Vasoactive peptides

Question 1

Captopril MOA

Answer 1

ACE inhibitor

Question 2

Captopril indications

Answer 2

hypertension

Question 3

Captopril side effects

Answer 3

severe stomach pain, chest pain, allergic reaction

Question 4

Enalapril MOA

Answer 4

ACE inhibitor

Question 5

Enalapril indication

Answer 5

hypertension

Question 6

Enalapril side effects

Answer 6

hypotension, severe stomach pain

Question 7

Losartan MOA

Answer 7

angiotensin receptor inhibitor

Question 8

Losartan indication

Answer 8

hypertension

Question 9

losartan side effects

Answer 9

diarrhea, insomnia, nasal congestion

Question 10

Valsartan MOA

Answer 10

Angiotensin receptor inhibitor

Question 11

Valsartan indication

Answer 11

hypertension

Question 12

Valsartan side effects

Answer 12

stomach pain, nausea

Question 13

Icitbant MOA

Answer 13

bradykinin receptro inhibitor

Question 14

Icitbant indication

Answer 14

Inflammatory responses (NOT sepsis)

Question 15

Icitbant side effects

Answer 15

stomach pain, nausea

Question 16

Desmopressin (DDAVP) MOA

Answer 16

vasopressin analogue

Question 17

Desmopressin (DDAVP) indication

Answer 17

bleeding

Question 18

Desmopressin (DDAVP) side effects

Answer 18

headache, stomach pain, nausea

Question 19

Bosentan MOA

Answer 19

endothelin receptor inhibitor

Question 20

Bosentan Indication

Answer 20

Plumonary hypertension

Question 21

Bosentan side effects

Answer 21

Liver problems, stomach pain, nausea

Question 22

Angiotensin converting enzyme is also known as

Answer 22

Peptidyl dipeptidase and

Kininase II

Question 23

where is ACE located

Answer 23

widely distributed in the vasculature mostly located on the luminal structure of the endothelial cells

Question 24

what are the 2 functions of ACE (Kininase II)

Answer 24

convertes AT I to AT II
and
degrades bradykinin

Question 25

Angiotensinase’s function

Answer 25

A group of peptidases which hydrolyze angiotensin II and angiotensin III into smaller fragments. These peptide fragments are inactive.

Deactivates AT II

Question 26

pharmacologic effects of AT II

Answer 26

Excessive production of this peptide results in hypertension and disorders of hemodynamics.

It stimulates aldosterone production from the adrenal cortex.

Vasoconstricts

fluid and electrolyte balance

Angiotensin is a potent mitogenic agent for the vascular and cardiovascular muscle cells and may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy.

Question 27

ways to inhibit AT II

Answer 27

block rennin secretion and action
block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
block angiotensin receptors.

Question 28

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors) main actions

Answer 28

blocks conversion of AT I to AT II

Blocks degredation of bradykinin and other vasoactive peptides

Question 29

what are the 2 orally active ACEI

Answer 29

Captopril and enalapril

Question 30

kinins actions

Answer 30

Kinins represent one of the most potent groups of vasodilators peptides

Question 31

kinins are produced by

Answer 31

enzymes known as kallikreins or kininogenases.

Question 32

Plasmatic prekallikrein is also known as

Answer 32

Fletcher factor - promotes coagulation process via intrinsic system.

Question 33

bradykinin is made from ______ by what enzyme

Answer 33

HMW kininogen by plasma kallikrein

Question 34

hemodynamic effects of kinins

Answer 34

Marked vasodilation in several vascular beds

Kinins stimulate the release of nitric oxide and prostaglandins PGE2 and PGI2.

Kinins promote water and solution passage from the blood to extracellular fluid resulting in edema.

Kinins promote redness, local heat, swelling and pain. ap

Question 35

aspirins affects on kinins

Answer 35

blocks the algesic effects of prostagladins generated by bradykinin

Question 36

ACE inhibitors increase/decrease the actions of kinin

Answer 36

increase by blocking its degredation

Question 37

Vasopressin’s actions

Answer 37

(Anti-diuretic hormone, ADH) plays an important role in the long term control of blood pressure through its action on the kidney to increase water resorption.

It has short term vasoconstrictor actions.

Question 38

Desmopressin’s actions

Answer 38

increases the factor VIII activity of patients with mild hemophilia and von Willebrand disease.

is effective in the control of bleeding in mild surgical process.

can also be administered intranasally.

in blood banking procedures this agent is also used to increase the factor VIII and von Willebrand factor in plasma of donor blood.

Question 39

Natriuretic Peptides and 
Related Peptides functions

Answer 39

natriuretic diuretic, vasorelaxant and other properties

Question 40

Natriuretic Peptides and 
Related Peptides include

Answer 40

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP)

Question 41

Vasopeptide inhibitors MOA

Answer 41

inhibit metaloproteases. Thus, these drugs increase the levels of natriuretic peptides and decrease the formation of angiotensin II.

leads to enhance vasodilation, reduce vasoconstriction and increase sodium excretion.

Question 42

examples of vasopeptide inhibitors

Answer 42

omapatrilat,
sampartilat and
fasidotrilat

not yet approved

Question 43

what are the drugs that are analogs of ANP

Answer 43

Vasopeptide inhibitors

Question 44

Neurotensin actions

Answer 44

vasodilation 
hypotension 
vascular permeability
hyperglycemia
inhibition of gastric motility.