veda

Question 1

Saramā

Answer 1

göttliche Hündin, Begleiterin Indras

Question 2

Purukutsa

Answer 2

The Rgveda mentions one Purukutsa who was saved by Indra. He was a sage.

Question 3

Sūrya

Answer 3

Surya (Sanskrit सूर्य sūrya „Sonne“) ist in den ältesten Schriften des Hinduismus, den Veden, die Personifizierung der Sonne, der Wärme und des Lichtes bzw. der Sonnengott

Question 4

Atharvan

Answer 4

a legendary Vedic sage (rishi) of Hinduism who along with Angiras is supposed to have authored (“heard”) the Atharvaveda. He is also said to have first instituted the fire-sacrifice or yagna. Sometimes he is also reckoned among the seven seers or Saptarishi. His clan is known as the Atharvanas. Atharvan married Shanti, daughter of Kardama rishi, and had a great sage Dadhichi as a son. He was referred to as a member of the Bhrigu clan.

Question 5

Ṛbhus

Answer 5

They are said to be the sons of Sudhanvan, a descendant of Angiras

Question 6

Sudās

Answer 6

Sudas is mentioned in Rigveda as the chief of Bharatas who conquered the ten-kings confederacy.[2] It is further mentioned that the king replaced Visvamitra with Vashistha as his priest, thereby creating a rivalry between the two. The ten-kings, viz. Puru, Yadu, Turvasa, Adu, Druhyu, Alina, Paktha, Bhalanas, Siva and Vishanin, then revolted against Sudas but were defeated by him. He also fought Ajas, Sigrus and Yakshus soon after.

Question 7

Amṛta

Answer 7

Amrita (Sanskrit: अमृत, IAST: amṛta), Amrit or Amata (also called Sudha, Amiy, Ami) is a word that literally means “immortality” and is often referred to in texts as nectar. “Amṛta” is etymologically related to the Greek ambrosia[1] and carries the same meaning.[2] Its first occurrence is in the Rigveda, where it is considered one of several synonyms for soma, the drink of the devas.

Question 8

Rākṣasas

Answer 8

Rakshasas were most often depicted as ugly, fierce-looking and enormous creatures, with two fangs protruding from the top of the mouth and having sharp, claw-like fingernails. They are shown as being mean, growling like beasts, and as insatiable cannibals that could smell the scent of human flesh. Some of the more ferocious ones were shown with flaming red eyes and hair, drinking blood with their palms or from a human skull (similar to representations of vampires in later Western mythology). Generally they could fly, vanish, and had Maya (magical powers of illusion), which enabled them to change size at will and assume the form of any creature. The female equivalent of rakshasa is rakshasi.

Question 10

Vala

Answer 10

Vala (valá-), meaning “enclosure” in Vedic Sanskrit, is a demon of the Rigveda and the Atharvaveda
Historically, it has the same origin as the Vrtra story, being derived from the same root, and from the same root also as Varuna, *val-/var- (PIE *wel-) “to cover, to enclose” (perhaps cognate to veil).

Parallel to Vrtra “the blocker”, a stone serpent slain by Indra to liberate the rivers, Vala is a stone cave, split by Indra

Question 11

Paṇi

Answer 11

The generally accepted view is that the Pani is a non-Arya tribe of tradesman who by nature were extremely miserly.

Question 12

Ahi

Answer 12

a snake

Question 13

Bṛsaya

Answer 13

Zauberer

Question 14

Brihaspati

Answer 14

Im Rigveda ist Brihaspati, der manchmal auch Brahmanaspati genannt wird, ein Begleiter des Donnergottes Indra. Mit Hilfe eines Zauberliedes befreit er die Kühe, die der Dämon Vala gefangen hält, und hilft Indra, diesen zu erschlagen. Er wird als leuchtender, goldfarbener Mann mit Donnerstimme beschrieben.

Question 15

Cyavāna

Answer 15

The name of a legendary Vedic ṛṣi, said to be a Bhārgava

Question 16

Dasyus

Answer 16

Enemies of the aryas

Question 16

Aśvins

Answer 16

The Ashvins or Ashwini Kumaras (Sanskrit: अश्विन्, aśvin-, dual aśvinau अश्विनौ), in Hindu mythology, are twin Vedic gods of medicine. They are also described as divine twin horsemen in the Rigveda.

Question 17

Dadhyac

Answer 17

The name of a Vedic ṛṣi, the son of Atharvan, and the subject of a number of myths, including one in which the Aśvins protect him from Indra’s wrath by giving him a horse’s head.

Question 18

Navagva

Answer 18

Navagva literally means ‘those who have completed it in nine months’.

One of the Saptarṣis or the Seven Sages is Aṅgiras. Among the descendants of Aṅgiras known as Āṅgirasas, those who performed a Sattrayāga[1] and attained what they wanted in nine months were called ‘Navagvas’ and those who got the results in ten months, were called ‘Daśagvas’.[2] Sometimes the Navagvas and the Daśagvas themselves are identified with the Saptarṣis. They are supposed to live in the pitṛloka[3] and accept the obsequial offerings.

References
1 Sattrayāga normally needs twelve months to complete.
2 Rgveda 1.62.4
3 Pitṛloka means the world of manes.

Question 20

Bhaga

Answer 20

einer der Adityas, ein Nachkomme der Göttin Aditi. Er gilt als Wohlstands- und Liebesstifter sowie als Gott der Heirat.

Im Rigveda erscheint Bhaga als „Verteiler“[1] oder „Austeiler“,[2] von dem Wohlstand, Glück und auch Macht erwartet werden, sein Name wird dabei sowohl als Eigen- als auch als Gattungsname gebraucht. Als seine Schwester wird an einer Stelle das Morgenrot genannt

Question 21

Mātariśvan

Answer 21

Matarishvan (Sanskrit मातरिश्वन् mātariśvan m.[1]) ist in der vedischen Mythologie der Bote des Vivasvat. Nach dem Rigveda raubte er das verborgene Feuer und brachte es vom Himmel dem Weisen Bhrigu. Manchmal wird er aber auch mit dem Feuergott Agni gleichgesetzt. Später konnte er auch als Wind betrachtet werden.

Question 24

Viśvedevas

Answer 24

Viśvedevas are the Vedic gods. Literally the word means ‘all the gods’

Question 25

Ṛjrāśva

Answer 25

“having quick horses”, Name of a man

Rjrāśva appears in the Rigveda as one of the Vārsāgiras,

Question 26

Vasus

Answer 26

In Hinduism, the Vasus are attendant deities of Indra, and later Vishnu.

Question 27

JĀTAVEDAS

Answer 27

representing Agni as the altar fire

Question 28

Rauhiṇa

Answer 28

a demon slain by Indra

Question 30

Ṛṣis

Answer 30

The ṛṣis are the poets of the hymns of the Ṛgveda (see Vedas)

Question 31

Daśagvas

Answer 31

One of the Saptarṣis or the Seven Sages is Aṅgiras. Among the descendants of Aṅgiras known as Āṅgirasas, those who performed a Sattrayāga[1] and attained what they wanted in nine months were called ‘Navagvas’ and those who got the results in ten months, were called ‘Daśagvas’.[2] Sometimes the Navagvas and the Daśagvas themselves are identified with the Saptarṣis. T

Question 32

Rudra

Answer 32

Rudra ist im Rigveda der Gott der Stürme, des Windes, des Regens, des Todes, der Zerstörung. Durch die Kuh Prishni („die Bunte“) ist er zudem der Vater und Herrscher der untergeordneten Rudras bzw. Maruts, die als seine Teilerscheinungen und Doppelgänger gelten und zu den ständigen Begleitern Indras werden.

Question 32

Mitra

Answer 32

In the Rigveda, the oldest of the Vedic texts, Mitra is mostly indistinguishable from Varuna, together with whom Mitra forms a dvandva pair Mitra-Varuna,[note 1] and in which Mitra-Varuna has essentially the same characteristics as Varuna alone.[1][5][6] Varuna is not only the greater of the two, but also — according to RV 2.12 — the second-greatest of the RigVedic gods after Indra.[1]:134 Rigvedic hymns to Mitra-Varuna include RV 1.136, 137, 151-153, RV 5.62-72, RV 6.67, RV 7.60-66, RV 8.25 and RV 10.132. Mitra is addressed independently in one hymn only RV 3.59,[1] where he has hardly any traits that distinguish him from Varuna,[1] and owing to the scantiness of the information supplied in that hymn his separate character appears somewhat indefinite

Question 33

Ādityas

Answer 33

Die Adityas (Sanskrit आदित्य Āditya, wörtlich: zu Aditi gehörend[1]) sind eine Gruppe von Gottheiten der indischen Mythologie
Die Veden nennen gewöhnlich Varuna als Anführer der Adityas, weshalb er auch selbst der Aditya genannt wird. Der Rigveda zählt die sechs Adyitas Mitra, Aryaman, Bhaga, Varuna, Daksha und Amsa auf,[5] für gewöhnlich erscheinen sie jedoch als sieben Adityas ohne Namensnennung. An eine Stelle kommt zu den sieben der göttliche Vorfahre der Menschen, Martanda, als achter Aditya hinzu, der als Sohn der Aditi nicht zu den Göttern ging, sondern sich fortpflanzen sollte und damit sterblich wurde.

Question 34

Vaiśvānara

Answer 34

(Skt., ‘relating to all people’).

An epithet of Agni (fire). Agni Vaiśvānara is regarded as the author of Ṛg Veda 10. 79 and 80. He represents the fire of digestion.

Question 35

Savitaṛ

Answer 35

Savitaṛ (Sanskrit: stem savitṛ-, nominative singular savitā) is a cosmic allegory for Quasar in the Rigveda, and is an Adityas i.e. off-spring of the Vedic primeval mother goddess Aditi. His name in Vedic Sanskrit connotes “impeller, rouser, vivifier.”

He is sometimes associated with – and at other times distinguished from – Surya, “the Sun”. When considered distinct from the Sun proper, he is conceived of as the divine influence or vivifying power of the Sun. The Sun before sunrise is called Savitr, and after sunrise until sunset it is called Sūrya.[1] Savitr is celebrated in eleven whole hymns of the Rig Veda and in parts of many others, his name being mentioned about 170 times in aggregate.

Question 36

Bhujyu

Answer 36

Son of Tugra

Rigveda alludes a story of Bhujyu who happened to be a son of king Tugra. The king got to know about some enemies planning to attack his kingdom so he sent Bhujyu along with his few confederates on a ship/boat to neutralize the attack.

As they traveled, it turned out that the confederates were moles and they drowned/abandoned Bhujyu in the middle of sea/river. Bhujyu did not learn how to swim so he prayed to Ashvins and he was rescued by the later but he drowned so deep in the sea that Ashvins had to swim for 3 days.

Question 37

Tvaṣṭar

Answer 37

great devotee and lord of all beings and chief among gods

Question 38

Pūru

Answer 38

The Purus were a clan, or a confederation of clans, mentioned many times in the Rigveda. RV 7.96.2 locates them at the banks of the Sarasvati River. There were several factions of Purus, one being the Bharatas.[citation needed] Purus rallied many other groups against King Sudas of the Bharata, but were defeated in the Battle of the Ten Kings (RV 7.18, etc.,).

Question 38

hotar

Answer 38

a class of priests, whose main function was to invoke the gods. also called hotri

Question 38

Tārkṣya

Answer 38

Tārkṣya is the name of a mythical being in the Rigveda, described as a horse with the epithet áriṣṭa-nemi “with intact wheel-rims” (RV 1.89.6, RV 10.178.1), but alternatively taken to be a bird (RV 5.51)

Question 40

Śakra

Answer 40

Shakra ist eine weniger kriegerisch ausgestaltete Adaption des Gottes Indra
Sakra, also called Shakra, is one of the 12 sons of Aditi who, according to the Vedas, is the mother of the gods. Sakra is a Sanskrit term which means “powerful” or “vigorous.” Used as an epithet of Indra, one of the Hindu gods, Sakra is referred to in several Vedic texts. Sakra is worshiped by Hindus, Buddhists and Jains

Question 41

Aṅgirases

Answer 41

Aṅgiras : m. (pl.): The descendents of the sage Aṅgiras; the family was also known as Āṅgirasa; often mentioned along with Bhṛgus.

Question 42

Pūṣan

Answer 42

The Sun

Question 42

Ṛjiśvan

Answer 42

Name of a king protected by Indra; Rv. 5.29.11

Question 43

Śuṣṇa

Answer 43

Hisser”, Name of a demon slain by indra- (according to to some a drought demon;

Question 43

Aditi

Answer 43

Aditi (Sanskrit, f., अदिति, aditi, „ungebunden“, „unbegrenzt“, „unendlich“, „frei“) ist eine Mutter- und Himmelsgöttin der hinduistischen Mythologie,[1] die bereits in den Veden besungen wird.

Aditi ist die Mutter der Adityas, mit denen sie im Rigveda ausschließlich gemeinsam angerufen wird.

Question 44

Maruts

Answer 44

Die Maruts (Sanskrit मरुत् marut m.Sg.) oder Marutas, auch Rudras genannt, sind vedische untergeordnete Gottheiten der Stürme, des Windes und des Regens.

Question 45

Śambara

Answer 45

A son of Danu, and a follower of Vṛtra in his battle with Indra.

Question 46

Viśpalā

Answer 46

Viśpalā is, according to the tradition in the Rigveda,[१] the name of a woman to whom the Aśvins gave an iron (āyasī) limb to replace one lost by her in a contest. Pischel[२] considers that a racing horse miraculously cured of a broken limb by the Aśvins is meant, but this is no more than an improbable conjecture.

Question 47

Maghavan

Answer 47

Maghavan , Sanskrit मघवन् maghavan, gabenreich, freigebig. Spender, Opferherr; Beiname von Indra und anderer Götter. Maghavan ist ein Sanskritwort und bedeutet gabenreich, freigebig. Spender, Opferherr; Beiname von Indra und anderer Götter.

Question 48

Bhaga

Answer 48

Bhaga (Sanskrit भग Bhaga m., Geber) ist in der vedischen Mythologie einer der Adityas, ein Nachkomme der Göttin Aditi. Er gilt als Wohlstands- und Liebesstifter sowie als Gott der Heirat.

Question 49

Aryaman

Answer 49

Aryaman (Sanskrit अर्यमन् Aryaman, Gefährte, der Fremde, der Gastliche, Gastvertrag)[1] ist in der hinduistischen Mythologie einer der Adityas, ein Nachkomme der Göttin Aditi. Er wird als vergöttlichte Personifikation der Gastlichkeit gegenüber Göttern und Menschen gedeutet.