Vasculitis Flashcards
What is vasculitis and what are the different types
Inflammation of the blood vessels
Large, medium, small
What is the mechanism of large cell vasculitis?
Direct damage to the endothelium leading to inflammation
What is the mechanism of small cell vasculitis?
Indirect damage leading to endothelium damage leading to inflammation
What are the types of large cell vasculitis
Giant cell temporal arteritis
Takayasu arteritis
What is takayasu arteritis?
Aortic arch inflammation
What are the types of medium cell arteritis?
Polyarteritis nodosa
What is polyarteritis nodosa
This is inflammation of the arteries due to the immune system.
The immune system mistakes arteries for hepatitis B.
Where does polyarteritis nodosa occur?
Skin, muscles and intenstines
What are the symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa?
Rash
Pain
Abdominal pain
Swelling
What are the complications of polyarteritis nodosa?
Aneurysms
What are the types of small cell vasculitis?
P-ANCA - Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis , microscopic polyangiitis
C-ANCA - granulomatosis with polyangitis
What is granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
A rare type of small cell vasculitis
What is microscopic polyangiitis?
Small cell vasculitis which is P - ANCA positive
What does polyangiitis mean?
Many - arteries - inflamed
What does granulomatosis mean
Release of granules
What does ANCA stand for?
Anti neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies
What are the types of P-ANCA small cell vasculitees?
Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
What are the types of C-ANCA small cell vasculitees?
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Which protein is attacked by C-ANCA antibodies?
Protease 3
What signs occur in granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
Nasopharynx: sinus pain, blood mucus due to ulcers and saddle shaped nose
Lung: breathlessness due to cavitating lesions
Renal : glomerulonephritis causing hypertension
How can you seperate eosinopholic granulomatosis with polyangiitis with granulomatosis with polyangiits?
Levels of eosinophils are raised in the former
What are the signs of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
ASTHMA Many body systems affected: sinuses, lungs, renal, skin, GI, heart Can cause: Muscle and joint aches Asthma and ung infilrates Rashes Heart problems Anaemia Parasthesia due to nervous damage
How do you induce remission in small cell vasculitis?
IV Cyclophosphamide and a steriod
How do you maintain remission in small cell vasculitis?
DMARDS and tapering of steriods
