy

A

Brahmasutra (From Upanishad)

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14
Q

Brahmasutra (From upanishad)

A

Brahmasutra - 555 chapters
deals with human existence and universe
deals with political and spiritual ideas of ved
Foundational text of vedanta school of hindu philosophy
Contains 4 chapters -

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14
Q

Brahmasutra (From upanishad)

A

Brahmasutra - 555 chapters
deals with human existence and universe
deals with political and spiritual ideas of ved
Foundational text of vedanta school of hindu philosophy
Contains 4 chapters -

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15
Q

Brahmasutra (From upanishad)

A

Brahmasutra - 555 chapters
deals with human existence and universe
deals with political and spiritual ideas of ved
Foundational text of vedanta school of hindu philosophy
Contains 4 chapters -
1. Absolute reality
2. Addresses objections raised by contemporary schools
3. epistemology
4. why such knowledge is important

16
Q

Which upanishad ?
1. satyameva jayate
2. Kota upanishad
3. Bruhad upanishad
4. Vasudaiva kutumbakam - G20 theme

A

Mundak upanishad
atithi deva bhvo
asto ma sadgamaye tamaso ma jyotirgamaye
Maha upanishad

17
Q

In how many texts are rituals mentioned

A

Brahman
Aranyak
Yajurveda
Atharva veda

18
Q

Epics during vedic period

A

Mahabharata (also known - Jaysamhita)
Ramayana

19
Q

Which text tried to establish the ideals of Hinduism thru mythological stories

A

Puran
- 4 categories
1. Sarga - deals with creation of universe
2. Pratisarga - deals with destruction of universe
3. Manavantar - Story of 1st humans (manu and ela)
4. Vamsanucharit - History of ruling Indian dynasties

20
Q

Describe the social condition during early Vedic period w.r.t
1. Type of family
2. Women ? Condition ? peots (4)
3. Past time
4. Social division

A
  1. Patriarchal family
    Basic unit of family :: Headed by
    Graham :: Grahapati (eldest male member)
  2. Women -
    Monogamy prevalent
    Polygamy - among nobles and royals
    Women were treated equally like men . Respectable position
    –> could attend assembly or sabha
    –> opportunities for ritual and intellectual devt
    –> both had upper and lowe garments

Female poets :
1. Lopamudra
2. Ghosha
3. Apala
4. Vishwara
No child marraige
No sati practice
Women slaves

Priviledges -
Had political rights–> Could attend sabha samiti
Educational discourses –> participated in debates and discussions
Gandharva vivah allowed- Both male and female were allowed to choose spouses
Niyog vivah - Widow can remarrry younger brother of deceased husband.

  1. Past time :
    Racing - Chariot, Horse
    Music
    Dance
    Dicing
  2. Social Divison
    Not rigid
    3 professions
    Priestly class
    Warrior class
    Peasants and artisans
21
Q

Describe the social condition during early Vedic period w.r.t
1. Slavery
2. Food

A

Slavery :
Defeated people were made slaves
Das (Aryans) - better treatment
Dasyu (non aryans) - Heav discrimination
Dasyu hatya - mass killing mentioned in rigveda

Cattle and women slaves were given in the form of gifts
High rank of individual but not high social class.

FOOD :
Wheat, barley, curd, ghee
vegetables, fruits

22
Q

Describe the religious practices followed during the early vedic period
1. Gods
2. Female gods
3. Offerings
4. Temple/idol worship
5. Mode and objective of worship

A
  1. Nature was personifies in the form of gods
    1. Indra –> God of rain and storm
      Most important
      Also known - Breaker of forts : Purandhar
      Mentioned more than 250 times in rigveda
    2. Agni –>
      Intermediary god (god-people)
      Mentioned more than 200 times in rigveda
    3. Varun –> God of water
      Upholder of natural order
      Maintain cosmic balance
    4. Prithvi
    5. Vayu
    6. Mitra –> God of air [later known as marut]
    7. Surya
  2. Female gods :
    Aditi - Daughter of daytime
    Usha
    Savitri - Gayatri mantra is dedicated to her
    Vela
  3. NO temple or idol worship
  4. Mode of worship - prayers, chanting mantras
    objective - material gain . for brave son (suvihara)

NO concept of spiritualism

23
Q

Describe the economic life during early vedic period w.r.t?
1. Agriculture
2. Iron
3. Carpentry
4. Goldsmith
5. Trade
6. Taxation

A

Agriculture :
Imp crops - Wheat (yava)
Barley (Godhuli)

Iron
Used to clear forests
Bring more land under cultivation

Carpentry:
Chariots
Ploughs

Goldsmith :
Ornaments

Trade:
    Barter system
		 River used for means of transport 
		Gold coins - for exchange (Nishka)

No formal system of taxation
People voluntarily contributed in the form of barley and bhag to chieftain of community

24
Q

3 imp bodies during early vedic period ?

A

Sabha
Council of elders
Include women
Exclusive + most Decisive assembly

Samiti
Assembly of entire people
Did NOT include women

Vidhata
Men + women included
Religious and agriculture related decisions

25
Q

Describe the polity during early vedic period?

A
  1. Monarchial and hereditary
  2. kind was assisted by
    purohit and senani
  3. imp bodies
    sabha (most decisive) - men + women , council of elders
    samiti - women not included , all age assembly
    vidhata - men + women
  4. Constitution
    Unit :: Headed by
    Tribal kingdoms :: Rajan
    (highest political kingdom)
    |
    Visu (Group of villages ) :: Vishayapati
    |
    Village :: Gramin
    |
    Family :: Kulpati /Grahapati
  5. Dasrajan war
26
Q

Describe Dasrajan war

A

Bharat territory was ruled by Sudas
It was one of the strongest territories

Coveted position of head priest was given to
Vasishtha instead of Vishwamitra

Vishwamitra got humiliated and persuaded 5 aryans + 5 non aryan tribes called DARAJAN for war against sudas

Battle took places at Parushani b/w Dasrajan and Sudas
Sudas emerged victorius and all his ruled terriroty came to be known as BHARATVARSHA

WAR:: SUDAS ==== DARAJAN + VASHISTHA
{WON}

Ancient India / Art and Culture (1 decks)

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