Vector Bio Quiz

Question 1

What is a vector?

Answer 1

An organism or vehicle that transmits the causative agent or disease-causing organism from the reservoir to the host

Question 2

Ectoparasites

Answer 2

Ticks, mites, lice

Question 3

Endoparasites

Answer 3

Chigger flea (females embedded in skin) & myiasis (insects invade tissue of the host)

Question 4

What are arboviruses?

Answer 4

Arthropod-borne viruses

Question 5

Biological transmission

Answer 5

Pathogens undergo development or reproduction in the arthropod host

Question 6

Mechanical transmission

Answer 6

Pathogens transmitted by arthropods via contaminated mouthparts or regurgitation infectious blood meal

Question 7

Who invented the microscope?

Answer 7

Antony Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 8

Theobald Smith and F.L. Kilbourne

Answer 8

First demonstrated vertical transmission from mother to offspring via the egg

Question 9

David Bruce

Answer 9

Discovered trypanosome parasites present in blood of cattle caused nagana

Question 10

Charles Laveran

Answer 10

First to observe malaria parasites in the blood

Question 11

Sir Ronald Ross

Answer 11

Discovered developing malaria parasites in the mosquito

Question 12

Sir Patrick Manson

Answer 12

Demonstrated that the human malarial parasite is transmitted by anopheline mosquitoes

Question 13

Arthropods differ from other invertebrates by having the following characteristics:

Answer 13

1. Bilateral symmetry
2. An exoskeleton w/ chitin
3. Externally segmented bodies and embryonically one pair of appendages per segment
4. Appendages modified for feeding
5. No cilia
6. A ventral nerve cord & dorsal brain

Question 14

Subphylum: Mandibulata

List classes

Answer 14

Class Insecta
Class Crustacea
Class Diplopoda
Class Chilopoda

Question 15

Subphylum: Chelicerata

List classes

Answer 15

Class Xiphosura

Class Arachnida

Question 16

Arthropods’ body plan

Answer 16

TAGMA: Head, Thorax, Abdomen

Question 17

Insect characteristics

Answer 17

1. Three-body segments
2. One pair antennae
3. Three pairs of legs

Question 18

What are the functions of the exoskeleton?

Answer 18

Protection “coat of armor”
Retention of water (terrestrial insects)
Attachment point for muscles
Sensory hairs or organs

Question 19

What are the four parts of an insects’ head?

Answer 19

Labrum
Mandibles
Maxillae
Labium

Question 20

Prognathous

Answer 20

Directed forward when at rest

Question 21

Hypognathus

Answer 21

Directed downward

Question 22

Opisgnathus

Answer 22

Directed posteriorly

Question 23

Selenophages

Answer 23

Use specialized piercing and sucking mouthparts to penetrate capillaries and feed directly on host

Question 24

Temophages

Answer 24

Specialized mouthparts to cut host skin and lap up blood

Question 25

What are the three thoracic segments?

Answer 25

Prothorax Mesothorax Metathorax

Question 26

What are the five leg segments?

Answer 26

``` Coxa Trochanter Femur Tibia Tarsus ```

Question 27

What does the transmission cycle consist of?

Answer 27

Parasite Vertebrate host(s) Arthropod host/vector

Question 28

Whare are the components of transmission cycles?

Answer 28

``` Host immunity Vertebrate host Accessibility Susceptibility Transmissibility ```

Question 29

Vertebrate host

Answer 29

One or more primary vertebrates are essential for the maintenance of parasite transmission

Question 30

What are amplifying hosts?

Answer 30

Increase the number of parasites

Question 31

What are reservoir hosts?

Answer 31

Support parasite development and stay infected for long periods of time

Question 32

What is a vector?

Answer 32

"carrier" of a parasite from one host to another

Question 33

Define anthropophagic

Answer 33

Feed selectively on humans

Question 34

Define zoophagic

Answer 34

Feed primarily on vertebrates other than humans

Question 35

True or False

Answer 35

Vector must be susceptible to infection and survive long enough for parasite to complete life cycle

Question 36

Dead end host

Answer 36

Ex: malaria parasite. Some Anopheles species divert host from humans to cattle, therefore making those species less effective vectors

Question 37

What is vertical transmission?

Answer 37

Passage of parasites directly to subsequent life stages or generations (Eggs>Larvae>Adult)

Question 38

What is horizontal transmission?

Answer 38

The passage between vector and vertebrate hosts

Question 39

What is transstadial transmission? VT

Answer 39

Passage of parasite during one life stage to the next stage (common in mites and hard ticks)

Question 40

What is transgenerational/transovarial transmission? VT

Answer 40

The vertical passage of parasites by an infected parent to its offspring

Question 41

What is venereal transmission? VT

Answer 41

The passage of parasites between male and female vectors during mating

Question 42

What is anterior-station transmission? HT

Answer 42

Transmission occurs when parasites are liberated from the mouthparts or salivary glands during blood-feeding

Question 43

What is posterior-station transmission? HT

Answer 43

Occurs when parasites remain within the gut and are transmitted via contaminated feces