VCE Unit 2 CH 9-15 exam revision Flashcards
Adaptation
Features that help an organism survive in a habitat
Structural adaptation
Relates to how an organism is formed
Physiological adaptation
An internal response to an organism’s environment.
Afferent neuron
Sensory neuron that takes information to CNS
Efferent neuron
Motor neuron that conveys information from CNS to body.
Neurotransmitter
A substance released from an axon terminal through a synaptic cleft to excite or inhibit a target cell.
Phytohormone
Chemicals that regulate plant growth
Function of Auxin
A phytohormone that stimulates cell elongation
Function of Cytokinins
A phytohormone that stimulates cell division and germination
Ethylene
A phytohormone that stimulates ripening, cellular respiration, and removing fruit form stems (ripening).
Absiscic acid
A phytohormone that stimulates stomatal closure during periods of water stress, and maintains dormancy.
Gibberellins
A phytohormone that stimulates bud development and shoot elongation; can raise flower heads.
Behavioural adaptaion
An action occurring in response to the environment.
Phototropism
A plant moving in response to light
Geotropism
A plant moving (or germinating) in response to gravity
Heliotropism
A plant moving in response to THE DIRECTION OF sunlight
Hydrotropism
A plant moving in response to water
Thigmotropism
A plant moving in response to touch
Chemotropism
A plant moving in response to chemicals
Photoperiodism
The plants’ response to particular lengths of day and night.
Homeostasis
The maintenance of internal conditions within a narrow range.
Conditioning - general
A learned behavior where an animal responds to a stimulus that doesn’t normally elicit a response.
2 types of conditioning
Classical: reward follows stimulus
Operant :Trial-and-error where reward follows response.
Habituation
When an animal learns to ignore meaningless or nonthreatening stimuli.
Insight learning
When an animal uses past experiences to solve new problems; most highly developed in humans.
Imprinting
The formation of a close emotional bond after birth to the closest object within a size range.
Decomposers
Organisms that break down dead or decaying organic matter before consuming/ingesting the nutrients.
Detritivores
Organisms that consume dead or decaying organic matter before breaking it down.
Autotrophs
Producers; organisms that produce own energy from sunlight.
Heterotrophs
Consumers; organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
Persistent chemicals
Chemicals that do not break down easily and remain in the environment a long time after use.
Bioaccumulation
The progressively increasing concentration of a chemical as it moves through trophic levels.
Competition and types
When organisms strive to obtain scarce resources. Intra refers to between members of same species, interspecific refers to between members of different species.
Mutualism
Symbiotic relationship where one both organisms benefit. eg clownfish and anemone
Parasitism
Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed. eg ticks and dogs
Commensalism
Symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected. eg whale and barnacles
Niche
An organism’s place in its environment, including where it sleeps, where it feeds, what it feeds on, etc.
Balanced cellular respiration equation
C6H12O6+ 6O2 –> 6CO2+ 6H2O
Balanced photosynthesis equation
6CO2+ 6H2O –> C6H12O6+ 6O2
