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Rheumatology > Vasculitis > Flashcards

Vasculitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is vasculitis and what are the different types

A

Inflammation of the blood vessels

Large, medium, small

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of large cell vasculitis?

A

Direct damage to the endothelium leading to inflammation

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of small cell vasculitis?

A

Indirect damage leading to endothelium damage leading to inflammation

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4
Q

What are the types of large cell vasculitis

A

Giant cell temporal arteritis

Takayasu arteritis

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5
Q

What is takayasu arteritis?

A

Aortic arch inflammation

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6
Q

What are the types of medium cell arteritis?

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

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7
Q

What is polyarteritis nodosa

A

This is inflammation of the arteries due to the immune system.
The immune system mistakes arteries for hepatitis B.

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8
Q

Where does polyarteritis nodosa occur?

A

Skin, muscles and intenstines

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa?

A

Rash
Pain
Abdominal pain
Swelling

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10
Q

What are the complications of polyarteritis nodosa?

A

Aneurysms

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11
Q

What are the types of small cell vasculitis?

A

P-ANCA - Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis , microscopic polyangiitis
C-ANCA - granulomatosis with polyangitis

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12
Q

What is granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

A

A rare type of small cell vasculitis

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13
Q

What is microscopic polyangiitis?

A

Small cell vasculitis which is P - ANCA positive

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14
Q

What does polyangiitis mean?

A

Many - arteries - inflamed

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15
Q

What does granulomatosis mean

A

Release of granules

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16
Q

What does ANCA stand for?

A

Anti neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies

17
Q

What are the types of P-ANCA small cell vasculitees?

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

18
Q

What are the types of C-ANCA small cell vasculitees?

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

19
Q

Which protein is attacked by C-ANCA antibodies?

A

Protease 3

20
Q

What signs occur in granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

A

Nasopharynx: sinus pain, blood mucus due to ulcers and saddle shaped nose
Lung: breathlessness due to cavitating lesions
Renal : glomerulonephritis causing hypertension

21
Q

How can you seperate eosinopholic granulomatosis with polyangiitis with granulomatosis with polyangiits?

A

Levels of eosinophils are raised in the former

22
Q

What are the signs of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

A 
ASTHMA
Many body systems affected: sinuses, lungs, renal, skin, GI, heart
Can cause:
Muscle and joint aches
Asthma and ung infilrates
Rashes
Heart problems
Anaemia 
Parasthesia due to nervous damage
23
Q

How do you induce remission in small cell vasculitis?

A

IV Cyclophosphamide and a steriod

24
Q

How do you maintain remission in small cell vasculitis?

A

DMARDS and tapering of steriods

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