Vectors of Disease Flashcards
What disease on the WHO TDR are transmitted by insects?
African Trypanosomiasis Chagas' Disease Dengue Fever Filariasis Leishmaniasis Malaria Onchocerciasis
What are some generalizations about mosquitoes?
Only Females bite
Females have slim antennae
Males have bushy, thick antennae
What types of mosquitoes transmit disease to human?
Anopheles- wing spots,long palp,short siphon, bites at an angle
Culex- short palp, long siphon,bites parallel to skin
Aedes-medium siphon, single eggs
Mansonia-dark wings, vector of filiariasis
What is McDonald’s formula?
v= ma2bpN/-eNCP
What are the forms of insect control?
Arial Spraying Trapping Adults- used for Tsetste flies Biological Control Zooprophylaxis-bathing domestic animals with insecticide reduces Malaria by 90% Releasing Sterile Males Transgenic Mosquitoes Draining Swamps Bacillus Thuringenis Use of repellants such as DEET, Picardin, Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus, ITN, Insectice treated clothes.
What are the life forms of ticks?
Eggs, larvae and nymphs.
What diseases are transmitted by ticks?
RMSF Lyme disease Babesiosis Anaplasmosis Ehrlichiosis
Where are ticks found?
At ground level, tips of grass and shrubs.
How long do ticks need to remain attached to transmit disease?
Anaplasmosis-12-24 hrs.
Lyme Disease- 24-48 hrs.
What are sx of Lyme Disease?
HA, fever, chills, myalgiae
Rash occurs in 85%
Days to weeks- Facial Paralysis, stiff neck, cardiac ectopy, extremity pain and numbness
Weeks to Months- Fatigue and arthritis
How is Lyme Disease diagnosed?
Screen with Western Blot, Culture and PCR are definitive
How is Anaplasmosis transmitted?
tick bites and transfusion.
What are sx of Anaplasmosis?
HA, Myalgiae, HA, chills, low wbcs and platelets, elevated AST and ALT
What are the complications of Anaplasmosis?
Septic Shock, Toxic Shock,Respiratory and Renal Failure
How is Anaplasmosis diagnosed?
IFA, smear looking for Morulae, PCR
How is Babesiosis transmitted?
tick bite and transfusion.
What are the sx of Babesiosis?
Fever, HA, Myalgia, Anemia, low platelets fatigue
What are the complications of Babesiosis?
Respiratory, Cardiac and Renal failure. Coinfection.
What are some facts about Powassan Virus infection?
Rapid onset post deer tick bite. It is a flavivirus.
What causes Ehrlichosis?
E. Chaf transmitted by the lonestar tick.
How can you prevent tick bites?
Walk in center of trail, 30% DEET from knees down, wear light colored, long clothing.
How many legs do bedbugs have? What diseases do they transmit?
They have 6 legs. They suck blood but do not transmit any microbes.
How many legs do lice have? what diseases do they transmit?
They have 6 legs. They transmit Typhus, Trench Fever, Relapsing Fever and Bacillary Angiomatosis.
How many legs do Mites have? What diseases do they transmit?
They have 8 legs. They transmit Scrub Typhus and Rickettsial Pox.
What diseases do Fleas transmit?
Plague Murine Typhus Tungiaisis Rat tapeworm Dipyllidium Caninum
What diseases do Ticks transmit?
RMSF Borreliosis Babesiosis Ehrlichiosis Anaplasmosis Lyme Disease African Tick Bite fever Tick Borne Encephalitis
What disease does Glossina(Tse tse)flies transmit?
African Trypanosomiaisis
What disease does Simulium(Blackflies) transmit?
River Blindness
What diseases does Chrysops transmit?
Tularemia, Loaloa
What disease does Phlebotmus/Lutzomya transmit?
Bartonellosis, Oroya fever, Carrion’s Disease, Sandfly fever, Rift Valley Fever
What disease does the reduvit Bug transmit?
Chagas’ Disease
What disease is transmitted by the Anopheles Mosquito?
Malaria
What disease is transmitted by the Aedes, esp. Albopictus, Mosquito?
Yellow Fever
Dengue Fever
What disease is transmitted by the Culex mosquito?
West Nile Virus
Japanese Encephalitis
What is the duration of 30% DEET? What is Ultrathon?
4 to 6 hours. Ultrathon is a long acting DEET which works against S. Mansoni.
What is the duration of 20% Picardin?
6 to 8 hours. There is no smell.
What are some things to know about .5% Permethrin?
It binds to fabric and dergades with UV light.mix by adding 5 parts of water to 1 part of permethrin. It is effective against mites.
