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Block 8 - Cardiopulmonary & Repro > VBS 2 Tox > Flashcards

VBS 2 Tox Flashcards

1
Q
A

Milkweed
Asclepias spp.

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2
Q
A

Lily of the Valley
Convallaria majalis

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3
Q
A

Digitalis purpurea
Foxglove

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4
Q
A

Nerium oleander
Oleander

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5
Q
A

Oleander

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6
Q
A

Oleander

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7
Q
A

Rhododendron (azalea)

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8
Q
A

Rhododendron (pieris)

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9
Q
A

Rhododendron (mountain laurel)

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10
Q
A

Taxus spp.
Yew

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11
Q
A

Zygadenus veneosus
Death Camas

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12
Q
A

Bufo toad
Cane toad lol

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13
Q

Factors that contribute to heart’s susceptibility to injury by toxins?

A
  • level of energy and nutrients needed for normal function
  • level of exposure to toxicants
  • relatively limited protective metabolic systems
  • limited ability to handle structural loss
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14
Q

Mechanisms of Toxicoses in the Heart

A
  • Alteration in conduction
  • Alteration in contractile ability
  • Alteration in metabolism
  • Alteration in ultrastructure
  • indirect mechanisms
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15
Q

Cardiac glycoside MOA

A
  • INHIBIT Na/K ATPase
  • increases force of contraction
    ——>
  • decreased intracellular K+ and increased serum K+
  • decreases resting membrane potential
  • results in cardiac arrythmias
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16
Q

Cardiac Glycosides

A
  • Foxglove
  • Lily of the Valley
  • Oleander
  • Burning Brush
  • Star of Bethlehem
  • Milkweed
  • Dogbane
  • Pheasant’s Eye
17
Q

Grayanotoxin MOA

A
18
Q

Grayanotoxins

A

Rhododendrons
- azalea
- mountain laurel
- dog laurel
- mountain pieris
- maleberry
- mock azalea
- Labrador tea

19
Q

Ionophore MOA

A

*in simple-stomach species
- creating artificial Na channels in the sarcolemma
- increasing Na influx
- increases force of contraction

20
Q

Nitrate Toxicity MOA

A
21
Q

Cyanide Toxicity MOA

A
22
Q

Alkaloid Toxicity MOA

A
23
Q

Therapeutic Index

A
  • range of doses at which a medication is effective without unacceptable adverse events
  • ratio of median lethal dose to median effective dose
  • therapeutic index of 1= lethal dose and effective dose are the same (very bad)
    ***high therapeutic index means the drug is very safe
24
Q

Volume of Distribution

A
  • represents an individual drug’s propensity to remain in the plasma or redistribute to other tissue compartment

Vd= amt of drug in the body/plasma conc. of drug
***higher the Vd the greater the degree of drug distribution into the tissues

Block 8 - Cardiopulmonary & Repro (3 decks)

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