Vasoactive peptides Flashcards
Captopril MOA
ACE inhibitor
Captopril indications
hypertension
Captopril side effects
severe stomach pain, chest pain, allergic reaction
Enalapril MOA
ACE inhibitor
Enalapril indication
hypertension
Enalapril side effects
hypotension, severe stomach pain
Losartan MOA
angiotensin receptor inhibitor
Losartan indication
hypertension
losartan side effects
diarrhea, insomnia, nasal congestion
Valsartan MOA
Angiotensin receptor inhibitor
Valsartan indication
hypertension
Valsartan side effects
stomach pain, nausea
Icitbant MOA
bradykinin receptro inhibitor
Icitbant indication
Inflammatory responses (NOT sepsis)
Icitbant side effects
stomach pain, nausea
Desmopressin (DDAVP) MOA
vasopressin analogue
Desmopressin (DDAVP) indication
bleeding
Desmopressin (DDAVP) side effects
headache, stomach pain, nausea
Bosentan MOA
endothelin receptor inhibitor
Bosentan Indication
Plumonary hypertension
Bosentan side effects
Liver problems, stomach pain, nausea
Angiotensin converting enzyme is also known as
Peptidyl dipeptidase and
Kininase II
where is ACE located
widely distributed in the vasculature mostly located on the luminal structure of the endothelial cells
what are the 2 functions of ACE (Kininase II)
convertes AT I to AT II
and
degrades bradykinin
Angiotensinase’s function
A group of peptidases which hydrolyze angiotensin II and angiotensin III into smaller fragments. These peptide fragments are inactive.
Deactivates AT II
pharmacologic effects of AT II
Excessive production of this peptide results in hypertension and disorders of hemodynamics.
It stimulates aldosterone production from the adrenal cortex.
Vasoconstricts
fluid and electrolyte balance
Angiotensin is a potent mitogenic agent for the vascular and cardiovascular muscle cells and may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy.
ways to inhibit AT II
block rennin secretion and action
block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
block angiotensin receptors.
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors) main actions
blocks conversion of AT I to AT II
Blocks degredation of bradykinin and other vasoactive peptides
what are the 2 orally active ACEI
Captopril and enalapril
kinins actions
Kinins represent one of the most potent groups of vasodilators peptides
kinins are produced by
enzymes known as kallikreins or kininogenases.
Plasmatic prekallikrein is also known as
Fletcher factor - promotes coagulation process via intrinsic system.
bradykinin is made from ______ by what enzyme
HMW kininogen by plasma kallikrein
hemodynamic effects of kinins
Marked vasodilation in several vascular beds
Kinins stimulate the release of nitric oxide and prostaglandins PGE2 and PGI2.
Kinins promote water and solution passage from the blood to extracellular fluid resulting in edema.
Kinins promote redness, local heat, swelling and pain. ap
aspirins affects on kinins
blocks the algesic effects of prostagladins generated by bradykinin
ACE inhibitors increase/decrease the actions of kinin
increase by blocking its degredation
Vasopressin’s actions
(Anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) plays an important role in the long term control of blood pressure through its action on the kidney to increase water resorption.
It has short term vasoconstrictor actions.
Desmopressin’s actions
increases the factor VIII activity of patients with mild hemophilia and von Willebrand disease.
is effective in the control of bleeding in mild surgical process.
can also be administered intranasally.
in blood banking procedures this agent is also used to increase the factor VIII and von Willebrand factor in plasma of donor blood.
Natriuretic Peptides and Related Peptides functions
natriuretic diuretic, vasorelaxant and other properties
Natriuretic Peptides and Related Peptides include
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)
Vasopeptide inhibitors MOA
inhibit metaloproteases. Thus, these drugs increase the levels of natriuretic peptides and decrease the formation of angiotensin II.
leads to enhance vasodilation, reduce vasoconstriction and increase sodium excretion.
examples of vasopeptide inhibitors
omapatrilat,
sampartilat and
fasidotrilat
not yet approved
what are the drugs that are analogs of ANP
Vasopeptide inhibitors
Neurotensin actions
vasodilation hypotension vascular permeability hyperglycemia inhibition of gastric motility.
