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APEX > Vectors > Flashcards

Vectors Flashcards

1
Q

mean electrical vector

A

the average current flow of all the action potentials at a given point in time

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2
Q

when does a positive deflection occur?

A

when the vector of depolarization travels towards the positive electrode

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3
Q

when does a negative deflection occur?

A

when the vector of depolarization travels away from the positive electrode

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4
Q

when does a biphasic deflection occur?

A

when the vector of depolarization travels perpendicular to the positive electrode

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5
Q

the heart depolarizes from the __ to __

A

base to the apex and the endocardium to the epicardium

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6
Q

what is the polarity during depolarization?

A

the myocytes go from internally negative to internally positive
This produces a positive electrical current

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7
Q

Vector of Repolarization =

A

the T wave

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8
Q

Vector of Depolarization =

A

the QRS complex

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9
Q

the heart repolarizes from the ___ to __

A

the apex to the base and the epicardium to the endocardium

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10
Q

what is the polarity during repolarization?

A

the myocytes go from internally positive to internally negative
This produces a negative current

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11
Q

Bipolar leads =

A

I, II, and III

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12
Q

Limb leads =

A

aVR, aVL, and aVF

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13
Q

Precordial leads =

A

V1-6

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14
Q

Lead I monitors which region of the heart?

A

Lateral
Circumflex artery

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15
Q

Lead II monitors which region of the heart?

A

Inferior
Right Coronary Artery

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16
Q

Lead III monitors which region of the heart?

A

Inferior
Right Coronary Artery

17
Q

aVL lead monitors which region of the heart?

A

Lateral
Circumflex

18
Q

aVF lead monitors which region of the heart?

A

Inferior
Right Coronary Artery

19
Q

V1 lead monitors which region of the heart?

A

Septum
Left Anterior Descending Artery

20
Q

V2 lead monitors which region of the heart?

A

Septum
LAD artery

21
Q

V3 lead monitors which region of the heart?

A

Anterior
LAD

22
Q

V4 lead monitors which region of the heart?

A

Anterior
LAD

23
Q

V5 lead monitors which region of the heart?

A

Lateral
Circumflex artery

24
Q

V6 lead monitors which region of the heart?

A

Lateral
Circumflex artery

25
Q

The axis represents __

A

the direction of the mean electrical vector in the frontal plane

26
Q

If lead I and aVF point up, _____

A

then the axis is normal (two thumbs up)

27
Q

If the leads are reaching towards each other, ____

A

then we have right axis deviation

(I points down and aVF points up)

28
Q

If the leads are leaving each other, ____

A

then we have left axis deviation

(I points up and aVF points down)

29
Q

If both leads point down, ___

A

then we have extreme right axis deviation

(two thumbs down)

30
Q

What is normal axis deviation?

A

-30 and +90 degrees

31
Q

What is left axis deviation?

A

more than -30 degrees

32
Q

What is right axis deviation?

A

more than positive 90 degrees

33
Q

The axis can shift as a consequence of _____

A

hypertrophy, conduction block, or a physical change in the position of the heart

34
Q

The mean electrical vector tends to point towards ___

A

areas of hypertrophy (there is more tissue undergoing depolarization)

35
Q

The mean electrical vector tends to point away from ____

A

areas of myocardial infarction (the vector has to move around these areas)

36
Q

Causes of right axis deviation

A

COPD
Acute bronchospasm
Cor pulmonale
pulmonary hypertension
pulmonary embolus

37
Q

Causes of left axis deviation

A

Chronic hypertension
LBBB
Aortic stenosis
Aortic insufficiency
Mitral regurgitation

APEX (2 decks)

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