Vectors

Question 1

What is a host factor

Answer 1

It is based on age nutrition health knowledge race and genetics

susceptibility biological behavioral and social determinants of health

Question 2

Vector

Answer 2

Animate (live) object that carries agent to the susceptible host

Question 3

Agent

Answer 3

Any element of force capable of causing disease, injury, or disability
Biologic – bacteria
Physical - heat or trauma
Chemical
Nutritional
Psychosocial

Question 4

Environmental Factors

Answer 4

Context in which host and agent interact

Combo of physical, biological & social factors that surround & influence both agent and host

Question 5

Components of the epidemiologic triangle

Answer 5

Agent
Environmental factors
Host factors
Vector

Question 6

West Nile Virus (Causative agent)

Answer 6

Causative agent: West Nile Virus
Vector: Mosquito
Chain of Transmission: Indirect (human or horse dead end host)

Question 7

Malaria

Answer 7

Causative agent: plasmodium faliparum
Vector: Female only Mosquito
Chain of Transmission: Indirect - no vaccine due to complexity

Question 8

Lyme Disease

Answer 8

Causative agent: Borrelia burgdoferi (bacteria)
Vector: Tick
Chain of Transmission: Deer to tick, attach to 2nd host, become adults. Attach to humans

Question 9

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer 9

Causative agent: Rickettsia rickets is (bacteria)
Vector: Tick
Chain of Transmission: Eggs, then 1st and 2nd host, then human but can occur earlier

Question 10

Rabies

Answer 10

Causative agent: Mononegavirales ( - Strand DNA)
Vector: Zoonosas (raccoon, skunk, Fox, mongoose, cats, dogs, bats
Chain of Transmission: virus laden saliva - dog bit by rabid animal, incubation period - bites human - affects CNS

Question 11

Geo Distribution: West Nile Virus

Answer 11

Throughout US EXCEPT for Maine

Question 12

Geo Distribution: Malaria

Answer 12

Tropical and subtropical areas, fringes of S> American Forests, Thailand, Indonesia, throughout sub-saharan Africa

Question 13

Geo Distribution: Lyme Disease

Answer 13

Massachusetts and Maryland, upper midwest, some areas of CA and OR

Question 14

Geo Distribution: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer 14

Southeast: 5 states - NC, OK, AK, TN, MO

Question 15

Geo Distribution: Rabies

Answer 15

(Primary is Racoon): southeast, Skunk: mid north/Midwest, west, Fox: southwest, Mongoose: Hawaii

Question 16

Clinical Manifestations: West Nile Virus

Answer 16

70-80% no symptoms,

Question 17

Clinical Manifestations: Malaria

Answer 17

Major cause of ill health (90% of death in sub-Saharan Africa), universal susceptibility, protective trait is sickle cell. At risk: pregnant, young, travelers, poor
* Fever, chills, hepatic failure, jaundice, acute encephalopathy, cerebral edema, coma, death

Question 18

Clinical Manifestations: Lyme Disease

Answer 18

Early localized erythema migrant skin lesion that looks like a “bulls eye” later becomes malaise, fever, stiff neck, ataxia - progresses to pain, swelling, large joint chronic arthritis

Question 19

Clinical Manifestations: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Answer 19

Fever, spotted rash 2-5 days later, headache, NV, Abd. pain, lack of appetite, red eyes - can be treated w/antibiotics if caught early

Question 20

Clinical Manifestations: Rabies

Answer 20

30-60 day incubation, considered 100% fatal if not treated