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BIO > Vector Bio Quiz > Flashcards

Vector Bio Quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a vector?

A

An organism or vehicle that transmits the causative agent or disease-causing organism from the reservoir to the host

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2
Q

Ectoparasites

A

Ticks, mites, lice

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3
Q

Endoparasites

A

Chigger flea (females embedded in skin) & myiasis (insects invade tissue of the host)

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4
Q

What are arboviruses?

A

Arthropod-borne viruses

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5
Q

Biological transmission

A

Pathogens undergo development or reproduction in the arthropod host

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6
Q

Mechanical transmission

A

Pathogens transmitted by arthropods via contaminated mouthparts or regurgitation infectious blood meal

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7
Q

Who invented the microscope?

A

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

Theobald Smith and F.L. Kilbourne

A

First demonstrated vertical transmission from mother to offspring via the egg

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9
Q

David Bruce

A

Discovered trypanosome parasites present in blood of cattle caused nagana

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10
Q

Charles Laveran

A

First to observe malaria parasites in the blood

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11
Q

Sir Ronald Ross

A

Discovered developing malaria parasites in the mosquito

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12
Q

Sir Patrick Manson

A

Demonstrated that the human malarial parasite is transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes

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13
Q

Arthropods differ from other invertebrates by having the following characteristics:

A
  1. Bilateral symmetry
  2. An exoskeleton w/ chitin
  3. Externally segmented bodies and embryonically one pair of appendages per segment
  4. Appendages modified for feeding
  5. No cilia
  6. A ventral nerve cord & dorsal brain
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14
Q

Subphylum: Mandibulata

List classes

A

Class Insecta
Class Crustacea
Class Diplopoda
Class Chilopoda

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15
Q

Subphylum: Chelicerata

List classes

A

Class Xiphosura

Class Arachnida

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16
Q

Arthropods’ body plan

A

TAGMA: Head, Thorax, Abdomen

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17
Q

Insect characteristics

A
  1. Three-body segments
  2. One pair antennae
  3. Three pairs of legs
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18
Q

What are the functions of the exoskeleton?

A

Protection “coat of armor”
Retention of water (terrestrial insects)
Attachment point for muscles
Sensory hairs or organs

19
Q

What are the four parts of an insects’ head?

A

Labrum
Mandibles
Maxillae
Labium

20
Q

Prognathous

A

Directed forward when at rest

21
Q

Hypognathus

A

Directed downward

22
Q

Opisgnathus

A

Directed posteriorly

23
Q

Selenophages

A

Use specialized piercing and sucking mouthparts to penetrate capillaries and feed directly on host

24
Q

Temophages

A

Specialized mouthparts to cut host skin and lap up blood

25
Q

What are the three thoracic segments?

A

Prothorax
Mesothorax
Metathorax

26
Q

What are the five leg segments?

A 
Coxa
Trochanter
Femur
Tibia
Tarsus
27
Q

What does the transmission cycle consist of?

A

Parasite
Vertebrate host(s)
Arthropod host/vector

28
Q

Whare are the components of transmission cycles?

A 
Host immunity
Vertebrate host
Accessibility
Susceptibility
Transmissibility
29
Q

Vertebrate host

A

One or more primary vertebrates are essential for the maintenance of parasite transmission

30
Q

What are amplifying hosts?

A

Increase the number of parasites

31
Q

What are reservoir hosts?

A

Support parasite development and stay infected for long periods of time

32
Q

What is a vector?

A

“carrier” of a parasite from one host to another

33
Q

Define anthropophagic

A

Feed selectively on humans

34
Q

Define zoophagic

A

Feed primarily on vertebrates other than humans

35
Q

True or False

A

Vector must be susceptible to infection and survive long enough for parasite to complete life cycle

36
Q

Dead end host

A

Ex: malaria parasite. Some Anopheles species divert host from humans to cattle, therefore making those species less effective vectors

37
Q

What is vertical transmission?

A

Passage of parasites directly to subsequent life stages or generations (Eggs>Larvae>Adult)

38
Q

What is horizontal transmission?

A

The passage between vector and vertebrate hosts

39
Q

What is transstadial transmission? VT

A

Passage of parasite during one life stage to the next stage (common in mites and hard ticks)

40
Q

What is transgenerational/transovarial transmission? VT

A

The vertical passage of parasites by an infected parent to its offspring

41
Q

What is venereal transmission? VT

A

The passage of parasites between male and female vectors during mating

42
Q

What is anterior-station transmission? HT

A

Transmission occurs when parasites are liberated from the mouthparts or salivary glands during blood-feeding

43
Q

What is posterior-station transmission? HT

A

Occurs when parasites remain within the gut and are transmitted via contaminated feces

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