VB Final

Question 1

What is Kinesic?

Answer 1

communication varies according to culture and even among microcultures

Question 2

Kinesic includes

Answer 2

body language, rate of walk, eye behavior and facial expression

Question 3

Mehrabian’s Functional Approach to Kinesics

Answer 3

Pleasure-displeasure (liking-disliking)

Dominance-submissive (high status-low status)

Arousal-nonarousal (intense-relaxed)

Question 4

5 categories of body movement

Answer 4

enablers, illustrators, regulators, adaptors, affect displays

Question 5

5 caterogies of action

Answer 5

inborn, discovered, Absorbed
, mixed, andtrained

Question 6

Persuasion

Answer 6

When people seek to persuade, they use more:
eye contact
head nods
gesturing
facial expressions

Question 7

Dominance

Answer 7

A common threat signal used by mammals (including humans) is staring

Question 8

Eye Contact/Gaze

Answer 8

Researchers found that an increased amount of eye contact in a live public speaking situation often enhances a listener’s perception of a speaker’s credibility

Question 9

Prolonged eye contact is associated with perceptions of:

Answer 9

Attentiveness
Competence
Dominance
Good social skills
Good mental health

Question 10

Pupil Size

Answer 10

the size relates to physical attraction
The size of a person’s pupils indicates interest; the more interest, the more the pupils dilate

People’s eyes are more dilated when lying than when telling the truth

Question 12

Deception

Answer 12

Defined as an attempt on the part of the sender to cover up true information or the affect that they feel at the moment.

Research suggests that deception occurs more frequently during computer-mediated communication

Question 13

Type of lie

Answer 13

Prepared lies – person knows they will be asked about something and they prepare a lie in advance
Spontaneous lies – person is asked a surprise question and has to come up with a lie on the spot
Liars who were prepared to do so were better able to overcome stereotypical nonverbal indicators of deception

Question 14

Detecting Deception

Answer 14

Disagreement about whether training can improve a person’s ability to detect deception
Researchers believe deception training is more useful for detecting spontaneous lies

Question 15

Vocalics

Answer 15

Vocalics refers to how we say words and includes accent, emphasis, vocal quality, pitch, rate, pause (as well as silence), or anything else that adds meaning to verbal communication

Vocalics also includes screams, laughs, gasps and sighs

Question 16

Sound and its attributes

Answer 16

Loudness
Pitch
Duration
Quality
Regularity
Articulation
Pronunciation
Silence

Question 17

Vocalizations

Answer 17

Vocal characteristics – nonlanguage sounds that can be placed on a continuum from positive to negative

Vocal qualifiers – fall into three categories: 1) intensity 2) pitch height 3) duration; can depend on situation

Vocal segregates – nonwords used to fill pauses; sometimes called fillers

Question 18

Voice Types

Answer 18

Breathy
Tense
Breathy-tense
Nasal
Denasal
Orotund
Flat
Thin
Throaty
Fronted

Question 18

Vocal Attractiveness

Answer 18

In males – increased perceptions of strength, assertiveness, dominance

In females – increased perceptions of warmth, honesty, kindness

Question 19

Ideal Speech

Answer 19

People who are confident in what they are saying talk louder and faster than those less confident

People who talk fast are perceived as more credible than those who talk at a normal rate

Question 20

Voice Recognition

Answer 20

Voiceprint is the idea an individual’s voice is unique (like a fingerprint), and that it is possible to identify an individual on the basis of certain vocal qualities

Voiceprinting has been used in some criminal investigations but has been criticized regarding its accuracy

Question 21

Accents and Dialects

Answer 21

Accent is how the words sound as they are pronounced by individuals

Dialect is the use of unique words or phrases common to a specific group

Question 22

Olfaction

Answer 22

Olfaction is a process in which we recognize certain scents around us
Odors can come from the environment, others around us, or ourselves

Question 23

Odor Identification

Answer 23

Each person has an olfactory signature, which they carry with them

Question 24

Odor and Sexual Attraction

Answer 24

With opposite-sex romantic partners, we are drawn to people whose natural body scent is different from our own

Question 25

Olfactory Memory

Answer 25

Smell adaptation occurs when the odor you smell becomes a part of your environment or general background

Olfactory memory has the highest memory capacity of all five senses

Memories associated with a smell tend to be recalled when the odor is perceived again

Question 26

Olfactory Influence

Answer 26

We can manipulate others through smell.

Question 26

Time Orientation

Answer 26

Time orientation can be cultural or individual
People with a past orientation view change as a minimal element in their lives; they focus on the constant, stable past
People with a future orientation see life as a novelty; they seek new perspectives on new and old perceptions

Question 27

Chronemics

Answer 27

Chronemics is concerned with how we use and structure time

Question 28

Present time orientation

Answer 28

People with a present orientation focus on the now; they live for the immediate duration of an event, not necessarily relating it to the past or future

Question 29

Culture and Time

Answer 29

Cultures fall into two main categories with respect to their use of time

Monochronic cultures prefer doing one thing at a time; they treat each activity as a separate entity (Americans)

Polychronic cultures prefer doing many things at a time; they have a “things will get done when they get done mentality (Middle Easterners and Latin Americans)

Question 30

Punctuality

Answer 30

Different cultures have different expectations when it comes to punctuality

One study showed that some Latin American cultures would rather be late for an appointment than end a conversation abruptly

Question 31

Displaced vs Diffused People

Answer 31

Displaced people see a point in time as the end
Ex. When a meeting is set for 9:00, displaced people are there by 9:00 (or earlier)

Diffused people see time as an approximation
Ex. When a meeting is set for 9:00, diffused people arrive around 9:00